Diabetes after Bariatric Surgery
Open accessAbstract
Bariatric surgery has now emerged as an effective means of glycemic control in individuals with diabetes and obesity. However, long-term data show recurrence of hyperglycemia years after the procedure. Although the exact prevalence of diabetes relapse is unknown because of attrition and limited data on long-term follow up after the surgery, a significant percentage of patients experience relapse of diabetes. The mechanism of diabetes relapse is not completely understood and is not always linked to weight regain. The clinical implications of hyperglycemia after bariatric surgery for patients and healthcare providers is reviewed.
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Recent findings suggest that a persistent impairment in insulin secretion is a crucial factor in failure to sustain T2D remission after bariatric surgery.
“Recent findings suggest that a persistent impairment in insulin secretion is a crucial factor in failure to sustain T2D remission after bariatric surgery.295–297”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [297]
In both groups, average peak insulin levels improved 2 years post-surgery: pre-surgery peak insulin levels were 491.9 and 7778.3 pmol/L in the diabetic and non-diabetic groups, respectively.
“In both groups, average peak insulin levels improved 2 years post-surgery: pre-surgery peak insulin levels were 491.9 and 7778.3 pmol/L in the diabetic and non-diabetic groups, respectively.”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [297]
Bariatric surgery improves disposition index in diabetes-free subjects such that after 2 years post-surgery it almost matches general population values.
“A recent study reported that bariatric surgery improves disposition index (DI), a score determined by insulin sensitivity times the amount of insulin secreted in response to blood glucose levels, in diabetes-free subjects such that after 2 years post-surgery, it almost matches general population values.297”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [297]
Fasting plasma glucose levels reverted to normal levels 2 years post-surgery in over 90% of T2D subjects (from 7.30 to 5.24 mmol) and became comparable to non-diabetic subjects (5.00 mmol).
“Fasting plasma glucose levels were reported to revert to normal levels 2 years post-surgery in over 90% of T2D subjects (from 7.30 to 5.24 mmol), and become comparable to non-diabetic subjects (5.00 mmol).”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [297]
Insulin secretion in response to intravenously administered glucose declines in diabetes-free individuals after bariatric surgery, implying that the improved DI is a result of enhanced post-surgery GLP-1 plasma levels.
“However, insulin secretion in response to intravenously administered glucose declines in these individuals, implying that the improved DI is a result of the enhanced post-surgery GLP-1 plasma levels.”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [297]
Average peak insulin levels were notably lower in diabetic subjects (771.4 pmol/L) compared to non-diabetic subjects (1221 pmol/L) 2 years post-surgery, although average fasting insulin levels were higher in diabetic subjects (41.5 vs 36.9 pmol/L).
“Average peak insulin levels were notably lower in diabetic subjects (771.4 pmol/L) compared to non-diabetic (1221 pmol/L) 2 years post-surgery, although average fasting insulin levels were higher in diabetic subjects (41.5 vs 36.9 pmol/L).”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [297]
Average peak glucose levels remained similar in the diabetic group 2 years after surgery (from 9.96 to 9.79 mmol/L), but peak postprandial glucose shifted to an earlier time point and rapidly declined to within the normoglycaemic range, greatly reducing time in hyperglycaemia.
“Although average peak glucose levels remained similar in the diabetic group 2 years after surgery (from 9.96 to 9.79 mmol/L), peak postprandial glucose levels shifted to an earlier time point and rapidly declined to within the normoglycaemic range, meaning that the time the individual was subjected to hyperglycaemia was greatly reduced”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [297]
Overall reductions in fasting and postprandial glucose exposure following bariatric surgery in nondiabetic individuals are thought to be beneficial due to reported reduced cardiovascular complications associated with post-surgery groups compared with non-surgical control groups.
“Despite this postprandial hyperglycaemia, the overall reductions in fasting and postprandial glucose exposure following bariatric surgery in nondiabetic individuals are thought to be beneficial due to the reported reduced cardiovascular complications associated with post-surgery groups compared with non-surgical control groups.297”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [297]
Although the average proinsulin:insulin ratio marginally improved 2 years after surgery in diabetic subjects (from 2.2 to 1.8), it remained notably higher than in non-diabetic controls (1.1), demonstrating that bariatric surgery does not have much impact on defective insulin processing by islet beta-cells.
“Interestingly, although the average proinsulin: insulin ratio marginally improved 2 years after surgery in diabetic subjects (from 2.2 to 1.8), it remained notably higher than the value observed in the non-diabetic control group (1.1), demonstrating that bariatric surgery does not have much impact on defective insulin processing by islet beta-cells.”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [297]
Average peak glucose levels increased in non-diabetic subjects after surgery, but these individuals similarly had peak levels at an earlier time point with a subsequent more rapid decline in plasma glucose levels.
“Surprisingly, average peak glucose levels increased in non-diabetic subjects after surgery, but these individuals similarly had peak levels at an earlier time point, with a subsequent more rapid decline in plasma glucose levels.”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [297]
In T2D subjects (91% remission rate at 2 years post-surgery), both disposition indices and insulin secretion in response to intravenously administered glucose improve 2 years post-surgery but are still notably lower than population norms.
“In the T2D subjects of the same study (91% remission rate at 2 years post-surgery), both disposition indices and insulin secretion in response to intravenously administered glucose improve 2 years post-surgery but are still notably lower than population norms.”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [297]
In both T2D obese and T2D-free obese patients, bariatric surgery increases postprandial GLP-1 levels (up to 3-fold pre-surgery and nearly 8-fold vs baseline after gastric bypass).
“In both T2D obese and T2D-free obese patients, bariatric surgery increases postprandial GLP-1 levels (from up to 3-fold pre-surgery and nearly 8-fold vs baseline after gastric bypass).297”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [297]
Average peak postprandial glucagon levels increased in both diabetic (from 102.2 to 112.3 ng/L) and non-diabetic (from 99.2 to 109.9 ng/L) groups after surgery, implying a beneficial role of this hormone in promoting post-surgical weight loss, and the opposite was the case for fasting glucagon levels.
“Interestingly, average peak postprandial glucagon levels increased in both diabetic (from 102.2 to 112.3ng/L) and non-diabetic (from 99.2 to 109.9 ng/L) groups after surgery, implying a beneficial role of this hormone in promoting post-surgical weight loss, and the opposite was the case for fasting glucagon levels.”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [297]
Plasma GLP-1 and GIP responses, as well as insulin levels, were augmented in a pattern that mirrored the accelerated postprandial glucose appearance and disappearance following surgery in both diabetic and nondiabetic groups.
“Plasma GLP-1 and GIP responses, as well as insulin levels, were augmented in a pattern that mirrored the accelerated postprandial glucose appearance and disappearance following surgery in both diabetic and nondiabetic groups.”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [297]
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- Authors
- Shah, A., & Laferrère, B.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Laferrère, Blandine
- Venue
- Canadian Journal of Diabetes
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-08
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 401-406
- ISSN
- 1499-2671 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5875725
- OpenAlex
- W2607652152
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Canadian Journal of Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK098056, R01DK067561)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques
- Keywords
- bariatric surgery, diabetes mellitus, diabetes relapse, hyperglycemia, obesity, weight regain, glycemic control, long-term outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Body Weight, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Obesity, Prospective Studies, Recurrence, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Bariatric Surgery
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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