Mindfulness, cognitive fusion, and self-compassion in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders—A cross-sectional study
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In the last decades, third wave approaches in cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) have shown effectiveness in treating several mental disorders, including schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Three crucial processes associated with clinical changes in patients include mindfulness, psychological flexibility (PF) and self-compassion (SC). PF is generally assessed by cognitive fusion (CF), a negative formulated key process of PF. The current study encompasses a cross-sectional design to examine the interplay of mindfulness, CF, SC and symptom severity in SSD. It was hypothesized that mindfulness is negatively correlated with symptom severity, CF mediates the negative relation between mindfulness and symptom severity, and SC moderates the link between mindfulness and CF. In total, 79 persons with SSD were recruited at the Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Correlations, as well as moderated mediation analyses, were performed using the analysis modeling tool PROCESS with total symptom severity and negative symptom severity as outcome variables, measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Self-Evaluation of Negative Symptoms Scale (SNS). Results show that the moderated mediation hypothesis was confirmed for negative symptom severity assessed by SNS, however, not for total symptom severity assessed by PANSS. In general, the association between mindfulness and CF was stronger for participants with higher SC scores in our data. Future studies should investigate the relationship between mindfulness, SC, and PF regarding symptom severity in SSD in longitudinal designs while considering the impact on different outcomes and differences regarding assessment tools.
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Several research studies have documented the noteworthy impact of cognitive diffusion on the psychological adaptability of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.
“Furthermore, several research studies have documented the noteworthy impact of cognitive diffusion on the psychological adaptability of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (45–47).”
From Effect of applying nursing-based cognitive defusion techniques on mindful awareness, cognitive fusion, and believability of delusions among clients with schizophrenia: a randomized control trial (2024) · cites this paper as [46]
The Introduction (page unavailable) identifies cognitive defusion as a dimension of psychological flexibility, and the Discussion reports that participants with less cognitive fusion tended to be more psychologically flexible. But this cross-sectional study measured fusion, not the impact of defusion; the Discussion says randomized trials are needed to draw causal conclusions. The claim therefore overstates what this source documents. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBöge et al. (2022) found that those with lower cognitive fusion scores were likelier to exhibit greater psychological flexibility and mindfulness.
“Böge et al. (2022) found that those with lower cognitive fusion scores were likelier to exhibit greater psychological flexibility and mindfulness (46).”
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Töbelmann, L., Hahne, I., Schulze, T., Bergmann, N., Fuchs, L., Zierhut, M., Hahn, E., & Böge, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1086468 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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“Böge et al. (2022) found that those with lower cognitive fusion scores were likelier to exhibit greater psychological fl exibility and mindfulness (46).”
Background
- Authors
- Böge, K., Pollex, F., Bergmann, N., Hahne, I., Zierhut, M. M., Mavituna, S., Thomas, N., & Hahn, E.
- Affiliations
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- Swinburne University of Technology (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Böge, Kerem
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-08-02
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 959467-959467
- ISSN
- 1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9378854
- OpenAlex
- W4289521567
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6
- FWCI
- 3.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- mindfulness, cognitive fusion, self-compassion, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, psychological flexibility, symptom severity, negative symptoms, third-wave cognitive behavioral therapy, moderated mediation
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