Internalized Stigma in People Living With Chronic Pain
Open accessAbstract
Unlabelled Although persistent pain occurs in a sociocultural context, the influence of personal devaluation and invalidation is often neglected. As such, the present study sought to consider whether individuals' experience, perception, or anticipation of negative social reactions to their pain may become internalized and affect the self. To examine this issue, 92 adults with chronic pain responded to a questionnaire exploring the presence of internalized stigma and its association with a range of psychological consequences. As predicted, a large percentage of people with chronic pain (38%) endorsed the experience of internalized stigma. The results showed that internalized stigma has a negative relationship with self-esteem and pain self-efficacy, after controlling for depression. Internalized stigma was also associated with cognitive functioning in relation to pain, in terms of a greater tendency to catastrophize about pain and a reduced sense of personal control over pain. Overall, this study presents a new finding regarding the application of internalized stigma to a chronic pain population. It offers a means of extending our understanding of chronic pain's psychosocial domain. Implications are discussed in terms of the potential to inform clinical treatment and resiliency into the future. Perspective This article presents a novel finding regarding the presence of internalized stigma among people living with chronic pain. Internalized stigma is strongly associated with indicators of patient outcome. It presents an area for future work with the aim to improve our understanding and treatment of people living with pain.
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In a survey of adults with chronic pain, 38% identified with internalised stigma, and internalised stigma had a negative relationship with perceived self-esteem and pain self-efficacy.
“In a survey of adults with chronic pain, 38% identified with the concept of internalised stigma; negative appraisals of the self caused by perception or anticipation of negative social reactions from others, because of their pain.”
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- Authors
- Waugh, O. C., Byrne, D. G., & Nicholas, M. K.
- Affiliations
- Australian National University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Waugh, Olivia C.
- ORCID
- Nicholas, Michael K.
- Venue
- The Journal of Pain
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 550.e1-550.e10
- ISSN
- 1526-5900 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2043445706
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 5.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- self-stigma, chronic pain, self-esteem, pain self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, social rejection, psychosocial factors in pain, depression
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Concept, Self Efficacy, Young Adult, Social Stigma, Self Report, Catastrophization, Chronic Pain
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