Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: A position statement based on the EASL Special Conference 2013

Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance

Magiorakos, A.-P., Srinivasan, A., Carey, R. B., Carmeli, Y., Falagas, M. E., Giske, C. G., Harbarth, S., Hindler, J. F., Kahlmeter, G., Olsson-Liljequist, B., et al. (2012) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x · Cited by 14,449

Definitions for Sepsis and Organ Failure and Guidelines for the Use of Innovative Therapies in Sepsis

Bone, R. C., BALK, R. A., Cerra, F. B., Dellinger, R. P., Fein, A. M., Knaus, W. A., Schein, R. M. H., & Sibbald, W. J. (1992) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.101.6.1644 · Cited by 13,317

Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

Dellinger, R. P., Levy, M. M., Rhodes, A., Annane, D., Gerlach, H., Opal, S. M., Sevransky, J. E., Sprung, C. L., Douglas, I. S., Jaeschke, R., et al. (2013) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e31827e83af · Cited by 9,694

Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock, 2012

Dellinger, R. P., Levy, M. M., Rhodes, A., Annane, D., Gerlach, H., Opal, S. M., Sevransky, J., Sprung, C. L., Douglas, I. S., Jaeschke, R., et al. (2013) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-012-2769-8 · Cited by 7,371

Acute-Phase Proteins and Other Systemic Responses to Inflammation

Gabay, C., & Kushner, I. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199902113400607 · Cited by 6,734

Interactions Between the Microbiota and the Immune System

Hooper, L. V., Littman, D. R., & Macpherson, A. J. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1223490 · Cited by 4,173

Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Is a Distinct Syndrome That Develops in Patients With Acute Decompensation of Cirrhosis

Moreau, R., Jalan, R., Ginès, P., Pavesi, M., Angeli, P., Córdoba, J., Durand, F., Gustot, T., Saliba, F., Domenicali, M., et al. (2013) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.02.042 · Cited by 3,041

Revising consensus in portal hypertension: Report of the Baveno V consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension

de Franchis, R. (2010) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.06.004 · Cited by 2,291

Obesity-induced gut microbial metabolite promotes liver cancer through senescence secretome

Yoshimoto, S., Loo, T. M., Atarashi, K., Kanda, H., Sato, S., Oyadomari, S., Iwakura, Y., Oshima, K., Morita, H., Hattori, M., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12347 · Cited by 2,219

TLR4 enhances TGF-β signaling and hepatic fibrosis

Seki, E., De Minicis, S., Österreicher, C. H., Kluwe, J., Osawa, Y., Brenner, D. A., & Schwabe, R. F. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1663 · Cited by 1,942

EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis

(2010) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.05.004 · Cited by 1,738

Disease Tolerance as a Defense Strategy

Medzhitov, R., Schneider, D. S., & Soares, M. P. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1214935 · Cited by 1,718

Effect of Intravenous Albumin on Renal Impairment and Mortality in Patients with Cirrhosis and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

Sort, P., Navasa, M., Arroyo, V., Aldeguer, X., Planas, R., Ruíz-del-Árbol, L., Castells, L., Vargas, V., Soriano, G., Guevara, M., et al. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199908053410603 · Cited by 1,636

The Antibacterial Lectin RegIIIγ Promotes the Spatial Segregation of Microbiota and Host in the Intestine

Vaishnava, S., Yamamoto, M., Severson, K. M., Ruhn, K. A., Yu, X., Koren, O., Ley, R., Wakeland, E. K., & Hooper, L. V. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1209791 · Cited by 1,412

Rifaximin Treatment in Hepatic Encephalopathy

Bass, N. M., Mullen, K. D., Sanyal, A., Poordad, F., Neff, G., Leevy, C. B., Sigal, S., Sheikh, M. Y., Beavers, K., Frederick, T., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0907893 · Cited by 1,300

Procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker for sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Wacker, C., Prkno, A., Brunkhorst, F. M., & Schlattmann, P. (2013) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(12)70323-7 · Cited by 1,198

Infections in Patients With Cirrhosis Increase Mortality Four-Fold and Should Be Used in Determining Prognosis

Arvaniti, V., D’Amico, G., Fede, G., Manousou, P., Tsochatzis, E. A., Pleguezuelo, M., & Burroughs, A. K. (2010) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.06.019 · Cited by 1,179

Regulation of antibacterial defense in the small intestine by the nuclear bile acid receptor

Inagaki, T., Moschetta, A., Lee, Y.-K., Peng, L., Zhao, G., Downes, M., Yu, R. T., Shelton, J. M., Richardson, J. A., Repa, J. J., et al. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0509592103 · Cited by 1,164

Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document

Rimola, A., García–Tsao, G., Navasa, M., Piddock, L. J. V., Planas, R., Bernard‐Chabert, B., & Inadomi, J. M. (2000) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(00)80201-9 · Cited by 1,058

Characterization of fecal microbial communities in patients with liver cirrhosis

Chen, Y., Yang, F., Lu, H., Wang, B., Chen, Y., Lei, D., Wang, Y., Zhu, B., & Li, L. (2011) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.24423 · Cited by 1,038

Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: Epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis

Fernández, J., Navasa, M., Gómez, J., Colmenero, J., Vila, J., Arroyo, V., & Rodés, J. (2002) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2002.30082 · Cited by 954

Liver: An organ with predominant innate immunity

Gao, B., Jeong, W.-I., & Tian, Z. (2008) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22034 · Cited by 952

Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of corticosteroid insufficiency in critically ill adult patients: Consensus statements from an international task force by the American College of Critical Care Medicine

Marik, P. E., Pastores, S. M., Annane, D., Meduri, G. U., Sprung, C. L., Arlt, W., Keh, D., Briegel, J., Beishuizen, A., Dimopoulou, I., et al. (2008) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e31817603ba · Cited by 912

Multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria: the role of high-risk clones in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance

Woodford, N., Turton, J. F., & Livermore, D. M. (2011) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00268.x · Cited by 881

Translocation of Certain Indigenous Bacteria from the Gastrointestinal Tract to the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes and Other Organs in a Gnotobiotic Mouse Model

Berg, R. D., & Garlington, A. W. (1979) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.23.2.403-411.1979 · Cited by 845

Antibiotic Prophylaxis for the Prevention of Bacterial Infections in Cirrhotic Patients With Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Meta–Analysis

Bernard‐Chabert, B., Grangé, J., Khac, E. N., Amiot, X., Opolon, P., & Poynard, T. (1999) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510290608 · Cited by 823

Enteric dysbiosis associated with a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease

Yan, A. W., Fouts, D. E., Brandl, J., Stärkel, P., Torralba, M., Schott, E., Tsukamoto, H., Nelson, K. E., Brenner, D. A., & Schnabl, B. (2011) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.24018 · Cited by 791

Introduction to the revised American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Guideline management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis 2012

Runyon, B. A. (2013) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.26359 · Cited by 776

Colonic microbiome is altered in alcoholism

Mutlu, E. A., Gillevet, P. M., Rangwala, H., Sikaroodi, M., Naqvi, A., Engen, P. A., Kwasny, M., Lau, C. K., & Keshavarzian, A. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00380.2011 · Cited by 775

Primary Prophylaxis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Delays Hepatorenal Syndrome and Improves Survival in Cirrhosis

Fernández, J., Navasa, M., Planas, R., Montoliu, S., Monfort, D., Soriano, G., Vila, C., Pardo, A., Quintero, E., Vargas, V., et al. (2007) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.065 · Cited by 709

Acute-on chronic liver failure

Jalan, R., Ginès, P., Olson, J. C., Mookerjee, R. P., Moreau, R., García–Tsao, G., Arroyo, V., & Kamath, P. S. (2012) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.06.026 · Cited by 674

Norfloxacin prevents spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence in cirrhosis: Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Ginés, P., Rimola, A., Planas, R., Vargas, V., Marco, F., Almela, M., Forne, M., Miranda, M. L., Llach, J., Salmerón, J. M., et al. (1990) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840120416 · Cited by 627

Prevalence and risk factors of infections by multiresistant bacteria in cirrhosis: A prospective study

Fernández, J., Acevedo, J., Castro, M., Garcia, O., de Lope, C. R., Roca, D., Pavesi, M., Sola, E., Moreira, L., Silva, A., et al. (2012) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.25532 · Cited by 620

Role of the Commensal Microbiota in Normal and Pathogenic Host Immune Responses

Littman, D. R., & Pamer, E. G. (2011) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2011.10.004 · Cited by 568

Inactivation of Kupffer cells prevents early alcohol-induced liver injury

Adachi, Y., Bradford, B. U., Gao, W., Bojes, H. K., & Thurman, R. G. (1994) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840200227 · Cited by 555

Procalcitonin for diagnosis of infection and guide to antibiotic decisions: past, present and future

Schüetz, P., Albrich, W. C., & Müeller, B. (2011) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-9-107 · Cited by 543

Patients with acute on chronic liver failure display ‘sepsis-like’ immune paralysis

Wasmuth, H. E., Kunz, D., Yagmur, E., Timmer-Stranghöner, A., Vidacek, D., Siewert, E., Bach, J., Geier, A., Purucker, E. A., Gressner, A. M., et al. (2004) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2004.10.019 · Cited by 542

Colonic mucosal microbiome differs from stool microbiome in cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy and is linked to cognition and inflammation

Bajaj, J. S., Hylemon, P. B., Ridlon, J. M., Heuman, D. M., Daita, K., White, M. B., Monteith, P., Noble, N. A., Sikaroodi, M., & Gillevet, P. M. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00152.2012 · Cited by 530

Albumin: Pathophysiologic basis of its role in the treatment of cirrhosis and its complications

García‐Martínez, R., Caraceni, P., Bernardi, M., Ginès, P., Arroyo, V., & Jalan, R. (2013) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.26338 · Cited by 471

Norfloxacin vs Ceftriaxone in the Prophylaxis of Infections in Patients With Advanced Cirrhosis and Hemorrhage

Fernández, J., Arbol, L. R. D., Gómez, C., Durández, R., Serradilla, R., Guarner, C., Planas, R., Arroyo, V., & Navasa, M. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.07.010 · Cited by 456

Severe sepsis in cirrhosis†

Gustot, T., Durand, F., Lebrec, D., Vincent, J., & Moreau, R. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23264 · Cited by 445

Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: Relationship with the development of renal impairment and mortality

Navasa, M., Follo, A., Filella, X., Jiménez, W., Francitorra, A., Planas, R., Rimola, A., Arroyo, V., & Rodés, J. (1998) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510270507 · Cited by 429

Management of bacterial infections in cirrhosis

Fernández, J., & Gustot, T. (2012) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(12)60002-6 · Cited by 382

Neutrophil dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis superimposed on cirrhosis is reversible and predicts the outcome

Mookerjee, R. P., Stadlbauer, V., Lidder, S., Wright, G. A. K., Hodges, S. J., Davies, N. A., & Jalan, R. (2007) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.21737 · Cited by 332

Non-selective betablocker therapy decreases intestinal permeability and serum levels of LBP and IL-6 in patients with cirrhosis

Reiberger, T., Ferlitsch, A., Payer, B. A., Mandorfer, M., Heinisch, B. B., Hayden, H., Lammert, F., Trauner, M. A., Peck‐Radosavljevic, M., & Vogelsang, H. (2012) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.12.011 · Cited by 328

Cirrhotic Patients Are at Risk for Health Care–Associated Bacterial Infections

Merli, M., Lucidi, C., Giannelli, V., Giusto, M., Riggio, O., Falcone, M., Ridola, L., Attili, A. F., & Venditti, M. (2010) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2010.06.024 · Cited by 323

Oral bile acids reduce bacterial overgrowth, bacterial translocation, and endotoxemia in cirrhotic rats

Lorenzo-Zúñiga, V., Bartolí, R., Planas, R., Hofmann, A. F., Viñado, B., Hagey, L. R., Hernández, J. M., Mañé, J., Alvarez, M. A., Ausina, V., et al. (2003) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2003.50116 · Cited by 321

Norfloxacin prevents bacterial infection in cirrhotics with gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Soriano, G., Guarner, C., Tomás, A., Villanueva, C., Torras, X., González, D., Sáinz, S., Anguera, A., Cussó, X., Balanzó, J., et al. (1992) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(92)91514-5 · Cited by 314

Short-course versus long-course antibiotic treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Runyon, B. A., McHutchison, J. G., Antillon, M. R., Akriviadis, E. A., & Montano, A. A. (1991) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(91)90677-d · Cited by 309

Natural killer cells in liver disease

Tian, Z., Chen, Y., & Gao, B. (2012) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.26115 · Cited by 306

Cirrhosis as a Risk Factor for Sepsis and Death

Foreman, M. G., Mannino, D. M., & Moss, M. (2003) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.124.3.1016 · Cited by 301

Adrenal insufficiency in patients with cirrhosis and septic shock: Effect of treatment with hydrocortisone on survival

Fernández, J., Escorsell, À., Zabalza, M., Felipe, V., Navasa, M., Mas, A., Lacy, A. M., Ginès, P., & Arroyo, V. (2006) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.21352 · Cited by 292

Adrenal insufficiency in patients with cirrhosis, severe sepsis and septic shock†

Tsai, M., Peng, Y., Chen, Y., Liu, N.-J., Ho, Y., Fang, J., Lien, J., Yang, C., Chen, P., & Wu, C. (2006) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.21101 · Cited by 288

Bacterial infection in the pathogenesis of variceal bleeding

Goulis, J., Patch, D., & Burroughs, A. K. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)06020-6 · Cited by 286

Model for end-stage liver disease score and systemic inflammatory response are major prognostic factors in patients with cirrhosis and acute functional renal failure

Thabut, D., Massard, J., Gangloff, A., Carbonell, N., Francoz, C., Nguyen-Khac, É., Duhamel, C., Lebrec, D., Poynard, T., & Moreau, R. (2007) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.21920 · Cited by 278

Antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Chavez-Tapia, N., Barrientos-Gutiérrez, T., Téllez-Ávila, F., Soares-Weiser, K., & Uribe, M. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002907.pub2 · Cited by 276

Both donor and recipient NOD2/CARD15 mutations associate with transplant-related mortality and GvHD following allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Holler, E., Rogler, G., Herfarth, H. H., Brenmoehl, J., Wild, P. J., Hahn, J. R., Eißner, G., Schölmerich, J., & Andreesen, R. (2004) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2003-10-3543 · Cited by 272

Effect of propranolol on the factors promoting bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats with ascites

Pérez-Paramo, M., Muñoz, J., Albillos, A., Freile, I., Portero, F., Santos, M., & Ortiz-Berrocal, J. (2000) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510310109 · Cited by 271

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with cirrhosis: prevalence and relation with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Bauer, T., Steinbrückner, B., Brinkmann, F., Ditzen, A. K., Schwacha, H., Aponte, J. J., Pelz, K., Kist, M., & Blum, H. E. (2001) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.04668.x · Cited by 266

Small Intestine Dysmotility and Bacterial Overgrowth in Cirrhotic Patients With Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

Chang, C., Chen, G., Lien, H., & Yeh, H. (1998) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510280504 · Cited by 261

Renal Failure in Patients With Cirrhosis and Sepsis Unrelated to Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: Value of MELD Score

Terra, C., Guevara, M., Torre, A., Gilabert, R., Fernández, J., Martín–Llahí, M., Baccaro, M. E., Navasa, M., Bru, C., Arroyo, V., et al. (2005) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.09.024 · Cited by 254

A Randomized Unblinded Pilot Study Comparing Albumin Versus Hydroxyethyl Starch in Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis * #

Fernández, J., Monteagudo, J., Bargalló, X., Jiménez, W., Bosch, J., Arroyo, V., & Navasa, M. (2005) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.20829 · Cited by 246

Small bowel bacterial overgrowth in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis

Morencos, F. C., Castano, G. D. L. H., Ramos, L. M., Arias, M. J. L., Ledesma, F., & Romero, F. P. (1996) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf02282340 · Cited by 246

The systemic inflammatory response syndrome in cirrhotic patients: Relationship with their in-hospital outcome

Cazzaniga, M., Dionigi, E., Gobbo, G. F. D., Fioretti, A., Monti, V., & Salerno, F. (2009) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.04.017 · Cited by 234

Low-dose hydrocortisone in patients with cirrhosis and septic shock: a randomized controlled trial

Arabi, Y. M., Aljumah, A. A., Dabbagh, O. C., Tamim, H., Rishu, A. H., Al‐Abdulkareem, A., Knawy, B. A., Hajeer, A. H., Tamimi, W., & Cherfan, A. J. (2010) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.090707 · Cited by 211

Hepatic inflammation in rats with experimental small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Lichtman, S. N., Sartor, R. B., Keku, J., & Schwab, J. H. (1990) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(90)90833-m · Cited by 209

Broad-Range 16S rRNA Gene Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosis of Culture-Negative Bacterial Infections

Rampini, S. K., Bloemberg, G. V., Keller, P. M., Büchler, A., Dollenmaier, G., Speck, R. F., & Böttger, E. C. (2011) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cir692 · Cited by 209

Albumin for bacterial infections other than spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis. A randomized, controlled study

Guevara, M., Terra, C., Nazar, A., Solà, E., Fernández, J., Pavesi, M., Arroyo, V., & Ginès, P. (2012) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.06.013 · Cited by 207

Intestinal bacterial translocation in rats with cirrhosis is related to compromised paneth cell antimicrobial host defense

Teltschik, Z., Wiest, R., Beisner, J., Nuding, S., Hofmann, C., Schöelmerich, J., Bevins, C. L., Stange, E. F., & Wehkamp, J. (2011) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.24789 · Cited by 196

Evidence of neutrophil functional defect despite inflammation in stable cirrhosis

Tritto, G., Bechlis, Z., Stadlbauer, V., Davies, N. A., Francés, R., Shah, N. K., Mookerjee, R. P., Such, J. M., & Jalan, R. (2011) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.034 · Cited by 195

C-Reactive protein predicts short-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis

Cervoni, J., Thévenot, T., Weil, D., Muel, E., Barbot, O., Sheppard, F., Monnet, É., & Martino, V. D. (2012) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.12.030 · Cited by 193

Systemic Antibiotic Therapy Prevents Bacterial Infection in Cirrhotic Patients With Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

Blaise, M., Pateron, D., Trinchet, J., Levacher, S., Beaugrand, M., & Pourriat, J.-L. (1994) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840200107 · Cited by 189

Rifaximin: a unique gastrointestinal-selective antibiotic for enteric diseases

Koo, H. L., & DuPont, H. L. (2010) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mog.0b013e328333dc8d · Cited by 189 · cited 1×

Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 plasma levels in infected cirrhotic patients

Byl, B., Roucloux, I., Crusiaux, A., Dupont, É., & Devière, J. (1993) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(93)90361-f · Cited by 187

Excessive In Vitro Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide–Induced Production of Monokines in Cirrhosis

Deviere, J. M. E., Content, J., Denys, C. H., Vandenbussche, P., Schandené, L., Wybran, J., & Dupont, É. (1990) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840110416 · Cited by 183

The spectrum of renal lesions in patients with cirrhosis: a clinicopathological study

Trawale, J., Paradis, V., Rautou, P., Francoz, C., Escolano, S., Sallée, M., Durand, F., Valla, D. C., Lebrec, D., & Moreau, R. (2009) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02182.x · Cited by 183

Clinical Significance and Outcome of Nosocomial Acquisition of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

Cheong, H. S., Kang, C., Lee, J. A., Moon, S. Y., Joung, M. K., Chung, D. R., Koh, K. C., Lee, N. Y., Song, J., & Peck, K. R. (2009) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/597585 · Cited by 178

Activated intestinal macrophages in patients with cirrhosis release NO and IL-6 that may disrupt intestinal barrier function

du Plessis, J., Vanheel, H., Janssen, C., Roos, L., Slavík, T., Stivaktas, P. I., Nieuwoudt, M., van Wyk, S. G., Vieira, W. A., Pretorius, E., et al. (2013) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.01.038 · Cited by 178

Effect of cisapride on intestinal bacterial overgrowth and bacterial translocation in cirrhosis

Pardo, A., Bartolí, R., Lorenzo-Zúñiga, V., Planas, R., Viñado, B., Riba, J., Cabré, E., Santos, J., Luque, T., Ausina, V., et al. (2000) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/he.2000.5746 · Cited by 177

Nosocomial Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Bacteremia in Cirrhotic Patients: Impact of Isolate Type on Prognosis and Characteristics of Infection

Campillo, B., Richardet, J. P., Kheo, T., & Dupeyron, C. (2002) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/340617 · Cited by 177

Risk of a first community-acquired spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotics with low ascitic fluid protein levels

Guarner, C., Sola, R. L., Soriano, G., Andreu, M. G., Novella, M. T., Vila, M. C., Sàbat, M., Coll, S., Ortiz, J., Gómez, C., et al. (1999) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.1999.0029900414 · Cited by 172

Altered intestinal tight junctions’ expression in patients with liver cirrhosis: a pathogenetic mechanism of intestinal hyperpermeability

Assimakopoulos, S. F., Tsamandas, A. C., Tsiaoussis, G. I., Karatza, E., Triantos, C. K., Vagianos, C., Spiliopoulou, I. T., Kaltezioti, V., CHARONIS, A. S., Nikolopoulou, V. N., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02609.x · Cited by 166

The role of bacteria and pattern-recognition receptors in Crohn's disease

Man, S. M., Kaakoush, N. O., & Mitchell, H. M. (2011) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2011.3 · Cited by 166

Impaired Function of Macrophage Fcγ Receptors and Bacterial Infection in Alcoholic Cirrhosis

Gomez, F., Ruiz, P., & Schreiber, A. D. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199410273311704 · Cited by 165

Antimicrobial therapeutic determinants of outcomes from septic shock among patients with cirrhosis

Arabi, Y. M., Dara, S. I., Memish, Z. A., Abdulkareem, A., Tamim, H., Shirawi, N., Parrillo, J. E., Dodek, P., Lapinsky, S. E., Feinstein, D., et al. (2012) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.25931 · Cited by 159

Long-Term Treatment With Cisapride and Antibiotics in Liver Cirrhosis: Effect on Small Intestinal Motility, Bacterial Overgrowth, and Liver Function

Madrid, A. M., Hurtado, C., Venegas, M., Cumsille, F., & Defilippi, C. (2001) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03636.x · Cited by 158

High Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections Among Patients With Cirrhosis at a US Liver Center

Tandon, P., DeLisle, A., Topal, J. E., & Garcia–Tsao, G. (2012) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2012.08.017 · Cited by 158

Use of broad range16S rDNA PCR in clinical microbiology

Sontakke, S., Cadenas, M. B., Maggi, R. G., Diniz, P. P. V. D. P., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2008) · Journal of Microbiological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2008.11.002 · Cited by 156

Risk factors for resistance to ceftriaxone and its impact on mortality in community, healthcare and nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Ariza, X., Castellote, J., Lora-Tamayo, J., Girbau, A., Salord, S., Rota, R., Ariza, J., & Xiol, X. (2011) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.11.010 · Cited by 154

Small‐intestinal bacterial overgrowth in cirrhosis is related to the severity of liver disease

PANDE, C., KUMAR, A., & SARIN, S. K. (2009) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.03994.x · Cited by 152

Endotoxemia contributes to the immune paralysis in patients with cirrhosis

Lin, C.-Y., Tsai, I.-F., Ho, Y.-P., Huang, C.-T., Lin, Y.-C., Lin, C.-J., Tseng, S.-C., Lin, W.-P., Chen, W.-T., & Sheen, I.-S. (2007) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2006.12.018 · Cited by 145

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha expression by activated monocytes and altered T-cell homeostasis in ascitic alcoholic cirrhosis: amelioration with norfloxacin

Albillos, A., de la Hera, A., Reyes, E., Monserrat, J., Muñoz, L., Nieto, M., I, A. P., Sanz, E., & Álvarez‐Mon, M. (2004) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2003.12.010 · Cited by 143

Relative adrenal insufficiency in decompensated cirrhosis: Relationship to short-term risk of severe sepsis, hepatorenal syndrome, and death

Acevedo, J., Fernández, J., Prado, V., Silva, A., Castro, M., Pavesi, M., Roca, D., Jiménez, W., Ginès, P., & Arroyo, V. (2013) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.26535 · Cited by 141

Effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 and antioxidants on intestinal flora and bacterial translocation in rats with experimental cirrhosis

Chiva, M., Soriano, G., Rochat, I., Peralta, C., Rochat, F., Llovet, T., Mirelis, B., Schiffrin, E. J., Guarner, C., & Balanzó, J. (2002) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(02)00142-3 · Cited by 139

Adrenocortical dysfunction in liver disease: A systematic review

Fede, G., Spadaro, L., Tomaselli, T., Privitera, G., Germani, G., Tsochatzis, E. A., Thomas, M., Bouloux, P.-M. G., Burroughs, A. K., & Purrello, F. (2012) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.25573 · Cited by 134

Nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) variants are genetic risk factors for death and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis†

Appenrodt, B., Grünhage, F., Gentemann, M., Thyssen, L., Sauerbruch, T., & Lammert, F. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23440 · Cited by 133

Small bowel bacterial overgrowth in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis

Morencos, F. C., Castano, G. D. L. H., Ramos, L. M., Arias, M. J. L., Ledesma, F., & Romero, F. P. (1995) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf02065533 · Cited by 132

Coagulation disorders in patients with cirrhosis and severe sepsis

Plessier, A., Denninger, M., Consigny, Y., Pessione, F., Francoz, C., Durand, F., Francque, S., Bezeaud, A., Chauvelot‐Moachon, L., Lebrec, D., et al. (2003) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2003.00870.x · Cited by 124

Serum levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in critically ill patients with cirrhosis of the liver

Bota, D. P., Nuffelen, M. V., Zakariah, A. N., & Vincent, J. (2005) · Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.lab.2005.08.005 · Cited by 123

Failure of Current Antibiotic First-Line Regimens and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

Umgelter, A., Reindl, W., Miedaner, M., Schmid, R. M., & Huber, W. (2009) · Infection · doi:10.1007/s15010-008-8060-9 · Cited by 121

Rapid and accurate identification of genomic species from the Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) group by MALDI-TOF MS

Espinal, P., Seifert, H., Dijkshoorn, L., Vilà, J., & Roca, I. (2011) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03696.x · Cited by 116

Role of defective monocyte interleukin-10 release in tumor necrosis factor-alpha overproduction in alcoholic cirrhosis

Moine, O. L., Marchant, A., Groote, D. D., Azar, C., Goldman, M., & Deviere, J. M. E. (1995) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840220516 · Cited by 113

Failure of Lactobacillus spp. to prevent bacterial translocation in a rat model of experimental cirrhosis

Bauer, T., Fernández, J., Navasa, M., Vilà, J., & Rodés, J. (2002) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(02)00003-x · Cited by 110

Decreased natural killer cytotoxic activity in chronic alcoholism is associated with alcohol liver disease but not active ethanol consumption

Laso, F. J., Madruga, J., Giron, J. A., Lopez, A., Ciudad, J., Miguel, J. F. S., Álvarez‐Mon, M., & Orfao, A. (1997) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510250508 · Cited by 108

Dysfunctional B-cell activation in cirrhosis resulting from hepatitis C infection associated with disappearance of CD27-Positive B-cell population

Doi, H., Iyer, T. K., Carpenter, E. L., Li, H., Chang, K., Vonderheide, R. H., & Kaplan, D. E. (2011) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.24689 · Cited by 106

Acute phase proteins in the diagnosis and prediction of cirrhosis associated bacterial infections

Papp, M., Vitális, Z., Altorjay, I., Tornai, I., Udvardy, M., Hársfalvi, J., Vida, A., Kappelmayer, J., Lakatos, P. L., & Antal‐Szalmás, P. (2011) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02689.x · Cited by 105

Efficacy of current guidelines for the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in the clinical practice

Angeloni, S., Leboffe, C., Parente, A., Venditti, M., Giordano, A., Merli, M., & Riggio, O. (2008) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.14.2757 · Cited by 104

Infectious Complications of Acute and Chronic Liver Disease

Leber, B., Spindelboeck, W., & Stadlbauer, V. (2012) · Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0032-1301737 · Cited by 103

Upregulation of TNF-alpha production signaling pathways in monocytes from patients with advanced cirrhosis: Possible role of Akt and IRAK-M

Tazi, K. A., Quioc, J., Saada, V., Bezeaud, A., Lebrec, D., & Moreau, R. (2006) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2006.02.013 · Cited by 101

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 promoter and intron 2 polymorphisms are associated with increased risk for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis

Nischalke, H. D., Berger, C., Aldenhoff, K., Thyssen, L., Gentemann, M., Grünhage, F., Lammert, F., Nattermann, J., Sauerbruch, T., Spengler, U., et al. (2011) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.02.022 · Cited by 100

Serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein prediction of severe bacterial infection in cirrhotic patients with ascites

Albillos, A., de-la-Hera, A., & Álvarez‐Mon, M. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16206-5 · Cited by 98

Increased risk of cognitive impairment in cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections

Merli, M., Lucidi, C., Pentassuglio, I., Giannelli, V., Giusto, M., Gregorio, V. D., Pasquale, C., Nardelli, S., Lattanzi, B., Venditti, M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.03.012 · Cited by 98

The Role of Rifaximin in the Primary Prophylaxis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis

Hanouneh, M. A., Hanouneh, I. A., Hashash, J. G., Law, R. J., Esfeh, J. M., López, R., Hazratjee, N., Smith, T. H., & Zein, N. N. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e3182506dbb · Cited by 95

Clinical outcomes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiellaspecies: A retrospective matched case-control study

Song, K., Jeon, J. H., Park, W. B., Park, S., Kim, H. B., Oh, M., Lee, H.-S., Kim, N. J., & Choe, K. W. (2009) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/1471-2334-9-41 · Cited by 87

Reduced Hepatic Injury in Toll-Like Receptor 4–Deficient Mice Following D-Galactosamine/Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Fulminant Hepatic Failure

Ben‐Ari, Z., Avlas, O., Pappo, O., Zilbermints, V., Cheporko, Y., Bachmetov, L., Zemel, R. R., Shainberg, A., Sharon, E., Grief, F., et al. (2012) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000337585 · Cited by 86

Infection and inflammation in liver failure: Two sides of the same coin

Malik, R., Mookerjee, R. P., & Jalan, R. (2009) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.06.013 · Cited by 83

Management of Adult Patients with Ascites Due to Cirrhosis

Runyon, B. A. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23261 · Cited by 83

Gene- and exon-expression profiling reveals an extensive LPS-induced response in immune cells in patients with cirrhosis

Gandoura, S., Weiss, E., Rautou, P., Fasseu, M., Gustot, T., Lemoine, F., Hurtado-Nédelec, M., Hego, C., Vadrot, N., Elkrief, L., et al. (2013) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.12.025 · Cited by 79

Terlipressin inhibits in vivo aortic iNOS expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats with biliary cirrhosis

Moreau, R., Barrière, É., Tazi, K. A., Lardeux, B. R., Dargère, D., Urbanowicz, W., Poirel, O., Chauvelot‐Moachon, L., Guimont, M.-C., Bernuau, D., et al. (2002) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2002.36501 · Cited by 77

Diagnostic Performance of a Multiple Real-Time PCR Assay in Patients with Suspected Sepsis Hospitalized in an Internal Medicine Ward

Pasqualini, L., Mencacci, A., Leli, C., Montagna, P., Cardaccia, A., Cenci, E., Montecarlo, I., Pirro, M., di Filippo, F., Cistaro, E., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.06793-11 · Cited by 76

Assessment of adrenal function in cirrhotic patients using concentration of serum‐free and salivary cortisol

Thévenot, T., Borot, S., Rémy-Martin, A., Sapin, R., Cervoni, J., Richou, C., Vanlemmens, C., Cléau, D., Muel, E., Minello, A., et al. (2011) · Liver international (Print) · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02431.x · Cited by 75

Production of C-reactive protein in Escherichia coli-infected patients with liver dysfunction due to liver cirrhosis

Park, W. B., Lee, K.-D., Lee, C. S., Jang, H., Kim, H. B., Lee, H., Oh, M., & Choe, K. W. (2005) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2004.11.014 · Cited by 74

Longitudinal monocyte Human leukocyte antigen‐DR expression is a prognostic marker in critically ill patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis

Berres, M., Schnyder, B., Yagmur, E., Inglis, B., Stanzel, S. F., Tischendorf, J. J. W., Koch, A. H., Winograd, R., Trautwein, C., & Wasmuth, H. E. (2009) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01870.x · Cited by 73

Defective thymopoiesis and poor peripheral homeostatic replenishment of T-helper cells cause T-cell lymphopenia in cirrhosis

Lario, M., Muñoz, L., Cantera, M., Borrero, M.-J., Martínez, J., Monserrat, J., Díaz, D., Álvarez‐Mon, M., & Albillos, A. (2013) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.05.042 · Cited by 72

Ex vivo effects of high‐density lipoprotein exposure on the lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory response in patients with severe cirrhosis†

Galbois, A., Thabut, D., Tazi, K. A., Rudler, M., Mohammadi, M. S., Bonnefont‐Rousselot, D., Bennani, H., Bezeaud, A., Tellier, Z., Guichard, C., et al. (2008) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22582 · Cited by 72

Mesenteric Th1 polarization and monocyte TNF‐α production: First steps to systemic inflammation in rats with cirrhosis†

Muñoz, L., Albillos, A., Nieto, M., Reyes, E., Lledó, L., Monserrat, J., Sanz, E., de la Hera, A., & Alvarez‐Mon, M. (2005) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.20799 · Cited by 70 · cited 1×

Increased tumour necrosis factor production in mesenteric lymph nodes of cirrhotic patients with ascites

Genesca, J. (2003) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.52.7.1054 · Cited by 70

High-density lipoprotein administration attenuates liver proinflammatory response, restores liver endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, and lowers portal pressure in cirrhotic rats

Thabut, D., Tazi, K. A., Bonnefont‐Rousselot, D., Aller, M., Farges, O., Guimont, M.-C., Tellier, Z., Guichard, C., Ogier‐Denis, É., Poynard, T., et al. (2007) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.21875 · Cited by 69

NOD2 gene variants are a risk factor for culture‐positive spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and monomicrobial bacterascites in cirrhosis

Bruns, T., Peter, J., Reuken, P. A., Grabe, D. H., Schuldes, S., Brenmoehl, J., Schölmerich, J., Wiest, R., & Stallmach, A. (2011) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02561.x · Cited by 69

Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Mediating Multiorgan Dysfunction in Mice With Acetaminophen Induced Acute Liver Failure

Shah, N. K., de Oca, M. M., Jover‐Cobos, M., Tanamoto, K., Muroi, M., Sugiyama, K., Davies, N. A., Mookerjee, R. P., Dhar, D. K., & Jalan, R. (2013) · Liver Transplantation · doi:10.1002/lt.23655 · Cited by 67

Interaction between intestinal dendritic cells and bacteria translocated from the gut in rats with cirrhosis

Muñoz, L., Borrero, M. J., Cantera, M., Lario, M., Díaz, D., Francés, R., Monserrat, J., Pastor, Ó., Aguado-Fraile, E., Such, J. M., et al. (2012) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.25854 · Cited by 64

Nosocomial and Community-Acquired Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: Comparative Microbiology and Therapeutic Implications

Bert, F., Andreu, M., Durand, F., Degos, F., Galdbart, J., Moreau, R., Branger, C., Lambert-zechovsky, N., & Valla, D. C. (2003) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/s10096-002-0840-z · Cited by 62

Fecal calprotectin is a useful screening parameter for hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis

Gundling, F., Schmidtler, F., Hapfelmeier, A., Schulte, B., Schmidt, T., Pehl, C., Schepp, W., & Seidl, H. (2011) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02577.x · Cited by 61

Rifaximin Reduces Endotoxemia and Improves Liver Function and Disease Severity in Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis

Kalambokis, G. N., & Tsianos, E. V. (2011) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.24751 · Cited by 61

In vivo altered unfolded protein response and apoptosis in livers from lipopolysaccharide-challenged cirrhotic rats

Tazi, K. A., Bièche, I., Paradis, V., Guichard, C., Laurendeau, I., Dargère, D., Legrand, A., Fay, M., Pédruzzi, E., Robin, M., et al. (2007) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2007.01.034 · Cited by 60

Clinical Features and Prognosis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Korean Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Heo, J., Seo, Y. S., Yim, H. J., Hahn, T., Park, S. H., Ahn, S. H., Park, J. Y., Park, J. Y., Kim, M. Y., Park, S. K., et al. (2009) · Gut and Liver · doi:10.5009/gnl.2009.3.3.197 · Cited by 59

Acute‐phase proteins as indicators of bacterial infection in patients with cirrhosis

Tsiakalos, A., Karatzaferis, A., Ziakas, P. D., & Hatzis, G. S. (2009) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02088.x · Cited by 59

Early diagnosis of resistant pathogens

Bhattacharya, S. (2013) · Virulence · doi:10.4161/viru.23326 · Cited by 57

Genetic variants in the NOD2/CARD15 gene are associated with early mortality in sepsis patients

Brenmoehl, J., Herfarth, H. H., Glück, T., Audebert, F., Barlage, S., Schmitz, G., Froehlich, D., Schreiber, S., Hampe, J., Schölmerich, J., et al. (2007) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-007-0722-z · Cited by 56

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 involvement in the excessive proinflammatory response to LPS in patients with decompensated cirrhosis

Coant, N., Rudler, M., Gustot, T., Fasseu, M., Gandoura, S., Ragot, K., Abdel‐Razek, W., Thabut, D., Lettéron, P., Ogier‐Denis, É., et al. (2011) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.12.039 · Cited by 56

Prognostic Significance of Infection Acquisition Sites in Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: Nosocomial versus Community Acquired

Song, J. Y., Jung, S. J., Park, C. W., Sohn, J. W., Kim, W. J., Kim, M. J., & Cheong, H. J. (2006) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2006.21.4.666 · Cited by 55

Detection and typing of human papillomavirus in cervical carcinomas in Russian women

van Muyden, R. C. P. A., ter Harmsel, B. W. A., Smedts, F. M. M., Hermans, J., Kuijpers, J. C., Райхлин, Н. Т., Petrov, S., Lebedev, A., Ramaekers, F. C. S., Trimbos, J. B. M. Z., et al. (1999) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990501)85:9 · Cited by 54

Identification of Bacterial Pathogens in Ascitic Fluids from Patients with Suspected Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis by Use of Broad-Range PCR (16S PCR) Coupled with High-Resolution Melt Analysis

Hardick, J. P., Won, H. H., Jeng, K., Hsieh, Y., Gaydos, C. A., Rothman, R. E., & Yang, S. S. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.00345-12 · Cited by 50

Increased prevalence of intestinal inflammation in patients with liver cirrhosis

Saitoh, O. (1999) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v5.i5.391 · Cited by 46

Procalcitonin as a Biomarker for Bacterial Infections in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis in the Emergency Department

Li, C.-H., Yang, R., Pang, J. S., Chang, S.-S., Lin, C., Chen, C.-H., Chen, H., & Chiu, T. (2011) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00991.x · Cited by 45

Bacterial epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance in ascitic fluid: A 2-year retrospective study

Piroth, L., Péchinot, A., Minello, A., Jaulhac, B., Patry, I., Hadou, T., Hansmann, Y., Rabaud, C., Chavanet, P., & Neuwirth, C. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3109/00365540903244535 · Cited by 45

Role of host and bacterial virulence factors in Escherichia coli spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Cereto, F., Herranz, X., Moreno, E., Andreu, A., Vergara, M., Fontanals, D., Roget, M., Simó, M., González, A., Prats, G., et al. (2008) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0b013e3282fc7390 · Cited by 44

Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: A growing problem with significant implications

Fernández, J., & Arroyo, V. (2013) · Clinical Liver Disease · doi:10.1002/cld.169 · Cited by 41

High serum levels of free cortisol indicate severity of cirrhosis in hemodynamically stable patients

Thévenot, T., Dorin, R. I., Monnet, É., Qualls, C., Sapin, R., Grandclément, É., Borot, S., Sheppard, F., Weil, D., Degand, T., et al. (2012) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07188.x · Cited by 38

Increased intestinal permeability as a predictor of bacterial infections in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and hemorrhage

Kim, B. I., Kim, H. J., Park, J. H., Park, D. I., Cho, Y. K., Sohn, C. I., Jeon, W. K., Kim, H. S., & Kim, D. J. (2010) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06490.x · Cited by 37

Monocyte function in cirrhosis.

Holdstock, G., Leslie, B., Hill, S., Tanner, A. R., & Wright, R. (1982) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.35.9.972 · Cited by 37

A Recent Evaluation of Empirical Cephalosporin Treatment and Antibiotic Resistance of Changing Bacterial Profiles in Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

Yakar, T., Güçlü, M., Serin, E., & Alışkan, H. E. (2009) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-009-0825-1 · Cited by 36

Is detection of bacterial DNA in ascitic fluid of clinical relevance?

Appenrodt, B., Lehmann, L. E., Thyssen, L., Gentemann, M., Rabe, C., Molitor, E., Trebicka, J., Stuber, F. E., & Sauerbruch, T. (2010) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0b013e328340c43a · Cited by 34

Serum lactate level predict mortality in elderly patients with cirrhosis

Taş, A., Akbal, E., Beyazıt, Y., & Koçak, E. (2012) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-012-0208-z · Cited by 32

High-density lipoproteins reduce the effect of endotoxin on cytokine production and systemic hemodynamics in cirrhotic rats with ascites

Ramírez‐Lázaro, M. J., Ibáñez, Á., Navasa, M., Casals, E., Morales‐Ruiz, M., Jiménez, W., Arroyo, V., & Rodés, J. (2003) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2003.11.017 · Cited by 30

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

Piano, S. S., Romano, A., Rosi, S., Gatta, A., & Angeli, P. (2012) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0b013e328355d8a2 · Cited by 26

Brain magnetic resonance in experimental acute‐on‐chronic liver failure

Chavarria, L., Oria, M., Romero‐Giménez, J., Alonso, J., Lope‐Piedrafita, S., & Córdoba, J. (2012) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.12032 · Cited by 22

Uncovering the molecular events associated with increased intestinal permeability in liver cirrhosis: The pivotal role of enterocyte tight junctions and future perspectives

Assimakopoulos, S. F., & CHARONIS, A. S. (2013) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.06.031 · Cited by 19

The new epidemiology of nosocomial bacterial infections in cirrhosis: therapeutical implications

Acevedo, J., Silva, A., Prado, V., & Fernández, J. (2012) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-012-9396-x · Cited by 17

Protein array technology to investigate cytokine production by monocytes from patients with advanced alcoholic cirrhosis: An ex vivo pilot study

Tazi, K. A., Quioc, J., Abdel‐Razek, W., Tellier, Z., Guichard, C., Ogier‐Denis, É., Lebrec, D., & Moreau, R. (2009) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/j.1872-034x.2009.00498.x · Cited by 15

[220] INTRAVENOUS ALBUMIN IS NOT NECESSARY IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS AND LOW-RISK OF MORTALITY

Casas, M., Soriano, G., Ayala, E., Guarner, C., Ordás, Í., Mercé, J., Balanzó, J., & Guarner, C. (2007) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(07)61818-2 · Cited by 13

Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM): An even better prognostic biomarker than C-reactive protein to predict short-term survival in patients with decompensated cirrhosis at risk of infection?

Reuken, P. A., Kiehntopf, M., Stallmach, A., & Bruns, T. (2012) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.06.036 · Cited by 11

606 CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND D299G AND/OR T399I TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 POLYMORPHISMS

Soriano, G., Sánchez, E., Nieto, J. C., Román, E. M., Vidal, S., Oliva, L., Guarner, C., Poca, M., Torras, X., Juárez, C., et al. (2013) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(13)60608-x · Cited by 2

[Is D-lactate assay useful for the diagnosis of ascitic infection in patients with liver cirrhosis?].

Pelletier, G., Brivet, M., Ducreux, M. P., Briantais, M. J., Lemonnier, A., & Etienne, J. P. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 2

Changes of Intestinal Functions in Liver Cirrhosis

Fukui, H., & Wiest, R. (2016) · Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases · doi:10.1159/000444436 · Cited by 6,820

EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis

Angeli, P., Bernardi, M., Villanueva, C., Francoz, C., Mookerjee, R. P., Trebicka, J., Krag, A. A., Laleman, W., & Ginès, P. (2018) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024 · Cited by 3,033

Liver cirrhosis

Ginès, P., Krag, A., Abraldes, J. G., Solà, E., Fabrellas, N., & Kamath, P. S. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01374-x · Cited by 1,663

Liver Macrophages in Tissue Homeostasis and Disease

Krenkel, O., & Tacke, F. (2017) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2017.11 · Cited by 1,424

Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: Distinctive features and clinical relevance

Albillos, A., Lario, M., & Álvarez-Mon, M. (2014) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.08.010 · Cited by 1,242

Bacterial Infection in Patients with Cirrhosis: Don’t Get Bugged to Death

Cannon, M. D., Martin, P. B., & Carrion, A. F. (2019) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-019-05943-6 · Cited by 21

Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: A critical review and practical guidance

Bunchorntavakul, C., Chamroonkul, N., & Chavalitdhamrong, D. (2016) · World Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.4254/wjh.v8.i6.307 · Cited by 227

Infections related morbidity and mortality in the cirrhosis of the liver

Krasniqi, A. (2020)

Acute-on-chronic liver failure due to bacterial infection in liver cirrhosis: causes and management

Han, T. (2015) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2015.09.012

Infections in cirrhosis

Piano, S. S., Bunchorntavakul, C., Marciano, S., & Reddy, K. R. (2024) · The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00078-5 · Cited by 95