Immune response of BV-2 microglial cells is impacted by peroxisomal beta-oxidation
Open accessAbstract
Microglia are crucial for brain homeostasis, and dysfunction of these cells is a key driver in most neurodegenerative diseases, including peroxisomal leukodystrophies. In X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), a neuroinflammatory disorder, very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) accumulation due to impaired degradation within peroxisomes results in microglial defects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing of key genes in peroxisomal VLCFA breakdown ( Abcd1, Abcd2 , and Acox1 ), we recently established easily accessible microglial BV-2 cell models to study the impact of dysfunctional peroxisomal β-oxidation and revealed a disease-associated microglial-like signature in these cell lines. Transcriptomic analysis suggested consequences on the immune response. To clarify how impaired lipid degradation impacts the immune function of microglia, we here used RNA-sequencing and functional assays related to the immune response to compare wild-type and mutant BV-2 cell lines under basal conditions and upon pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation. A majority of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines, as well as genes involved in phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and co-stimulation of T lymphocytes, were found differentially overexpressed. The transcriptomic alterations were reflected by altered phagocytic capacity, inflammasome activation, increased release of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF, and upregulated response of T lymphocytes primed by mutant BV-2 cells presenting peptides. Together, the present study shows that peroxisomal β-oxidation defects resulting in lipid alterations, including VLCFA accumulation, directly reprogram the main cellular functions of microglia. The elucidation of this link between lipid metabolism and the immune response of microglia will help to better understand the pathogenesis of peroxisomal leukodystrophies.
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Following LPS exposure, ABCD1-mutated microglia had numerous differentially expressed genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines or involved in phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and co-stimulation of T lymphocytes.
“Following LPS exposure, the ABCD1-mutated microglia had numerous differentially expressed genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines or involved in phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and co-stimulation of T lymphocytes.”
From Revisiting the Pathogenesis of X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (2025) · cites this paper as [352]
The Results sections on LPS response, phagocytosis, and antigen presentation report differentially expressed genes in all the categories named. However, the tested ABCD1-deficient cells were murine BV-2 cells with both Abcd1 and Abcd2 knocked out; the claim omits the Abcd2 mutation and could be read as applying to ABCD1 mutation alone. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Tawbeh, A., Gondcaille, C., Saih, F.-E., Raas, Q., Loichot, D., Hamon, Y., Keime, C., Benani, A., Di Cara, F., Cherkaoui-Malki, M., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2025.1542938 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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Bougnères, P., & Le Stunff, C. (2025) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes16050590 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tawbeh, A., Raas, Q., Tahri-Joutey, M., Keime, C., Kaiser, R., Trompier, D., Nasser, B., Bellanger, E., Dessard, M., Hamon, Y., Benani, A., Di Cara, F., Cunha Alves, T., Berger, J., Weinhofer, I., Mandard, S., Cherkaoui-Malki, M., Andreoletti, P., Gondcaille, C., & Savary, S.
- Affiliations
- Université de Bourgogne (FR)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Université Hassan 1er (MA)
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- Inserm (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Savary, Stéphane
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2023-12-18
- Volume
- 16
- Pages
- 1299314-1299314
- ISSN
- 1662-5099 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10757945
- OpenAlex
- W4389918699
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 1.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-19-CE07-0044, ANR-10-INBS-0009, ANR-11-LABX-0021, ANR-17-CE15-0032)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Lysosomal Storage Disorders Research
- Keywords
- microglia, peroxisomal beta-oxidation, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, very long chain fatty acids, BV-2 cells, ABCD1, ABCD2, ACOX1, lipopolysaccharide stimulation, inflammatory cytokines, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, inflammasome, TNF-α, lipid metabolism, neuroinflammation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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