Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,103

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Open access
Fu, Leiwen, Wang, Bingyi, Yuan, Tanwei, Chen, Xiaoting, Ao, Yunlong, Fitzpatrick, Thomas, Li, Peiyang, Zhou, Yiguo, Lin, Yi-fan, Duan, Qibin, Luo, Ganfeng, Fan, Song, Lu, Yong, Feng, Anping, Zhan, Yuewei, Liang, Bowen, Cai, Weiping, Zhang, Lin, Du, Xiangjun, Li, Linghua, Shu, Yuelong, Zou, Huachun·2020·Journal of Infection
DOI 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.041
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Summary Objective To better inform efforts to treat and control the current outbreak with a comprehensive characterization of COVID-19. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CNKI (Chinese Database) for studies published as of March 2, 2020, and we searched references of identified articles. Studies were reviewed for methodological quality. A random-effects model was used to pool results. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. Results 43 studies involving 3600 patients were included. Among COVID-19 patients, fever (83.3% [95% CI 78.4–87.7]), cough (60.3% [54.2–66.3]), and fatigue (38.0% [29.8–46.5]) were the most common clinical symptoms. The most common laboratory abnormalities were elevated C-reactive protein (68.6% [58.2–78.2]), decreased lymphocyte count (57.4% [44.8–69.5]) and increased lactate dehydrogenase (51.6% [31.4–71.6]). Ground-glass opacities (80.0% [67.3–90.4]) and bilateral pneumonia (73.2% [63.4–82.1]) were the most frequently reported findings on computed tomography. The overall estimated proportion of severe cases and case-fatality rate (CFR) was 25.6% (17.4–34.9) and 3.6% (1.1–7.2), respectively. CFR and laboratory abnormalities were higher in severe cases, patients from Wuhan, and older patients, but CFR did not differ by gender. Conclusions The majority of COVID-19 cases are symptomatic with a moderate CFR. Patients living in Wuhan, older patients, and those with medical comorbidities tend to have more severe clinical symptoms and higher CFR.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.041

Cites

10 of 10 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 10 references

Research works printed but not linked: 54

  1. Lu, 2020, Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding, Lancet, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Chan, 2020, A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster, Lancet, 395, 514, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Wang, 2020, Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China, JAMA, 10.1001/jama.2020.1585 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Guan W.-j., Ni Z.-y., Hu Y., et al. Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China. 2020: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.06.20020974. · DOI
  5. Sun P, Qie S, Liu Z, et al. Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patientswith SARS-CoV-2 infection: a single arm meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2020. doi:10.1002/jmv.25735. · DOI · Paper page
  6. 2020, The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China, Chinese J Epidemiol, 41, 145
  7. Liu, 2020, Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury, Sci China Life Sci
  8. Wang, 2020, Clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for four cases with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia receiving combined chinese and western medicine treatment, Biosci Trends, 10.5582/bst.2020.01030 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Kui, 2020, Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei province, Chin Med J (Engl)
  10. Song F, Shi N, Shan F, et al. Emerging 2019 Novel Coronavirus(2019-nCoV) Pneumonia. Radiology 2020:200274. · DOI · Paper page
  11. Chang, 2020, Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus infections involving 13 patients outside Wuhan, China, JAMA, 10.1001/jama.2020.1623 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Pan Y, Guan H, Zhou S, et al. Initial CT findings and temporal changes inpatients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia (2019-nCoV): a study of 63patients in Wuhan, China. Eur Radiol 2020.doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06731-x. · DOI · Paper page
  13. Pan F, Ye T. Time course of lung changes on chest CT during recovery from2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia. Radiology 2020:200370.doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200370. · DOI · Paper page
  14. Chen, 2020, [Analysis of clinical features of 29 patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia], Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi, 43, E005
  15. Zhang, 2020, [Clinical features of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in the early stage from a fever clinic in Beijing], Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi, 43, E013
  16. Xu XW, Wu XX, Jiang XG, et al. Clinical findings in a group of patientsinfected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan,China: retrospective case series. BMJ 2020;368:m606. · DOI · Paper page
  17. Wu, 2020, Clinical characteristics of imported cases of COVID-19 in Jiangsu province: a multicenter descriptive study, Clin Infect Dis
  18. Xu, 2020, Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
  19. Chen, 2020, Retrospective analysis of COVID-19 patients with different clinical subtypes, Herald of Med, 1
  20. H, 2020, Analysis of Chinese medical characteristics of 35 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia, J Emergen Tradit Chinese Med, 1
  21. D, 2020, Clinical features and ct signs of early family clustering novel coronavirus pneumonia, J Xi'an Jiaotong Uni, 1
  22. Y, 2020, Chest CT features of COVID⁃19, J Pract Med, 1
  23. G, 2020, CT features of patients with imported 2019-nCov-pneumonia, J Xi'an Jiaotong Uni, 1
  24. G, 2020, Preliminary explore on ct characteristics of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Radiol Pract, 1
  25. X, 2020, The clinical features of the 143 patients with COVID-19 in north-east of Chongqing, J Third Military Med Uni, 1
  26. X F, Q M, T Y, et al. Clinical features and treatment analysis of 79 cases ofCOVID-19. Chinese pharmacological bulletin 2020:1–7.
  27. L, 2020, Chest CT performance and clinical characteristics of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Radiol Pract, 1
  28. L, 2020, Analysis on chinese medical clinical characteristics of 50 patients with 2019-nCoV-infected pneumonia, Academic Journal of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1
  29. J, 2020, CT manifestations and dynamic changes of corona virus disease 2019, Chinese J Med Imaging Technol, 1
  30. C, 2020, Clinical characteristics and ct signs of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the elderly, Med J Wuhan Uni, 1
  31. Y, 2020, Analysis of clinical characteristics of 25 patients with coronavirus disease in 2019, Chinese J Integrated Trad Western Med, 1
  32. W, 2020, Dynamic changes of chest ct imaging in patients with corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19), J Zhejiang Uni (Med Sci), 1
  33. Sun, 2020, Analysis of Chinese medical characteristics of 88 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Tianjin, J Tradit Chinese Med, 1
  34. X, 2020, Clinical study on treatment of 34 cases of COVID-19 with combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine, Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1
  35. W, 2020, CT image features of asymptomatic patients with novel coronavirus, Med J Wuhan Uni, 1
  36. Xiaobo Yang, 2020, Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in wuhan, china: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study, Lancet Respir Med
  37. Li, 2020, Clinical presentations and ct features of imported corona virus disease 2019, Chinese J Med Imaging Technol, 1
  38. Y, 2020, Analysis of the relationship between clinical features and tongue manifestations of 40 cases with novel coronavirus pneumonia, Beijing J Trad Chinese Med, 1
  39. Z, 2020, A preliminary study on the clinical characteristics and Chinese medical syndrome of 42 cases of COVID-19 in Nanjing, J Nanjing Uni Trad Chinese Med, 1
  40. Z, 2020, CT findings in 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients, Med J Wuhan Uni, 1
  41. Z, 2020, Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 26 patients diagnosed with novel coronavirus pneumonia, Chinese J Nosocomiol, 1
  42. Stroup, 2000, Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting, Meta-anal Observat Stud Epidemiol (MOOSE) Group. Jama, 283, 2008
  43. Barendregt, 2013, Meta-analysis of prevalence, J Epidemiol Commun Health, 67, 974, 10.1136/jech-2013-203104 · DOI · Paper page
  44. Egger, 1997, Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test, BMJ, 315, 629, 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · DOI · Paper page
  45. Leung, 2003, Enteric involvement of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection, Gastroenterology, 125, 1011, 10.1016/j.gastro.2003.08.001 · DOI · Paper page
  46. Peiris, 2003, Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated Sars pneumonia: a prospective study, Lancet, 361, 1767, 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13412-5 · DOI · Paper page
  47. Assiri, 2013, Hospital outbreak of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, N Engl J Med, 369, 407, 10.1056/NEJMoa1306742 · DOI · Paper page
  48. Chen G., Wu D., Guo W., et al. Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate forms of coronavirus disease 2019. 2020:medRxiv2020.02.16.20023903.
  49. Ling, 2020, Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients, Chin Med J (Engl), 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000774 · DOI · Paper page
  50. Cai Q, Huang D, Ou P, et al. COVID-19 in a designated infectious diseaseshospitaloutside Hubei province, China. medRxiv 2020.doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.17.20024018. · DOI · Paper page
  51. Qian K, Deng Y, Tai Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel infectedcoronavirus pneumonia:a systemic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv 2020.doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.14.20021535. · DOI
  52. Wei, 2020, Novel coronavirus infection in hospitalized infants under 1 year of age in China, JAMA, 10.1001/jama.2020.2131 · DOI · Paper page
  53. Schurz, 2019, The x chromosome and sex-specific effects in infectious disease susceptibility, Hum Genomics, 13, 2, 10.1186/s40246-018-0185-z · DOI · Paper page
  54. Yang Y, Lu Q, Liu M, et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of the 2019novel coronavirus outbreak in China. medRxiv 2020.doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.10.20021675. · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 1,103

Metadata

Authors
Fu, L., Wang, B., Yuan, T., Chen, X., Ao, Y., Fitzpatrick, T., Li, P., Zhou, Y., Lin, Y.-F., Duan, Q., Luo, G., Fan, S., Lu, Y., Feng, A., Zhan, Y., Liang, B., Cai, W., Zhang, L., Du, X., Li, L., Shu, Y., & Zou, H.
Venue
Journal of Infection
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-06
Volume
80
Issue
6
Pages
656-665
ISSN
0163-4453 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.041
OpenAlex
W3016010853
Cited by
1,103
References
10
FWCI
14.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze
Licence
  • www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
  • www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.041
The paper
Fu, L., Wang, B., Yuan, T., Chen, X., Ao, Y., Fitzpatrick, T., Li, P., Zhou, Y., Lin, Y.-F., Duan, Q., Luo, G., Fan, S., Lu, Y., Feng, A., Zhan, Y., Liang, B., Cai, W., Zhang, L., Du, X., . . . Zou, H. (2020). Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Infection. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.041

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.