Psychological flexibility is not a single dimension: The distinctive flexibility profiles of underweight, overweight, and obese people

Ciarrochi, Joseph; Sahdra, Baljinder; Marshall, Sarah; Parker, Philip; Horwath, Caroline

doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.07.002

Cited by 42Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsEating Disorders and BehaviorsObesity and Health Practices

Psychological flexibility is not a single dimension: The distinctive flexibility profiles of underweight, overweight, and obese people

Ciarrochi, Joseph, Sahdra, Baljinder, Marshall, Sarah, Parker, Philip, Horwath, Caroline·2014·Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

DOI 10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.07.002

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Empirical studies have shown that psychological flexibility and inflexibility are independently associated with different outcomes, such as well-being and psychological distress, and may simultaneously be elevated within individuals.
“Empirical studies have shown that psychological flexibility and inflexibility are independently associated with different outcomes, such as well-being and psychological distress, and may simultaneously be elevated within individuals.[25][26][27]”
From Differential associations of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes with psychological distress across racial groups. (2026) · cites this paper as [25]
Ciarrochi et al. (2014) employed profile analysis and discovered that individuals differed across dimensions of PF (e.g., simultaneously showing high levels of fusion alongside pursuing goals and values), suggesting unidimensional, inverse measurement of PF is likely inaccurate.
“For example, Ciarrochi et al. (2014) employed profile analysis and discovered that individuals differed across dimensions of PF (e.g., simultaneously showing high levels of fusion alongside pursuing goals and values), suggesting unidi mensional, inverse measurement of PF is likely inaccurate.”
From Defining and measuring “psychological flexibility”: A narrative scoping review of diverse flexibility and rigidity constructs and perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as Ciarrochi et al. (2014)
People may have different profiles of experiential avoidance, being above average on some aspects of avoidance and average or below average on others.
“Recent evidence suggests that people may have different profiles of experiential avoidance, being above average on some aspects of avoidance, and average and below average on others, and this may have important implications for practice (Ciarrochi et al., 2014).”
From Using Genetic Algorithms in a Large Nationally Representative American Sample to Abbreviate the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (2016) · cites this paper as Ciarrochi et al., 2014
The intercorrelations of the subscales of the MEAQ-30 (and the 62-item MEAQ) ranged from negligible to moderate in size, consistent with previous research using the 62-item MEAQ.
“As initial evidence of the distinctiveness of the six dimensions of experiential avoidance, the intercorrelations of the subscales of the MEAQ-30 (and the 62-item MEAQ) ranged from negligible to moderate in size, which is consistent with previous research using the 62-item MEAQ (Gámez et al., 2011; Ciarrochi et al., 2014).”
From Using Genetic Algorithms in a Large Nationally Representative American Sample to Abbreviate the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (2016) · cites this paper as Ciarrochi et al., 2014

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Identifying and describing feelings and psychological flexibility predict mental health in men with HIV
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PERFECTIONISM AND RISK FOR DISORDERED EATING AMONG YOUNG FRENCH MALE CYCLISTS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE
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Substance abusers report being more alexithymic than others but do not show emotional processing deficits on a performance measure of alexithymia
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Psychological flexibility and self-concealment as predictors of disordered eating symptoms
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Personality traits and eating disorders: Mediating effects of self-esteem and perfectionism
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Measures That Make a Difference: A Functional Contextualistic Approach to Optimizing Psychological Measurement in Clinical Research and Practice
Ciarrochi, J., Zettle, R. D., Brockman, R., Duguid, J., Parker, P., Sahdra, B., & Kashdan, T. B. (2015) · The Wiley Handbook of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1002/9781118489857.ch16 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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PERFECTIONISM AND RISK FOR DISORDERED EATING AMONG YOUNG FRENCH MALE CYCLISTS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE
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(1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199907)26:1

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“A closely related construct to psychological flexibility is psychological inflexibility, which, depending on how it is measured, can be distinct from—rather than the inverse of— psychological flexibility (Ciarrochi et al., 2014; Rolffs et al., 2018).”
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The moderating effects of psychological flexibility and psychological inflexibility on the relationship between climate concern and climate-related distress
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“Additionally, considering psychological flexibility and inflexibility as opposite ends of a continuum may be an oversimplification, as individuals can exhibit various combinations of psychological flexibility and inflexibility components simultaneously 20–22 .”
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“This practice is questionable, given the debate over whether psychological flexibility operates along a single continuum to psychological inflex-ibility (Ciarrochi et al., 2014; Kashdan & Rottenberg, 2010; Morris & Mansell, 2018).”
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Authors: Ciarrochi, J., Sahdra, B., Marshall, S., Parker, P., & Horwath, C.
Affiliations: Australian Catholic University (AU)
University of Otago (NZ)
Corresponding author: Ciarrochi, Joseph
ORCID: Ciarrochi, Joseph
Sahdra, Baljinder
Marshall, Sarah
Parker, Philip
Horwath, Caroline
Venue: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-10
Volume: 3
Issue: 4
Pages: 236-247
ISSN: 2212-1447 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.07.002
OpenAlex: W2150405224
Cited by: 42
References: 103
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 1.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science (publishedVersion)
Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
Keywords: psychological flexibility, acceptance and commitment therapy, weight status, obesity, underweight, overweight, fusion, defusion, acceptance, awareness, values, gender differences, weight management, planned missing data

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