Aerobic exercise and lipids and lipoproteins in men: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Aerobic exercise is recommended for improving lipoprotein and lipid levels which at less than their optimal levels are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Evidence seems lacking for the effectiveness of exercise in reducing these levels, possibly due to small sizes in studies. We concluded a meta-analysis of the studies to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins in adult men. METHODS: Studies were retrieved via computerized literature searches, cross-referencing from retrieved articles, hand-searching, and expert review of our reference list. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials, aerobic exercise ≥8 weeks, adult men ≥18 years of age, studies published in journal, dissertation, or master's thesis format, studies published in the English-language between January 1, 1955 and January 1, 2003, and assessment of one or more of the following lipids and lipoproteins: total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), and triglycerides (TG). All coding was conducted by both authors, independent of each other. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. RESULTS: Forty-nine randomized controlled trials representing up to 67 outcomes from 2,990 men (1,741 exercise, 1,249 control) were pooled for analysis. Using random-effects modeling, statistically significant improvements were observed for TC, HDL-C and TG, and a trend for decreases was observed for LDL-C. Changes were equivalent to improvements of 2% for TC and HDL-C, 3% of LDL-C, and 9% for TG. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise reduces TC and TG and increases HDL-C in men 18 years of age and older.
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Aerobic exercise is effective in improving lipid metabolism.
“Aerobic exercise is effective in improving lipid metabolism607–615).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [612]
Six of the 8 reports of systematic review and meta-analysis reported a significant increase in HDL-C levels.
“Six reported a significant increase in HDL-C levels, which was the most frequently observed effect of exercise on serum lipids577, 607–613).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [612]
A meta-analysis of 25 RCTs comparing aerobic exercise for training periods of at least 15 minutes for ≥ 8 weeks with non-exercise control reported that exercise therapy significantly increased HDL-C levels.
“A meta-analysis of 25 RCTs that compared aerobic exercise for training periods of at least 15 minutes for ≥ 8 weeks with nonexercise control reported that exercise therapy significantly increased the HDL-C levels612).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [612]
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- Authors
- Kelley, G. A., & Kelley, K. S.
- Affiliations
- West Virginia University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Men's Health & Gender
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 61-70
- ISSN
- 1571-8913 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2475654
- OpenAlex
- W2045752222
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Men s Health and Gender (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL069802)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Keywords
- aerobic exercise, lipids, lipoproteins, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, cardiovascular risk, men, exercise intervention
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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