Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation

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Dysfunction of ABC Transporters at the Surface of BBB: Potential Implications in Intractable Epilepsy and Applications of Nanotechnology Enabled Drug Delivery

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Down-regulated long non-coding RNA RMST ameliorates dopaminergic neuron damage in Parkinson’s disease rats via regulation of TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway

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An overview of current advances in perinatal alcohol exposure and pathogenesis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

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Effects of norepinephrine on microglial neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain

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Neuroinflammation: Molecular Mechanisms And Therapeutic Perspectives

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Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1): An Inflammatory Regulator with Potential Implications in Ferroptosis and Parkinson’s Disease

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Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDC)-Loaded H-Ferritin-Nanocages Mediate the Regulation of Inflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

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The function of astrocytes and their role in neurological diseases

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Changes in Gene Expression and Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus after Focal Brain Ischemia: Involvement in the Long-Term Cognitive and Mental Disorders

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The Impact of Cerebral Ischemia on Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Neuronal Damage in the Hippocampus

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Blood–Brain Barrier: Structure, Function, Diseases, and Drug Delivery Systems

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Neuroinflammation: The next target of exosomal microRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the context of neurological disorders

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Role of DAMPs and cell death in autoimmune diseases: the example of multiple sclerosis

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TLRs Play Crucial Roles in Regulating RA Synoviocyte

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Arboviruses antagonize insect Toll antiviral immune signaling to facilitate the coexistence of viruses with their vectors

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Broccoli for the brain: a review of the neuroprotective mechanisms of sulforaphane

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Understanding the influence of TLR-mediated immune system on necroptosis-induced neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease

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Immunosuppression and Neuroinflammation in Stroke Pathobiology

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The Neuroprotective Effects of Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma Supplementation Involve the Microbiota−Gut−Brain Axis

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Nanomaterials modulate tumor-associated macrophages for the treatment of digestive system tumors

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A Hybrid Model for Predicting Pattern Recognition Receptors Using Evolutionary Information

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Weathering the Storm: Harnessing the Resolution of Inflammation to Limit COVID-19 Pathogenesis

Silberberg, E., Filep, J. G., & Ariel, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.863449 · Cited by 22

Mechanistic Links Between Gut Dysbiosis, Insulin Resistance, and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Guevara‐Ramírez, P., Tamayo‐Trujillo, R., Ruiz‐Pozo, V. A., Cadena-Ullauri, S., Paz‐Cruz, E., & Zambrano, A. K. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26136537 · Cited by 21

AllergoOncology: Danger signals in allergology and oncology: A European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Position Paper

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Exploring the Potential of Aptamers in Targeting Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Opportunities and Challenges

Kong, A. H.-Y., Wu, A. J., Ho, O. K.-Y., Leung, M. M.-K., Huang, S., Yu, Y., Zhang, G., Lü, A., Li, M., & Cheung, K. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241411780 · Cited by 22

The Potential Therapeutic Role of the HMGB1-TLR Pathway in Epilepsy

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Alpha Synuclein Toxicity and Non-Motor Parkinson’s

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From Low-Grade Inflammation in Osteoarthritis to Neuropsychiatric Sequelae: A Narrative Review

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MiRNAs as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage

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Galectin-3 modulates microglial activation and neuroinflammation in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Shen, Y., Zhang, W., Chang, H., Li, Z., Lin, C., Zhang, G., Mao, L., Ma, C., Liu, N., & Lu, H. (2024) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114777 · Cited by 20

The Effect of Gut Microbiota-Targeted Interventions on Neuroinflammation and Motor Function in Parkinson’s Disease Animal Models—A Systematic Review

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A TNF-α inhibitor abolishes sepsis-induced cognitive impairment in mice by modulating acetylcholine and nitric oxide homeostasis, BDNF release, and neuroinflammation

Öz, M., & Erdal, H. (2024) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114995 · Cited by 18

N , N -dimethyltryptamine mitigates experimental stroke by stabilizing the blood-brain barrier and reducing neuroinflammation

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Recent Advances in Nanomedicines for Multiple Sclerosis Therapy

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Potential of Neuroinflammation-Modulating Strategies in Tuberculous Meningitis: Targeting Microglia

Lu, H.-J., Guo, D., & Wei, Q.-Q. (2023) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2023.0311 · Cited by 18

Immune response of BV-2 microglial cells is impacted by peroxisomal beta-oxidation

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Neuroprotective Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis NJ241 in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease: Implications for Gut Microbiota and PGC-1α

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Oleanolic Acid Acetate Alleviates Symptoms of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice by Regulating Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling

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Insights into the toxic effects of micro-nano-plastics on the human brain and their relationship with the onset of neurological diseases: A narrative review

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Dose-dependent toxic effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in male rats: Focus on behavioral alterations and inducing TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway

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Exploring the immunogenic properties of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins: PAMP:TLR signaling in the mediation of the neuroinflammatory and neurologic sequelae of COVID-19

Frank, M. G., Fleshner, M., & Maier, S. F. (2023) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.04.009 · Cited by 19

What We Know about Euterpe Genus and Neuroprotection: A Scoping Review

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High resolution imaging and analysis of extracellular vesicles using mass spectral imaging and machine learning

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cGLRs Join Their Cousins of Pattern Recognition Receptor Family to Regulate Immune Homeostasis

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Roles of Epigenetics and Glial Cells in Drug-Induced Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Transcriptomic Profiling of Primary Microglia: Effects of miR-19a-3p and miR-19b-3p on Microglia Activation

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Interactions between CNS and immune cells in tuberculous meningitis

Ma, Q., Chen, J., Kong, X., Zeng, Y., Chen, Z., Liu, H., Liu, L., Lu, S., & Wang, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1326859 · Cited by 17

Coffee, antioxidants, and brain inflammation

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Gene expression signature of antidepressant treatment response/non-response in Flinders Sensitive Line rats subjected to maternal separation

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Ouabain-Na+/K+-ATPase Signaling Regulates Retinal Neuroinflammation and ROS Production Preventing Neuronal Death by an Autophagy-Dependent Mechanism Following Optic Nerve Axotomy In Vitro

Mázala-de-Oliveira, T., de Figueiredo, C. S., Corrêa, G. D. R., da Silva, M. S., Miranda, R., de Azevedo, M. A. G., Cossenza, M., dos Santos, A. A., & Giestal-de-Araujo, E. (2021) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-021-03481-0 · Cited by 14

The NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke

Masenga, S. K., & Kirabo, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Stroke · doi:10.3389/fstro.2024.1382379 · Cited by 17

Early Toll-like receptor 4 inhibition improves immune dysfunction in the hippocampus after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage

Xing, Z., Zhen, T., Fan, J., Yu, J., Shiqi, L., Kaiyi, Z., Ouyang, Z., & Ming-yan, H. (2021) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.66494 · Cited by 16

Oleanolic acid derivative isolated from Gardenia jasminoides var. radicans alleviates LPS-induced acute kidney injury in mice by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses via the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway

Zeng, M., Cao, Y.-G., Xu, R., Wu, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., & Feng, W. (2020) · New Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c9nj05294a · Cited by 15

Regulatory Effects of Clock and Bmal1 on Circadian Rhythmic TLR Expression

Fan, X.-L., Song, Y., Qin, D., & Lin, P.-Y. (2021) · International Reviews of Immunology · doi:10.1080/08830185.2021.1931170 · Cited by 16

Unique Features of the Immune Response in BTBR Mice

Mutovina, A., Ayriyants, K. A., Mezhlumyan, E. V., Ryabushkina, Y. A., Litvinova, E. A., Bondar, N. P., Khantakova, J. N., & Reshetnikov, V. V. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232415577 · Cited by 14

Oxidative Stress-Mediated Neuroinflammation in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia

Trubalski, M., Markiewicz-Gospodarek, A., Żerebiec, M., Poleszak, J., Szczotka, M., Markiewicz, R., Łoza, B., & Szymańczyk, S. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262211139 · Cited by 17

The role of hyaluronan in myelination and remyelination after white matter injury

Diao, S., Xiao, M., & Chen, C. (2021) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147522 · Cited by 14

Co-transplantation of novel Nano-SDF scaffold with human neural stem cells attenuates inflammatory responses and apoptosis in traumatic brain injury

Ghandy, N., Ebrahimzadeh‐Bideskan, A., Gorji, A., & Negah, S. S. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109709 · Cited by 14

Local Inflammatory Mediators Involved in Neuropathic Pain

García-Fernández, P., Reinhold, C., Üçeyler, N., & Sommer, C. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24097814 · Cited by 14

The Extracts of Angelica sinensis and Cinnamomum cassia from Oriental Medicinal Foods Regulate Inflammatory and Autophagic Pathways against Neural Injury after Ischemic Stroke

Luo, C., Chen, Q., Liu, B., Wang, S., Yu, H., Guan, X., Zhao, Y., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2021/9663208 · Cited by 16

NF-kB (p50/p65)-Mediated Pro-Inflammatory microRNA (miRNA) Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease (AD)

Lukiw, W. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.943492 · Cited by 14

Cannabinoids, Inner Ear, Hearing, and Tinnitus: A Neuroimmunological Perspective

Perin, P., Tagne, A. M., Enrico, P., Marino, F., Cosentino, M., Pizzala, R., & Boselli, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.505995 · Cited by 15

Quercus acuta Thunb. Suppresses LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation in BV2 Microglial Cells via Regulating MAPK/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway

Kim, J. K., Yang, H. J., & Go, Y. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11101851 · Cited by 14

Imaging of microglia in post-stroke inflammation

Wang, Z., Song, Y., Bai, S., Xiang, W., Zhou, X., Han, L., Zhu, D., & Guan, Y. (2023) · Nuclear Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108336 · Cited by 13

Insulin-like growth factor 1 in heat stress-induced neuroinflammation: novel perspective about the neuroprotective role of chromium

Wang, S., Hou, K., Gui, S., Ma, Y., Wang, S., Zhao, S., & Zhu, X. (2023) · Stress Biology · doi:10.1007/s44154-023-00105-1 · Cited by 13

Exploring the heterogeneous transcriptional response of the CNS to systemic LPS and Poly(I:C)

Bormann, D., Copic, D., Klas, K., Direder, M., Riedl, C. J., Testa, G., Kühtreiber, H., Poreba, E., Hametner, S., Golabi, B., et al. (2023) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106339 · Cited by 11

Regulation of immune responses to infection through interaction between stem cell-derived exosomes and toll-like receptors mediated by microRNA cargoes

Moghaddam, M. M., Behzadi, E., Sedighian, H., Goleij, Z., Kachuei, R., Heiat, M., & Fooladi, A. A. I. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1384420 · Cited by 14

Inhibition of proliferation and migration and induction of apoptosis in glioma cells by silencing TLR4 expression levels via RNA interference

Liu, Y., Ju, Y., Liu, J., Chen, Y., Huo, X., & Liu, L. (2020) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2020.12274 · Cited by 14

MANF Alleviates Sevoflurane-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Neonatal Mice by Modulating Microglial Activation and Polarization

Gao, J., Zhang, H., Zhou, L., Liu, J., Zhuo, E., Shen, Y., Liu, X., & Shen, Q. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03792-z · Cited by 11

Inflammation, brain connectivity, and neuromodulation in post-traumatic headache

Fiorin, F. D. S., Santo, C. C. D. E., Silva, J. T. D., & Chung, M. (2024) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100723 · Cited by 12

Die hard: necroptosis and its impact on age-dependent neuroinflammatory diseases

Smith, K., Colie, M., Moore, T., & Schisler, J. C. (2024) · Frontiers in Cell Death · doi:10.3389/fceld.2024.1348153 · Cited by 14

Ligand-receptor interactions: A key to understanding microglia and astrocyte roles in epilepsy

Thergarajan, P., O'Brien, T. J., Jones, N. C., & Ali, I. Y. (2024) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.110219 · Cited by 13

Flavonoids in the regulation of microglial-mediated neuroinflammation; focus on fisetin, rutin, and quercetin

Jasim, M. H., Abbood, R. S., Sanghvi, G. V., Roopashree, R., Uthirapathy, S., Kashyap, A., Sabarivani, A., Ray, S., Mustafa, Y. F., & Yasin, H. A. (2025) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114537 · Cited by 13

Transcriptional Signatures of Immune, Neural, and Endocrine Functions in the Brain and Kidney of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Response to Aeromonas salmonicida Infection

Liu, M., Yang, X., Zeng, C., Zhao, H.-K., Li, J., Hou, Z.-S., & Wen, H. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23031340 · Cited by 13

Novel biallelic variants in NRROS associated with a lethal microgliopathy, brain calcifications, and neurodegeneration

Macintosh, J., Derksen, A., Poulin, C., Braverman, N., Vanderver, A. L., Thiffault, I., Albrecht, S., & Bernard, G. (2022) · Neurogenetics · doi:10.1007/s10048-022-00683-8 · Cited by 13

Toll‐like receptor 10 controls TLR2‐induced cytokine production in monocytes from patients with Parkinson's disease

Sobrinho, H. M. D. R., Gomes, R. S., da Silva, D. J., Quixabeira, V. B. L., Joosten, L. A. B., Cardoso, C. R. D. B., & Ribeiro‐Dias, F. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24916 · Cited by 11

Priming of microglia by type II interferon is lasting and resistant to modulation by interleukin-10 in situ

Hemmerich, M., Malorny, N., Lewen, A., Hollnagel, J., Chausse, B., & Kann, O. (2022) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577881 · Cited by 11

Myeloid cells protect corneal nerves against sterile injury through negative-feedback regulation of TLR2–IL-6 axis

Lee, H. J., Kim, H. J., Ko, J. H., & Oh, J. Y. (2023) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-023-02710-3 · Cited by 11

Qinzhizhudan formula dampens inflammation in microglia polarization of vascular dementia rats by blocking MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway: Through integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation

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Computational Strategies to Identify New Drug Candidates against Neuroinflammation

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