Colonic microbiome is altered in alcoholism
Open accessAbstract
Several studies indicate the importance of colonic microbiota in metabolic and inflammatory disorders and importance of diet on microbiota composition. The effects of alcohol, one of the prominent components of diet, on colonic bacterial composition is largely unknown. Mounting evidence suggests that gut-derived bacterial endotoxins are cofactors for alcohol-induced tissue injury and organ failure like alcoholic liver disease (ALD) that only occur in a subset of alcoholics. We hypothesized that chronic alcohol consumption results in alterations of the gut microbiome in a subgroup of alcoholics, and this may be responsible for the observed inflammatory state and endotoxemia in alcoholics. Thus we interrogated the mucosa-associated colonic microbiome in 48 alcoholics with and without ALD as well as 18 healthy subjects. Colonic biopsy samples from subjects were analyzed for microbiota composition using length heterogeneity PCR fingerprinting and multitag pyrosequencing. A subgroup of alcoholics have an altered colonic microbiome (dysbiosis). The alcoholics with dysbiosis had lower median abundances of Bacteroidetes and higher ones of Proteobacteria. The observed alterations appear to correlate with high levels of serum endotoxin in a subset of the samples. Network topology analysis indicated that alcohol use is correlated with decreased connectivity of the microbial network, and this alteration is seen even after an extended period of sobriety. We show that the colonic mucosa-associated bacterial microbiome is altered in a subset of alcoholics. The altered microbiota composition is persistent and correlates with endotoxemia in a subgroup of alcoholics.
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In individuals with alcohol addiction, drinking can disrupt intestinal barrier function, also known as intestinal leakage.
“In individuals with alcohol addiction, drinking can disrupt intestinal barrier function, also known as intestinal leakage [11, 12].”
BLS outperforms SEPP on many variables, including several linked to gut microbe diversity and human health.
“We observed that BLS outperforms SEPP on many variables, including several that have been linked to gut microbe diversity and human health25,39–42.”
From Improving microbial phylogeny with citizen science within a mass-market video game (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
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- Authors
- Mutlu, E. A., Gillevet, P. M., Rangwala, H., Sikaroodi, M., Naqvi, A., Engen, P. A., Kwasny, M., Lau, C. K., & Keshavarzian, A.
- Affiliations
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- George Mason University (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Keshavarzian, Ali
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2012-05-01
- Volume
- 302
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- G966-G978
- ISSN
- 0193-1857 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1547
- PMC
- PMC3362077
- OpenAlex
- W1977429705
- Cited by
- 775
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 11.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Rush University
- National Institutes of Health (5r01aa013745-05)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01-AA 013745, RC2AA019405)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R21DK071838, 1R43DK-074275, R43DK074275)
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R21AT001628)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- colonic microbiome, alcoholism, alcoholic liver disease, dysbiosis, endotoxemia, gut-derived endotoxin, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, microbial network topology, colonic mucosa, chronic alcohol consumption, alcohol abstinence
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Alcoholism, Colon, Female, Humans, Liver Diseases, Alcoholic, Middle Aged, Metagenome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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