Walking, lipids, and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to use the meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of walking on lipids and lipoproteins in adults.Methods Randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of walking on total cholesterol (TC), high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), the ratio of TC/HDL, and triglycerides (TG) in adults ages 18 years and older were retrieved via computerized literature searches, cross-referencing, hand-searching, and expert review of our reference list.Results Twenty-five studies that included 1,176 subjects (692 walkers, 484 controls) and up to 33 outcomes were available for pooling. Using random-effects modeling, statistically significant, walking-induced decreases of 5% and 6% were observed for LDL-C and TC/HDL-C (LDL-C, mean +/- SE, -5.5 +/- 2.2 mg/dL, 95% CI, -9.9 to -1.2 mg/dL; TC/HDL-C, mean +/- SE, -0.3 +/- 0.1, 95% CI, -0.6 to -0.1). No statistically significant changes were observed for TC, HDL, or TG (P > 0.05), although changes were in the direction of benefit. No statistically significant changes occurred in body composition (P > 0.05).Conclusions Walking reduces LDL-C and TC/HDL-C in adults independent of changes in body composition.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Aerobic exercise is effective in improving lipid metabolism.
“Aerobic exercise is effective in improving lipid metabolism607–615).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [607]
Six of the 8 reports of systematic review and meta-analysis reported a significant increase in HDL-C levels.
“Six reported a significant increase in HDL-C levels, which was the most frequently observed effect of exercise on serum lipids577, 607–613).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [607]
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · see citing works
Grundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D. W., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M. A., Havel, R. J., Hazzard, W. R., Hulley, S. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Kreisberg, R. A., et al. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.23.3015 · Cited by 27,944 · see citing works
Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary?
Jadad, A. R., Moore, R. A., Carroll, D., Jenkinson, C., Reynolds, D. J. M., Gavaghan, D. J., & McQuay, H. J. (1996) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(95)00134-4 · Cited by 17,582 · see citing works
Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x · Cited by 14,099 · see citing works
(2000) · Cited by 9,198 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General
(1995) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e525162010-001 · Cited by 5,488 · see citing works
A Nonparametric “Trim and Fill” Method of Accounting for Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis
Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.2000.10473905 · Cited by 2,955 · see citing works
Law, M. R., Wald, N. J., & Rudnicka, A. R. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7404.1423 · Cited by 1,720 · see citing works
Response of blood lipids to exercise training alone or combined with dietary intervention
LEON, A. S., & SANCHEZ, O. A. (2001) · Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200106001-00021 · Cited by 662 · see citing works
Blood Lipid and Lipoprotein Adaptations to Exercise: A Quantitative Analysis
Durstine, J. L., Grandjean, P. W., Davis, P. G., Ferguson, M. A., Alderson, N. L., & DuBose, K. D. (2001) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200131150-00002 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
A Controlled Trial of Physician Counseling to Promote the Adoption of Physical Activity
Calfas, K. J., Long, B. J., Sallis, J. F., Wooten, W. J., Pratt, M., & Patrick, K. (1996) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.1996.0050 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
The epidemiology of walking for physical activity in the United States.
Eyler, A., Brownson, R., Bacak, S. J., & Housemann, R. (2003) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000084622.39122.0c · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Women walking for health and fitness. How much is enough?
Duncan, J. J. (1991) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.266.23.3295 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Tran, Z. V. (1985) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.254.7.919 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Hootman, J. M. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/154.3.251 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Chakravarthy, M. V., Joyner, M. J., & Booth, F. W. (2002) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/77.2.165 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Halbert, J., Silagy, C., Finucane, P., Withers, R., & Hamdorf, P. (1999) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600784 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
FAHLMAN, M. M., Boardley, D., Lambert, C. P., & Flynn, M. G. (2002) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/57.2.b54 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Seals, D. R., Tanaka, H., Clevenger, C. M., Monahan, K. D., Reiling, M. J., Hiatt, W. R., Davy, K. P., & DeSouza, C. A. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01348-1 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Daily Aerobic Exercise Improves Reactive Hyperemia in Patients With Essential Hypertension
Higashi, Y., Sasaki, S., Sasaki, N., Nakagawa, K., Ueda, T., Yoshimizu, A., Kurisu, S., Matsuura, H., Kajiyama, G., & Oshima, T. (1999) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.33.1.591 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON BLOOD LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS
Tran, Z. V., WELTMAN, A. L., Glass, G. V., & Mood, D. P. (1982) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-198202000-00041 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Exercise in the Disposition of Dietary Calories
Mann, G. V., Teel, K., Hayes, O. B., McNally, A., & Bruno, D. (1955) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm195509012530901 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Effects of Exercise Training on Serum Lipid and Lipoprotein Concentrations in Women: A Meta-Analysis
Lokey, E. A., & Tran, Z. V. (1989) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024937 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Influence of walking volume on health benefits in women post-menopause
Ready, A. E., Naimark, B. J., Ducas, J., Sawatzky, J. V., Boreskie, S. L., Drinkwater, D. T., & Oosterveen, S. (1996) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199609000-00004 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Gelin, J., Jivegård, L., Taft, C., Karlsson, J., Sullivan, M., Dahllöf, A.-G., Sandström, R., Arfvidsson, B., & Lundholm, K. (2001) · European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery · doi:10.1053/ejvs.2001.1413 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Nieman, D. C., Brock, D. W., Butterworth, D., Utter, A. C., & Nieman, C. C. (2002) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2002.10719233 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Woolf‐May, K. (1999) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/14.6.803 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Aldred, H. E., Hardman, A. E., & Taylor, S. (1995) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(95)90172-8 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Hinkleman, L. L., & Nieman, D. C. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 64 · see citing works
A two year randomized exercise trial in older women: effects on HDL-cholesterol
Cauley, J. A., Kriska, A. M., LaPorte, R. E., Sandler, R. B., & Pambianco, G. (1987) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(87)90068-2 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Jogging or walking—Comparison of health effects
Suter, E., Marti, B., & Gutzwiller, F. (1994) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(94)90072-8 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Walking program reduces elevated cholesterol in women postmenopause.
Ready, A. E., Drinkwater, D. T., Ducas, J., Fitzpatrick, D., Brereton, D. G., & Oades, S. C. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Effects of exercise on cardiovascular disease risk in women with NIDDM
Verity, L., & Ismail, A. H. (1989) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/0168-8227(89)90054-5 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Elderly Women
Nieman, D. C., Warren, B. J., O'Donnell, K. A., Dotson, R. G., Butterworth, D. E., & Henson, D. A. (1993) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1993.tb06485.x · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Keller, C. S., & Treviño, R. P. (2001) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.1039 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Reduced oxidized low-density lipoprotein after weight reduction in obese premenopausal women
Vasankari, T. J., Fogelholm, M., Kukkonen-Harjula, K. T., Nenonen, A., Kujala, U. M., Oja, P., VUORI, I. M., Pasanen, P., Neuvonen, K., & Ahotupa, M. O. (2001) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801533 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Failure of 40 Weeks of Brisk Walking to Alter Blood Lipids in Normolipemic Women
Santiago, M. C., Leon, A. S., & SERFASS, R. C. (1995) · Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1139/h95-033 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Kaplan, R. M., Wilson, D. K., Hartwell, S. L., Merino, K. L., & Wallace, J. P. (1985) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.8.4.343 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Woolf‐May, K., Kearney, E. M., Jones, D. W., Davison, R. R., Coleman, D. A., & Bird, S. R. (1998) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/026404198366335 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Coronary risk factors in type II diabetes: response to low-intensity aerobic exercise.
YEATER, R. A., Ullrich, I. H., Maxwell, L. P., & Goetsch, V. L. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The Benefits of Walking the Golf Course
Palank, E. A., & Hargreaves, E. H. (1990) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.1080/00913847.1990.11710155 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Physio- logical responses of sedentary women to a 20-week conditioning program of walking or jogging
Santiago, M. C., Alexander, J. F., Stull, G. A., SERFASS, R. C., Hayday, A. M., & Leon, A. S. (1987) · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Program of Exercise Training as Total Health Promotion Plan and its Evaluation
Fukahori, M., Aono, H., Saito, I., Ikebe, T., & Ozawa, H. (1999) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1539/joh.41.76 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Brisk Walking and Serum Lipoprotein Variables in Formerly Sedentary Men Aged 42–59 Years
Stensel, D. J., Hardman, A. E., Brooke-Wavell, K. S. F., Vallance, D. T., Jones, P. R. M., Norgan, N. G., & WINDER, A. F. (1993) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0850701 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sinatra, S. T., Allen, G. J., Camaione, D. N., & Abraham, A. (1990) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00008483-199008000-00002 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Miller, C. W. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies
Arbelo, E., Protonotarios, A., Gimeno, J. R., Arbustini, E., Villa, R. B., Basso, C., Bezzina, C. R., Biagini, E., Blom, N. A., de Boer, R. A., et al. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad194 · Cited by 2,947 · see citing works
Eckel, R. H., Jakicic, J. M., Ard, J. D., de Jesus, J. M., Miller, N. H., Hubbard, V. S., Lee, I.-M., Lichtenstein, A. H., Loria, C. M., Millen, B. E., et al. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437740.48606.d1 · Cited by 2,261 · see citing works
2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk
Eckel, R. H., Jakicic, J. M., Ard, J. D., de Jesus, J. M., Houston Miller, N., Hubbard, V. S., Lee, I.-M., Lichtenstein, A. H., Loria, C. M., Millen, B. E., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.003 · Cited by 1,160 · see citing works
Kinoshita, M., Yokote, K., Arai, H., Iida, M., Ishigaki, Y., Ishibashi, S., Umemoto, S., Egusa, G., Ohmura, H., Okamura, T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.gl2017 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
Fruchart, J.-C., Sacks, F., Hermans, M. P., Assmann, G., Brown, W. V., Ceska, R., Chapman, M. J., Dodson, P. M., Fioretto, P., Ginsberg, H. N., et al. (2008) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.10.002 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Exercise and the heart: the good, the bad, and the ugly
Sharma, S., Merghani, A., & Mont, L. (2015) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv090 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Okamura, T., Tsukamoto, K., Arai, H., Fujioka, Y., Ishigaki, Y., Koba, S., Ohmura, H., Shoji, T., Yokote, K., Yoshida, H., et al. (2023) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.gl2022 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Exercise Dose in Clinical Practice
Wasfy, M. M., & Baggish, A. L. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.116.018093 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Kelley, G. A., Kelley, K. S., & Tran, Z. V. (2004) · Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2004.13.1148 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Self-citationTambalis, K., Panagiotakos, D. B., Kavouras, S. A., & Sidossis, L. S. (2009) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/0003319708324927 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Disorders of lipid metabolism. Clinical Guidelines 2023
Владиславович, Е. М., Kukharchuk, V. V., Сергиенко, И. В., Alieva, A. S., Antsiferov, M. B., Ansheles, A. A., Arabidze, G. G., Dm, A., Arutyunov, G. P., Ахмеджанов, Н. М., et al. (2023) · Russian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5471 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Features of the neighborhood environment and walking by U.S. adults
Suminski, R. R., Jr., Poston, W. S. C., Petosa, R. L., Stevens, E. C., & Katzenmoyer, L. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.09.009 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Kelley, G. A., Kelley, K. S., & Tran, Z. V. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802959 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationBaker, G., Gray, S. R., Wright, A., Fitzsimons, C. F., Nimmo, M. A., Lowry, R., & Mutrie, N. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-5-44 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Ashen, M. D., & Blumenthal, R. S. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp044370 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Brisk walking, fitness, and cardiovascular risk: A randomized controlled trial in primary care
Tully, M. A., Cupples, M., Chan, W., McGlade, K. J., & Young, I. S. (2005) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.11.030 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Després, J. (2015) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2015.12.006 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Aerobic exercise and lipids and lipoproteins in men: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Kelley, G. A., & Kelley, K. S. (2006) · The Journal of Men's Health & Gender · doi:10.1016/j.jmhg.2005.09.003 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise, Lipids, and Lipoproteins in Older Adults: A Meta‐Analysis
Kelley, G. A., Kelley, K. S., & Tran, Z. V. (2005) · Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1111/j.0197-3118.2005.03769.x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantifying the dose-response of walking in reducing coronary heart disease risk: meta-analysis
Zheng, H. Y., Orsini, N., Amin, J., Wolk, A., Nguyen, V. T., & Ehrlich, F. (2009) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-009-9328-9 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Effects of aerobic and strength-based training on metabolic health indicators in older adults
Martins, R. A., Veríssimo, M. T., Coelho-e-Silva, M. J., Cumming, S. P., & Teixeira, A. M. (2010) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-9-76 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Gondim, O. S., de Camargo, V. T. N., Gutierrez, F. A., Martins, P. F. D. O., Passos, M. E. P., Momesso, C. M., Santos, V. C., Gorjão, R., Pithon‐Curi, T. C., & Cury‐Boaventura, M. F. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140596 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Upright water-based exercise to improve cardiovascular and metabolic health: A qualitative review
Meredith-Jones, K. A., Waters, D. L., Legge, M., & Jones, L. M. (2011) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2011.02.002 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Raisins and additional walking have distinct effects on plasma lipids and inflammatory cytokines
Puglisi, M. J., Vaishnav, U., Shrestha, S., Torres‐Gonzalez, M., Wood, R. J., Volek, J. S., & Fernández, M. L. (2008) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-7-14 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
The Role of Healthy Lifestyle in the Primordial Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Claas, S. A., & Arnett, D. K. (2016) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-016-0728-7 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Kocur, P., Deskur-Śmielecka, E., Wilk, M., & Dylewicz, P. (2009) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215509337464 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Tully, M. A., Cupples, M., Hart, N. D., McEneny, J., McGlade, K. J., Chan, W.-S., & Young, I. S. (2007) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2006.053058 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Comparison of the lipid profile and lipoprotein(a) between sedentary and highly trained subjects
Lippi, G., Schena, F., Salvagno, G., Montagnana, M., Ballestrieri, F., & Guidi, G. (2006) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1515/cclm.2006.056 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Aptekmann, N. P., & Cesar, T. B. (2010) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.07.009 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Physical activity for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders
Montesi, L., Moscatiello, S., Malavolti, M., Marzocchi, R., & Marchesini, G. (2013) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-013-0953-7 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Gieck, D. J., & Olsen, S. (2007) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.3200/jach.56.1.29-36 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Fitzsimons, C. F., Baker, G., Wright, A., Nimmo, M. A., Thompson, C. W., Lowry, R., Millington, C., Shaw, R., Fenwick, E. A. L., Ogilvie, D., et al. (2008) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-259 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Pereira Neiva, H., Brandão Faíl, L., Izquierdo, M., Marques, M. C., & Marinho, D. A. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198319 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Craig, C. L., Cragg, S. E., Tudor-Locke, C. E., & Bauman, A. E. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Cox, K. L., Burke, V., Beilin, L. J., & Puddey, I. B. (2010) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2010.02.001 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Lian, X., Zhao, D., Zhu, M., Wang, Z., Gao, W. Q., Zhao, H., Zhang, D., Yang, Z., & Wang, L. (2013) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.10.020 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Niacin Therapy, HDL Cholesterol, and Cardiovascular Disease: Is the HDL Hypothesis Defunct?
Mani, P., & Rohatgi, A. K. (2015) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-015-0521-x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Finkelstein, J. M., Heemels, M.-T., Shadan, S., & Weiss, U. K. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/510047a · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Cavigli, L., Olivotto, I., Fattirolli, F., Mochi, N., Favilli, S., Mondillo, S., Bonifazi, M., & D’Ascenzi, F. (2020) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487320928654 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Igarashi, Y., Akazawa, N., & Maeda, S. (2019) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.45864 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Effect of T'ai Chi Chuan Training on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Dyslipidemic Patients
Lan, C., Su, T., Chen, S., & Lai, J. (2008) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2008.0143 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Author contacts for retrieval of data for a meta-analysis on exercise and diet restriction
Gibson, C., Bailey, B. W., Carper, M. J., LeCheminant, J. D., Kirk, E. P., Huang, G., DuBose, K. D., & Donnelly, J. E. (2006) · International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care · doi:10.1017/s0266462306051105 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Maximal Physiological Responses between Aquatic and Land Exercise in Overweight Women
PHILLIPS, V. K., Legge, M., & Jones, L. M. (2008) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318164d0e0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Adjustment for physical activity in studies of sedentary behaviour
Page, A., Peeters, G. M. E. E., & Merom, D. (2015) · Emerging Themes in Epidemiology · doi:10.1186/s12982-015-0032-9 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Coghill, N. F., & Cooper, A. R. (2008) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.01.002 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Igarashi, Y., & Nogami, Y. (2018) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.42937 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Totsikas, C., Röhm, J., Kantartzis, K., Thamer, C., Rittig, K., Machann, J., Schick, F., Hansel, J., Niess, A. M., Fritsche, A., et al. (2011) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283469910 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Millen, B. E., Wolongevicz, D. M., Jesus, J. M. D., Nonas, C., & Lichtenstein, A. H. (2014) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2014.07.037 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
A Web-Based Intervention to Encourage Walking (StepWise): Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Hargreaves, E. A., Mutrie, N., & Fleming, J. D. (2016) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.4288 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Treatment A) Lifestyle Modification
Teramoto, T., Sasaki, J., Ishibashi, S., Birou, S., Daida, H., Dohi, S., Egusa, G., Hiro, T., Hirobe, K., Iida, M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.18820 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Examining the Dose–Response Relationship between Physical Activity and Health Outcomes
Wasfy, M. M., & Lee, I.-M. M. (2022) · NEJM Evidence · doi:10.1056/evidra2200190 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Physical activity for coronary heart disease: cardioprotective mechanisms and effects on prognosis
Scrutinio, D., Bellotto, F., Lagioia, R., & Passantino, A. (2005) · Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease · doi:10.4081/monaldi.2005.591 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Strategies for Modifying High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Role for Nicotinic Acid
Schächter, M. (2005) · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10557-005-5685-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ismail, A. M. A. (2022) · European Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1080/21679169.2021.2022756 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Santos, R., Vale, M. S. S., Soares‐Miranda, L., & Mota, J. A. P. S. (2009) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.05.009 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Sobczyk, M., Zheng, J., Smith, G. D., & Gaunt, T. R. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072087 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Exercise, the Athlete's Heart, and Sudden Cardiac Death
D’Silva, A., & Sharma, S. (2014) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.3810/psm.2014.05.2062 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Several steps/day indicators predict changes in anthropometric outcomes: HUB City Steps
Thomson, J. L., Landry, A. S., Zoellner, J., Tudor-Locke, C. E., Webster, M., Connell, C. L., & Yadrick, K. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-983 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Pagels, P., Raustorp, A., Archer, T., Lidman, U., & Alricsson, M. (2012) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.9.6.867 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Exercise and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Two incompatible entities?
Basu, J., Malhotra, A., & Papadakis, M. (2020) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.23343 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Lipid profile in men and women with different levels of sports participation and physical activity
Scheers, T., Philippaerts, R., Langendonck, L. V., Duquet, W., Duvigneaud, N., Matton, L., Thomis, M., Wijndaele, K., & Lefevre, J. (2008) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980007001425 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Walking During Leisure-Time in Relation to Perceived Neighborhoods
Suminski, R. R., Jr., Wasserman, J. A., Mayfield, C. A., Kheyfets, A., & Norman, J. (2014) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916513520605 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Watanabe, N., Sawada, S. S., Shimada, K., Lee, I.-M. M., Gando, Y., Momma, H., Kawakami, R., Miyachi, M., Hagi, Y., Kinugawa, C., et al. (2018) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.43851 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The Effect of Power-walking in Phase 2 Cardiac Rehabilitation Program
Kim, C., Kim, B. O., Lim, K.-B., Kim, Y., & Park, Y. B. (2012) · Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.5535/arm.2012.36.1.133 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Pedersen, T. R., Assmann, G., Bassand, J., Chapman, M. J., Erbel, R. M., & Sirtori, C. R. (2006) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.3132/dvdr.2006.011 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Effects of Interval Walking on Physical Fitness in Middle-Aged Individuals
Lalande, S., Okazaki, K., Yamazaki, T., Nosé, H., Joyner, M. J., & Johnson, B. D. (2010) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/2150131910363598 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Activities of Daily Living and Health
Füzéki, E., & Banzer, W. E. (2013) · Public Health Forum · doi:10.1016/j.phf.2013.03.002 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Wegberger, C., Tscharre, M., Haller, P. M., Piacková, E., Vujasin, I., Gomiscek, A., Tentzeris, I., Freynhofer, M. K., Jäger, B., Wojta, J., et al. (2020) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-020-01634-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Garenc, C., Vohl, M., Bouchard, C., & Përusse, L. (2009) · Human Genomics · doi:10.1186/1479-7364-3-2-157 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Shibuta, T., Waki, K., Miyake, K., Igarashi, A., Yamamoto‐Mitani, N., Sankoda, A., Takeuchi, Y., Sumitani, M., Yamauchi, T., Nangaku, M., et al. (2023) · JMIR Cardio · doi:10.2196/43940 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ballard, A. M., Davis, A., Wong, B. J., Lyn, R., & Thompson, W. R. (2021) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171211048135 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Kodama, S., Miao, S., Yamada, N., & Sone, H. (2006) · International Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.5432/ijshs.4.325 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Philippe, M., Gatterer, H., Eder, E. M., Dzien, A., Somavilla, M., Melmer, A., Ebenbichler, C. F., Müller, T., & Burtscher, M. (2017) · PubMed Central · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Morbidities in the ultra-athlete and marathoner
Cunningham, T. C., Maghrabi, K. A., & Sanatani, S. (2017) · Cardiology in the Young · doi:10.1017/s1047951116002304 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Stone, N. J. (2008) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.09.069 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
DeVoe, D. E., Israel, R. G., Lipsey, T., & Voyles, W. F. (2009) · Wilderness and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1580/1080-6032-020.004.0347 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Roberts, C. K. (2014) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b16783-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Craig, C. L., Cragg, S. E., Tudor-Locke, C. E., & Bauman, A. E. (2006) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/bf03405361 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Wickramasinghe, M., & Weaver, J. U. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-48559-3.00010-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The significance of plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdlc).
Gupta, S., & Rajagopal, G. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bäck, M. (2012) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Psychophysiological Data Harmonization for the Sustainability of Outdoor Activities
Papale, O., Festino, E., Condello, G., Rocco, F. D., Maio, M. D., Cortis, C., & Fusco, A. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su152215838 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Exercise intensity and cardiac disease development in carriers of titin truncating variants
Savonitto, G., Paldino, A., Setti, M., Berra, A., Radesich, C., Perotto, M., Mestre, E. D., Cittar, M., Tavčar, I., Ribichini, F. L., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf094 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Rate of inappropriate energy and micronutrient intake among the Korean working population
Lee, W., Jung, J., Ahn, J., & Kim, H. (2020) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980019004075 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Govindasamy, K., Gogoi, H., Jebabli, N., Bediri, S. M., Aljahni, M. A., Parpa, K., Clark, C. C. T., Granacher, U., & Zouhal, H. (2024) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-024-00894-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Yanovski, Z., Sacks, F. M., Smith, S. C., Svetkey, L. P., Wadden, T. A., Lee, I.-M. M., Lichtenstein, A. H., Loria, C. M., Millen, B. E., Eckel, H., et al. (2014) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
EFEITO DO EXERCÍCIO SOBRE OS NÍVEIS DE HDL-C: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE METANÁLISES
Fraga, A. S., Ladeia, A. M. T., de Sá, C. K. C., & Tenório, M. C. C. (2017) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/1517-869220172306163603 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kodama, S. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.10.999 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lee, M. R., & Kim, W. S. (2006) · Daehan ganho haghoeji · doi:10.4040/jkan.2006.36.8.1352 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kotani, K., Caccavello, R. J., Mutou, T., Yamada, T., Taniguchi, N., & Gugliucci, A. (2012) · Australian Journal on Ageing · doi:10.1111/j.1741-6612.2011.00569.x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
LICHTENSTEIN, H., Loria, C. M., Millen, B. E., Miller, N. H., Nonas, C., Eckel, R. H., Jakicic, J. M., Ard, J. D., Hubbard, S. M., Jesus, J. M. D., et al. (2013) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Park, S., Park, S.-Y., Oh, G., & Oh, I. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16204034 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pedometer Ownership, Motivation, and Walking
Berry, T. R., Fraser, S. N., Spence, J. C., & Bengoechea, E. G. (2007) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2007.10599434 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ambulatory Activity Associations with Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk Factors in Smokers
Julius, B., Ward, B., Stein, J., Mcbride, P., Fiore, M., Baker, T., Nieto, J., & Colbert, L. (2011) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.8.7.994 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Evaluación del Modelo Multi-componente de Telecuidado de apoyo a Personas con Pre-diabetes en Chile
Ewert, J. C. P., Bustamante, C., Alcayaga, C., Medina, M., Hugo Sánchez, R., Campos, S., Beltrán, A., Urrutia, M., & Lange, I. (2016) · Actualidades en Psicología · doi:10.15517/ap.v30i121.24370 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Tasaki, H., Kosugi, T., Eriguchi, M., Yoshida, H., Uemura, T., Tamaki, H., Furuyama, R., Nishimoto, M., Matsui, M., Samejima, K., et al. (2025) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-025-02335-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Pryshva, O. (2016) · Pedagogics psychology medical-biological problems of physical training and sports · doi:10.15561/18189172.2016.0207 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dm, A., Bubnova, M. G., Nv, P., Orekhov, A. N., & Bobryshev, Y. V. (2017) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2017.01.007 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Physical Inactivity and Clinical Cardiovascular Impact -Updating Narrative Review
(2019) · Worldwide Medicine · doi:10.5455/ww.302644346 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tajima, T., Kanehara, R., Fujii, M., Tanaka, S., Umezawa, J., Ohno, Y., & Inoue, M. (2024) · JMA Journal · doi:10.31662/jmaj.2024-0076 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kelley, G.
- Affiliations
- West Virginia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kelley, G
- ORCID
- Kelley, G
- Venue
- Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-05
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 651-661
- ISSN
- 0091-7435 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2040589021
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 1.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL069802)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- walking, physical activity, lipids, lipoproteins, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, TC/HDL-C ratio, body composition, cardiovascular risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cholesterol, Female, Humans, Lipoproteins, Male, Middle Aged, Triglycerides, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Walking
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
