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Cited by 188Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

Using acceptance and commitment therapy to increase self-compassion: A randomized controlled trial

Open access
Yadavaia, James E., Hayes, Steven C., Vilardaga, Roger·2014·Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science
DOI 10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.09.002PMC PMC4260406
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Abstract

Self-compassion has been shown to be related to several types of psychopathology, including traumatic stress, and has been shown to improve in response to various kinds of interventions. Current conceptualizations of self-compassion fit well with the psychological flexibility model, which underlies acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). However, there has been no research on ACT interventions specifically aimed at self-compassion. This randomized trial therefore compared a 6-hour ACT-based workshop targeting self-compassion to a wait-list control. From pretreatment to 2-month follow-up, ACT was significantly superior to the control condition in self-compassion, general psychological distress, and anxiety. Process analyses revealed psychological flexibility to be a significant mediator of changes in self-compassion, general psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and stress. Exploratory moderation analyses revealed the intervention to be of more benefit in terms of depression, anxiety, and stress to those with greater trauma history. © 2014.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.09.002

Cites

62 of 62 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

2 of 32 cited sources checked · 1 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Premisecitation

    Psychological flexibility, measured by the AAQ-II, correlates with the Self-Compassion Scale at r = .65.

    “ACT’s process of change, psychological flexibility, which is measured by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II; Bond et al., 2011), correlates with the SCS at r = .65”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Neff, unpublished data cited in Neff & Tirch, 2013

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Bond et al., 2011 source
  • Findingown data

    Psychological flexibility significantly mediated changes in general psychological distress.

    “Process analyses revealed psychological flexibility to be a significant mediator of changes in self-compassion, general psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and stress.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Missing data in the outcome analyses are missing at random.
  • Findingown data

    From pretreatment to 2-month follow-up, the ACT workshop was significantly more effective than the waitlist control at increasing self-compassion.

    “From pretreatment to 2-month follow-up, ACT was significantly superior to the control condition in self-compassion, general psychological distress, and anxiety.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Missing data in the outcome analyses are missing at random.
  • Findingown data

    The ACT intervention produced greater improvement in depression among participants with more trauma history.

    “Exploratory moderation analyses revealed the intervention to be of more benefit in terms of depression, anxiety, and stress to those with greater trauma history.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Missing data in the outcome analyses are missing at random.
  • Findingown data

    Psychological flexibility significantly mediated changes in self-compassion.

    “Process analyses revealed psychological flexibility to be a significant mediator of changes in self-compassion, general psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and stress.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Missing data in the outcome analyses are missing at random.
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 14
  • May combine two claims. 16
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 1

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The AAQ-II correlates very highly with the AAQ-I (r = .97), and the AAQ-I has mediated ACT treatment effects in many outcome studies.

    “The AAQ-II correlates very highly with the AAQ-I (r = .97), which has mediated ACT treatment effects in many outcome studies”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, & Lillis, 2006 source

      The Mediational studies section (p. 17) reports that the AAQ mediated ACT outcomes in a worksite study, supporting the mediation part of the claim. But the paper does not report an AAQ-II–AAQ-I correlation of r = .97, and its discussion of AAQ versions (Research on ACT, p. 10) does not identify them as AAQ-I and AAQ-II. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    A GHQ score of 10 or higher indicates a current DSM-IV Axis I disorder with 78% sensitivity and 60% specificity in this approximate age group.

    “a score on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ; Goldberg, 1972) of 10 or higher, which indicates the presence of a current DSM-IV Axis I disorder with a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 60% in this approximate age group”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Baksheev, Robinson, Cosgrave, Baker, & Yung, 2011 source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    ACT overlaps considerably with Neff's conceptualization of self-compassion, and relational frame theory may also be relevant to self-compassion.

    “Some authors have suggested that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT; Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 2012) overlaps with Neff’s conceptualization of self-compassion considerably and that Relational Frame Theory (RFT; Hayes, Barnes-Holmes, & Roche, 2001), the basic science of language and cognition behind ACT, may be relevant to self-compassion as well”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Neff & Tirch, 2013

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Hayes, Barnes-Holmes, & Roche, 2001

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductown data

    Participants were assigned to the ACT workshop or waitlist condition using a random number generator.

    “assigned to either the ACT workshop or waitlist condition via a random number generator”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The Self-Compassion Scale had good internal reliability in the present study (α = .90).

    “The SCS has good internal reliability, both in its validation study (α = .92) and in the present study (α = .90).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Neff, 2003a

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    An 8-week mindful self-compassion course improved self-compassion, mindfulness, compassion toward others, life satisfaction, avoidance, depression, anxiety, and stress more than a wait-list control, with gains maintained at 6-month follow-up.

    “One study showed that an 8-week mindful self-compassion course based on Neff’s conceptualization improved self-compassion, mindfulness, compassion towards others, life satisfaction, avoidance, depression, anxiety, and stress significantly more than a wait-list control, with all improvements maintained at 6-month follow-up”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Neff & Germer, 2013 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Several covariance assumptions were tested, and the simplest model not significantly different from the unspecified covariance structure was used.

    “Several simpler and restrictive covariance assumptions were tested (compound symmetry, compound symmetry heterogeneous, Toeplitz) and the simplest model was used that was not significantly different than the unspecified covariance structure as determined by comparison of nested models through the restricted log-likelihood.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The AAQ-II had good internal consistency in the present study (α = .87).

    “The AAQ-II is more internally consistent than the original AAQ (Hayes et al., 2004) with an α = .84 in its validation study and α = .87 in the present study.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Hayes et al., 2004 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Differences between group conditions in outcome and process measures were generally medium to large and always in favor of the ACT intervention.

    “Differences between group conditions in outcome and process measures were generally medium to large and always in favor of the ACT intervention.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The DASS-21 depression, anxiety, and stress subscales had acceptable to good internal consistency at pretreatment in the present study (αs = .86, .76, and .84, respectively).

    “Internal consistency has previously been shown to be good (α for each scale > .87; Antony, Bieling, Cox, Enns, & Swinson, 1998), and was acceptable to good at pretreatment in the present study (αs for depression, anxiety, and stress = .86, .76, and .84, respectively).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Antony, Bieling, Cox, Enns, & Swinson, 1998 source

  • May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Study design and conductown data

    Inter-rater reliability for the adherence instrument was acceptable: raters never differed by more than 1 point and agreed precisely 76% of the time.

    “The raters’ responses were never more than 1 point apart, and they agreed precisely 76% of the time.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The workshop had a greater effect on self-compassion, depression, anxiety, and stress among those endorsing more types of stressful life events, including a history of trauma.

    “Exploratory analyses and visual inspection suggested that the workshop had a greater effect on self-compassion, depression, anxiety, and stress among those endorsing more types of stressful life events, including a history of trauma.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The General Health Questionnaire had good internal consistency at pretreatment in the present study (α = .87).

    “Internal consistency is good in college-aged individuals (Cronbach’s α = .84; Winefield, Goldney, Winefield, & Tiggemann, 1989) and was good at pretreatment in the current study (α = .87).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Winefield, Goldney, Winefield, & Tiggemann, 1989 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The brief ACT intervention was efficacious to improve self-compassion and symptoms of psychopathology, and these improvements were mediated by the hypothesized process of change.

    “Overall, these outcomes are consistent with our theoretical rationale, suggesting that this brief intervention was efficacious to improve self-compassion and symptoms of psychopathology, and that these improvements were mediated by the hypothesized process of change.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    Before formal statistical analyses, distributional assumptions were examined, including skewness, kurtosis, outliers, and homogeneity of variance.

    “Before conducting formal statistical analyses, underlying distributional assumptions were examined, particularly skewness, kurtosis, outliers, and homogeneity of variance.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    Adherence to the ACT protocol was rated by trained clinical psychology graduate students using an adapted manual that assessed coverage of the six ACT flexibility processes and the absence of ACT-inconsistent approaches.

    “Clinical psychology graduate students with a minimum of 1 year of practicum training in ACT rated each workshop using an adherence manual adapted from Plumb & Vilardaga (2010) that assessed coverage of the 6 ACT flexibility processes and the absence of ACT-inconsistent approaches”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Plumb & Vilardaga (2010) source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Depression symptoms were significantly reduced in the ACT group after the intervention and at two months follow-up.

    “Symptoms of depression were significantly reduced in the ACT group after the intervention and at two months follow up.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    A mixed model repeated measures analysis was used because modeling time categorically provided better fit than hierarchical linear modeling, and MMRM retains intent-to-treat advantages by using all available data and accounting for missingness.

    “Although hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was explored as a method of data analysis, in virtually all cases modeling time categorically rather than as a linear covariate provided a better fit as determined by a comparison of nested models using restricted log-likelihoods, and thus a mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) analysis was used.”
    • Also stated in: § Outcomes · hedged
      “MMRM is a mixed regression model that retains most of the advantages of HLM for an intent-to-treat analysis (Raudenbush & Bryk, 2002) in using all available data from all subjects and taking into account the obtained outcome and missingness, thus reducing the problem of missing data.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Raudenbush & Bryk, 2002

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • Rests on an assumption: Missing data in the outcome analyses are missing at random.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    For stress, the ACT intervention led to moderate reductions over time, but between-group differences only reached a trend, possibly due to insufficient power to detect small effects.

    “For the last outcome, stress, the ACT intervention led to moderate reductions over time, but between group differences only reached a trend, which could be due to insufficient power to detect small effects.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    Because the AAQ-II measures several facets of psychological flexibility and the intervention targeted several ACT processes, it is difficult to know which components of the intervention impacted which processes.

    “However, because the AAQ-II measures several facets of psychological flexibility, and because the intervention targeted several of the 6 ACT processes, it is difficult to know which components of the intervention impacted which processes and were most beneficial.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Anxiety symptoms improved in the ACT condition at each measurement occasion, and these improvements were superior to waitlist.

    “Conversely, symptoms of anxiety improved in the ACT condition at each measurement occasion—improvements which were superior as compared to the waitlist condition.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Only the Anxiety subscale failed distributional criteria, and it met criteria after two follow-up outliers were removed.

    “Only the Anxiety subscale of the DASS failed to meet criteria, but did so after 2 outliers were removed from follow-up.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Overall adherence scores for the three workshops were high (4.59, 4.69, and 4.86; M = 4.71, SD = .14), indicating the intervention was delivered skillfully and in depth.

    “Overall adherence scores for the 3 workshops were high in all cases (4.59, 4.69, and 4.86; M = 4.71, SD = .14), indicating that the intervention was delivered skillfully and in depth.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    There was no baseline difference between conditions on any screening measure or demographic variable except age, where ACT participants were significantly younger (p = .04) but the means differed by less than 1 year.

    “There was no difference on any screening measure or demographic variable (gender, racial/ethnic background, sexual orientation, or grade point average) between the two conditions, except that that ACT participants were significantly younger than waitlist control participants (p = .04), although the means differed by less than 1 year.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The unblocked randomization procedure did not ensure equivalent group sizes, resulting in a smaller ACT group (n = 34) than waitlist group (n = 44).

    “The ACT group was smaller (n = 34) than the waitlist group (n = 44) because of the unblocked randomization procedure, which could not ensure equivalence of group size.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
25 of 25

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Missing data in the outcome analyses are missing at random.

    “MMRM is a mixed regression model that retains most of the advantages of HLM for an intent-to-treat analysis (Raudenbush & Bryk, 2002) in using all available data from all subjects and taking into account the obtained outcome and missingness, thus reducing the problem of missing data.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Pre-to-post changes in psychological flexibility causally mediate pre-to-follow-up changes in outcomes.

    “Pre to follow-up changes in the outcome variable were entered as outcomes, and pre to post changes in the process variable (AAQ-II) were entered as mediators.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Missing data in the moderation analyses are missing at random.

    “Using bootstrapping, 30 imputed datasets were generated, and missing data were imputed based on values for all other variables in the dataset.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The AAQ-II validly measures psychological flexibility.

    “The functional role of psychological flexibility (AAQ-II) in producing effects on the outcome measures was examined by mediation analysis.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The SLESQ-R validly measures trauma history or stressful life events.

    “To evaluate whether the workshop was differentially effective for individuals according to trauma history, the SLESQ-R (taken at pretreatment) was evaluated as a moderator of the effect of treatment condition on outcomes.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The SCS, GHQ, DASS-D, DASS-A, and DASS-S validly measure their target constructs.

    “An MMRM analysis with a heterogeneous compound symmetry covariance structure best fit the data from the SCS and revealed a significant effect for treatment condition (p < .001) and time (p < .001), and a significant and medium time-by-condition interaction [F(2, 102.61) = 10.18, p < .001, effect size = .74].”
6 of 6

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Defusion and self-as-context show particularly strong links to reductions in rigid, self-critical, and shame-based thinking and to the development of more compassionate self-perspectives.

    “These processes predict subsequent improvements in mental health, with defusion—conceptually analogous to decentering in the mindfulness literature—and self-as-context showing particularly strong links to reductions in rigid, self-critical, and shame-based thinking, as well as to the development of more compassionate self-perspectives (89).”

    From The therapeutic role of self-transcendence in moral injury recovery: theory, mechanisms, and clinical implications (2026) · cites this paper as [89]

    The Present Study section describes defusion and self-as-context as central to self-compassion, and the Method > Intervention section says the workshop targeted self-criticism and self-conceptualizations. But Future Directions and Clinical Implications says the study could not determine which individual ACT processes were most beneficial; it does not establish particularly strong links for these two processes or a reduction in shame-based thinking. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Prior literature found that ACT helps one detach from thoughts and emotions and be more self-compassionate.

    “These findings are also consistent with what prior literature found as benefits of ACT, helping one to detach oneself from thoughts and emotions and to be more self-compassionate [46].”

    From ClearMind Workshop: An ACT-based Intervention Tailored for Academic Procrastination among Computing Students (2024) · cites this paper as [46]

    The Discussion reports that the ACT intervention increased self-compassion. The paper also describes defusion from self-critical thoughts, but The Present Study says to embrace painful thoughts and feelings rather than avoid them; it does not establish detachment from emotions as a benefit. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Acceptance and Commitment Therapy promotes self-compassion.

    “research suggests that ACT does promote self-compassion [16]”

    From Self-compassion in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain: A pilot study (2022) · cites this paper as [16]

  • Researchers have found that, when compared to a wait-list control condition, ACT resulted in greater increases in self-compassion.

    “Researchers have found that, when compared to a wait-list control condition, ACT resulted in greater increases in self-compassion (Yadavaia et al., 2014).”

    From Feasibility and preliminary outcomes of compassion-focused acceptance and commitment therapy delivered via telehealth in a community behavioral health clinic (2025) · cites this paper as Yadavaia et al., 2014

  • The findings on ACT's effect on self-compassion are consistent with the results of Khamoshi Ghalenoi & Mansouri (17) and Yadavaia et al. (32).

    “These findings are consistent with the results of Khamoshi Ghalenoi &amp; Mansouri (17) and Yadavaia et al. (32).”

    From Effects of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Resiliency, Self-Compassion, and Corona Disease Anxiety on Medical Staff Involved in COVID-19 Pandemic (2023) · cites this paper as Yadavaia et al. (32)

Statistics recomputed

Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.

  • ConsistentF(2, 102.61) = 10.18reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001

    “F(2, 102.61) = 10.18, p < .001”

  • Consistentt(109.56) = 3.08reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .003

    “t (109.56) = 3.08, p < .01”

  • Consistentt(109.37) = 8.21reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001

    “t (109.37) = 8.21, p < .001”

  • Consistentt(109.45) = -4.32reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001

    “t (109.45) = −4.32, p < .001”

  • ConsistentF(2, 106.8) = 3.69reported p = .03 · recomputed p = .028

    “F(2, 106.80) = 3.69, p = .03”

  • Consistentt(108.29) = -3.34reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .001

    “t (108.29) = −3.34, p < .01”

  • Consistentt(108.08) = -5.56reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001

    “t (108.08) = −5.56, p < .001”

  • Consistentt(108.17) = 2.13reported p = .04 · recomputed p = .035

    “t (108.17) = 2.13, p = .04”

  • ConsistentF(2, 87.45) = 3.11reported p = .0498 · recomputed p = .050

    “F(2, 87.45) = 3.11, p = .0498”

  • Consistentt(63.18) = -2.73reported p = .01 · recomputed p = .008

    “t (63.18) = −2.73, p = .01”

  • Consistentt(133.02) = 2.49reported p = .01 · recomputed p = .014

    “t (133.02) = 2.49, p = .01”

  • ConsistentF(2, 67.21) = 7.48reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .001

    “F(2, 67.21) = 7.48, p < .01”

  • Consistentt(71.37) = -3.48reported p < .01 · recomputed p < .001

    “t (71.37) = −3.48, p < .01”

  • Consistentt(70.47) = 2.76reported p = .01 · recomputed p = .007

    “t (70.47) = 2.76, p = .01”

  • Consistentt(111.53) = -3.02reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .003

    “t (111.53) = −3.02, p < .01”

  • Consistentt(111.64) = 1.88reported p = .06 · recomputed p = .063

    “t (111.64) = 1.88, p = .06”

  • Consistentt(63) = 3.72reported p < .01 · recomputed p < .001

    “t(63) = 3.72, p < .01”

  • Consistentt(63) = 3.03reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .004

    “t(63) = 3.03, p < .01”

  • Consistentt(63) = -2.01reported p = .049 · recomputed p = .049

    “t(63) = −2.01, p = .049”

  • Consistentt(63) = -1.14reported p = .26 · recomputed p = .259

    “t(63) = −1.14, p = .26”

  • Consistentt(63) = -1.79reported p = .08 · recomputed p = .078

    “t(63) = −1.79, p = .08”

  • Consistentt(63) = -0.8reported p = .43 · recomputed p = .427

    “t(63) = −.80, p = .43”

  • Consistentt(63) = -2.4reported p = .02 · recomputed p = .019

    “t(63) = −2.40, p = .02”

  • Consistentt(63) = -1.59reported p = .12 · recomputed p = .117

    “t(63) = −1.59, p = .12”

  • Consistentt(63) = -1.86reported p = .07 · recomputed p = .068

    “t(63) = −1.86, p = .07”

  • Consistentt(63) = -1.09reported p = .28 · recomputed p = .280

    “t(63) = −1.09, p = .28”

  • ConsistentF(1, 64) = 6.18reported p = .02 · recomputed p = .016

    “F(1,64) = 6.18, p = .02”

  • ConsistentF(1, 64) = 7.55reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .008

    “F(1,64) = 7.55, p < .01”

  • ConsistentF(1, 64) = 5.41reported p = .02 · recomputed p = .023

    “F(1, 64) = 5.41, p = .02”

29 of 29

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Self-compassion estimate falls outside its reported confidence interval

    Major

    The reported mediation estimate is 2.51, but the upper limit of its reported 95% confidence interval is 2.01. The point estimate therefore lies outside the interval presented alongside it, suggesting that at least one value was reported incorrectly.

1 of 1

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Yadavaia, J. E., Hayes, S. C., & Vilardaga, R.
Affiliations
  • University of Nevada, Reno (US)
  • University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author
Yadavaia, James E.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-10
Volume
3
Issue
4
Pages
248-257
ISSN
2212-1447 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.09.002
PMC
PMC4260406
OpenAlex
W2141219537
Cited by
188
References
69
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
FWCI
4.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Drug Abuse (K99DA037276)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords
acceptance and commitment therapy, self-compassion, psychological flexibility, psychological distress, anxiety, depression, stress, trauma history, workshop intervention, mediation, moderation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-09-28.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-09-28.

Cited sources are checked by gpt-6-sol.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

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