Memory binding in early childhood: evidence for a retrieval deficit
Abstract
Previous research has suggested that performance for items requiring memory-binding processes improves between ages 4 and 6 (J. Sluzenski, N. Newcombe, & S. L. Kovacs, 2006). The present study suggests that much of this improvement is due to retrieval, as opposed to encoding, deficits for 4-year-olds. Four- and 6-year-old children (N = 48 per age) were given objects, backgrounds, and object + background combinations to remember. Younger children performed equivalently to 6-year-olds during a working memory task for all types of memory questions but were impaired during a long-term memory task for the object + background combinations. Furthermore, this deficit was completely due to differences in false alarm rates, suggesting that separate analyses of hits and false alarms may be preferable to corrected recognition scores when studying memory development.
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Previous studies have consistently reported age-related improvements in context binding, or relational binding in general, throughout early and middle childhood.
“Previous studies have consistently reported age-related improvements in context binding—or relational binding in general—throughout early and middle childhood 12,17,22,23.”
From Contingency of semantic generalization on episodic specificity varies across development (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
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Contingency of semantic generalization on episodic specificity varies across development
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- Authors
- Lloyd, M. E., Doydum, A. O., & Newcombe, N. S.
- Affiliations
- Seton Hall University (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Temple University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lloyd, Marianne E
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-09-01
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1321-1328
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8624
- OpenAlex
- W2110617589
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Child Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Seton Hall University eRepository (Seton Hall University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- memory binding, retrieval deficit, encoding deficits, working memory, long-term memory, recognition memory, false alarm rate
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Memory Disorders, Task Performance and Analysis
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