Hormone therapy in transgender adults is safe with provider supervision; A review of hormone therapy sequelae for transgender individuals
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INTRODUCTION: Some providers report concern for the safety of transgender hormone therapy (HT). METHODS: This is a systematic literature review of HT safety for transgender adults. RESULTS: Current literature suggests HT is safe when followed carefully for certain risks. The greatest health concern for HT in transgender women is venous thromboembolism. HT among transgender men appears to cause polycythemia. Both groups experienced elevated fasting glucose. There is no increase in cancer prevalence or mortality due to transgender HT. CONCLUSION: Although current data support the safety of transgender HT with physician supervision, larger, long-term studies are needed in transgender medicine.
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Gender-affirming hormone treatment significantly lowers testosterone levels in transgender women.
“Since GAHT significantly lowers testosterone levels in transgender women,24 it is possible that they may experience reductions in HCT and Hgb, which would be anticipated to negatively affect endurance performance.”
From How does hormone transition in transgender women change body composition, muscle strength and haemoglobin? Systematic review with a focus on the implications for sport participation (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
The ‘Other considerations > Androgen deprivation in MTF individuals’ section describes androgen deprivation in transgender women, which supports the general direction of the claim. It does not report measured testosterone levels or establish that the reduction is statistically significant; no page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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- Authors
- Weinand, J. D., & Safer, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Safer, Joshua D.
- ORCID
- Safer, Joshua D.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 55-60
- ISSN
- 2214-6237 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5226129
- OpenAlex
- W2073208821
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 27.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2024-03-01)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R13HD084267)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- hormone therapy safety, transgender adults, venous thromboembolism, polycythemia, fasting blood glucose, cancer risk, cancer mortality, transgender women, transgender men
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