Regulation, signaling, and physiological functions of G-Proteins
Open accessAbstract
Heterotrimeric guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G-proteins) mainly relay the information from G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the plasma membrane to the inside of cells to regulate various biochemical functions. Depending on the targeted cell types, tissues, and organs, these signals modulate diverse physiological functions. The basic schemes of heterotrimeric G-proteins have been outlined. In this review, we briefly summarize what is known about the regulation, signaling, and physiological functions of G-proteins. We then focus on a few less explored areas such as the regulation of G-proteins by non-GPCRs and the physiological functions of G-proteins that cannot be easily explained by the known G-protein signaling pathways. There are new signaling pathways and physiological functions for G-proteins to be discovered and further interrogated. With the advancements in structural and computational biological techniques, we are closer to having a better understanding of how G-proteins are regulated and of the specificity of G-protein interactions with their regulators.
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Primary effects of NP-GPCRs expressed in cortex fall into just three major categories distinguished by G-protein alpha subunit (Gα) family: Gi/o inhibits cAMP production, Gs stimulates cAMP production, and Gq/11 amplifies calcium signaling dynamics.
“Primary effects of NP-GPCRs expressed in cortex, in turn, fall into just three major categories distinguished by G-protein alpha subunit (Gα) family. The Gi/o family (i/o) inhibits cAMP production, the Gs family (s) stimulates cAMP production, and the Gq/11 family (q/11) amplifies calcium signaling dynamics”
From Single-cell transcriptomic evidence for dense intracortical neuropeptide networks (2019) · cites this paper as Syrovatkina et al., 2016
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Intrinsically disordered proteins play diverse roles in cell signaling
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Cholinergic and Adenosinergic Modulation of Synaptic Release
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- Authors
- Syrovatkina, V., Alegre, K. O., Dey, R., & Huang, X.-Y.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Xin-Yun
- Venue
- Journal of Molecular Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-09
- Volume
- 428
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 3850-3868
- ISSN
- 0022-2836 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5023507
- OpenAlex
- W2516956609
- Cited by
- 498
- References
- 157
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 2.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Molecular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (R01CA193815, R01HL130478)
- Qatar National Research Fund (NPRP 7-709-3-195)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Keywords
- G proteins, heterotrimeric G proteins, G protein-coupled receptors, G protein signaling, G protein regulation, G protein structure
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Models, Biological, Models, Molecular, Protein Conformation, Signal Transduction, GTP-Binding Proteins, Protein Multimerization
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