Defending one's worldview under mortality salience: Testing the validity of an established idea
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Two other large-scale, pre-registered replications of TMT studies failed to find support for the effect being replicated.
“In addition, we are aware of two other large-scale, pre-registered replications of TMT studies.Both of these efforts failed to find support for the effect being replicated (Sætrevik & Sjåstad, 2019;Schindler et al., 2021).”
From Many Labs 4: Failure to Replicate Mortality Salience Effect With and Without Original Author Involvement (2022) · cites this paper as Schindler et al., 2021
These null findings add to a growing list of recent TMT studies that failed to replicate basic MS effects in reasonable, or even ideal, conditions.
“These null findings add to a growing list of recent TMT studies that failed to replicate basic MS effects in reasonable, or even ideal, conditions [47–50].”
From Not so terrifying after all? A set of failed replications of the mortality salience effects of Terror Management Theory (2023) · cites this paper as [50]
There have long been failures to replicate some of the basic effects seen in the TMT literature.
“There have also long been failures to replicate some of the basic effects seen in TMT literature [e.g., Ochsman, personal communication, cited in 27], even with meticulous methods, faithful experimental conditions, and enviable sample sizes [31, 32, 47–50].”
From Not so terrifying after all? A set of failed replications of the mortality salience effects of Terror Management Theory (2023) · cites this paper as [50]
These conceptual replications, among others, were inconsistently successful, especially in more recent studies.
“In other words, these “conceptual replications,” among others, were inconsistently successful, especially in more recent studies [30, 50].”
From Not so terrifying after all? A set of failed replications of the mortality salience effects of Terror Management Theory (2023) · cites this paper as [50]
Other failures to replicate also included young and/or undergraduate samples.
“However, other failures to replicate also included young and/or undergraduate samples [47–50].”
From Not so terrifying after all? A set of failed replications of the mortality salience effects of Terror Management Theory (2023) · cites this paper as [50]
Schindler et al. (2021) found no evidence for expected mortality salience effects in two lab studies and one highly powered online study (N = 1,356); an internal meta-analysis revealed a small, nonsignificant effect of mortality salience.
“Schindler et al. (2021) tested the validity of the worldview defense hypothesis with conceptual replications. In two lab studies and one highly powered online study to detect even small effects (N = 1,356), no evidence was found for the expected MS effects. An internal meta-analysis revealed a small, nonsignificant effect of MS.”
From Do Salient Social Norms Moderate Mortality Salience Effects? A (Challenging) Meta-Analysis of Terror Management Studies (2023) · cites this paper as Schindler et al., 2021
According to previous research, one such social norm could be honesty, given that the rule of not lying can be seen as universal.
“According to previous research, one such social norm could be honesty, given that the rule of not lying can be seen as universal (Schindler et al., 2021; Schindler, Reinhard, et al., 2019).”
From Do Salient Social Norms Moderate Mortality Salience Effects? A (Challenging) Meta-Analysis of Terror Management Studies (2023) · cites this paper as Schindler et al., 2021
Analyses of the time participants spent in the experimental conditions and of the quality of their answers did not moderate the null finding of the MS manipulation.
“For example, analyses of the time participants spent in the experimental conditions and of the quality of their answers did not moderate the null finding of the MS manipulation (Schindler et al., 2021, preregistered Study 3).”
From Do Salient Social Norms Moderate Mortality Salience Effects? A (Challenging) Meta-Analysis of Terror Management Studies (2023) · cites this paper as Schindler et al., 2021
This first requires knowledge about participants' worldviews and whether the investigated social norms are perceived as relevant and in line with the majority of a salient ingroup.
“This first requires knowledge about participants’ worldviews (Schindler et al., 2021) and whether the investigated social norms are perceived as relevant and in line with the majority of a salient ingroup.”
From Do Salient Social Norms Moderate Mortality Salience Effects? A (Challenging) Meta-Analysis of Terror Management Studies (2023) · cites this paper as Schindler et al., 2021
Among the 3 non-replications, one had findings in the same direction as predicted, while the other two yielded mixed results across various hypotheses and moderators.
“Among the 3 that did not replicate, the findings were in the same direction as predicted in one of the studies (Rodrigues-Ferreiro et al., 2019) whereas the other two yielded mixed results across various hypotheses and moderators (Sætrevik & Sjåstad, 2019; Schindler et al., 2021).”
From Managing the terror of publication bias: A comprehensive p-curve analysis of the Terror Management Theory literature (2023) · cites this paper as Schindler et al., 2021
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“Given that most of these studies applied the classic MS paradigm (see Schindler et al., 2021), many MS effects on worldview defense can thus be seen as conceptually replicated.”
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- Authors
- Schindler, S., Reinhardt, N., & Reinhard, M.-A.
- Affiliations
- University of Kassel (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Schindler, Simon
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 93
- Pages
- 104087
- ISSN
- 0022-1031 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3115493278
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 6.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universität Kassel
- American Psychological Association
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (ID SCHI 1341/2-1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Keywords
- terror management theory, mortality salience, worldview defense, replication failure, Bayesian analysis, meta-analysis, pre-registered study
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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