It’s all about location, location, location: children’s memory for the “where” of personally experienced events

Bauer, Patricia J.; Doydum, Ayzit O.; Pathman, Thanujeni; Larkina, Marina; Güler, O. Evren; Burch, Melissa

doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2012.06.007

Cited by 85Memory Processes and InfluencesChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentIdentity, Memory, and Therapy

It’s all about location, location, location: children’s memory for the “where” of personally experienced events

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Bauer, Patricia J., Doydum, Ayzit O., Pathman, Thanujeni, Larkina, Marina, Güler, O. Evren, Burch, Melissa·2012·Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

DOI 10.1016/j.jecp.2012.06.007PMC PMC3478447

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Abstract

Episodic memory is defined as the ability to recall specific past events located in a particular time and place. Over the preschool and into the school years, there are clear developmental changes in memory for when events took place. In contrast, little is known about developmental changes in memory for where events were experienced. In the current research, we tested 4-, 6-, and 8-year-old children's memories for specific laboratory events, each of which was experienced in a unique location. We also tested the children's memories for the conjunction of the events and their locations. Age-related differences were observed in all three types of memory (event, location, and conjunction of event and location), with the most pronounced differences being in memory for conjunctions of events and their locations. The results have implications for our understanding of the development of episodic memory, including suggestions of protracted development of the ability to contextualize events in their spatial locations.

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Memories from the infantile amnesia period may be fragmented or incomplete, with references to spatial context especially likely to be missing.
“memories from this period may be fragmented or incomplete—references to spatial context are especially likely to be missing (127) as these rely on maturation of the hippocampus.”
From The Stress Acceleration Hypothesis of Nightmares (2017) · cites this paper as [127]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that four-year-olds make few spontaneous references to place and may have difficulty re-creating an event’s spatial context. It also describes prolonged development of a memory network involving the hippocampus. The paper does not establish that memories from the childhood-amnesia period are generally fragmented or incomplete, or that hippocampal maturation causes spatial references to be missing. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Authors: Bauer, P. J., Doydum, A. O., Pathman, T., Larkina, M., Güler, O. E., & Burch, M.
Affiliations: Emory University (US)
Augsburg University (US)
Hampshire College (US)
Corresponding author: Bauer, Patricia J.
ORCID: Bauer, Patricia J.
Pathman, Thanujeni
Venue: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-12
Volume: 113
Issue: 4
Pages: 510-522
ISSN: 0022-0965 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2012.06.007
PMC: PMC3478447
OpenAlex: W2106770488
Cited by: 85
References: 98
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6
FWCI: 3.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 42483, HD-28425, R01HD028425, K02HD042483)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
Keywords: episodic memory, spatial memory, location memory, memory for time, memory development, children, preschool children
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Association Learning, Attention, Child, Child, Preschool, Cues, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Mental Recall, Social Environment, Space Perception, Speech Perception

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It’s all about location, location, location: children’s memory for the “where” of personally experienced events

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