Self-stigma and the “why try” effect: impact on life goals and evidence-based practices
Open accessAbstract
Many individuals with mental illnesses are troubled by self-stigma and the subsequent processes that accompany this stigma: low self-esteem and self-efficacy. "Why try" is the overarching phenomenon of interest here, encompassing self-stigma, mediating processes, and their effect on goal-related behavior. In this paper, the literature that explains "why try" is reviewed, with special focus on social psychological models. Self-stigma comprises three steps: awareness of the stereotype, agreement with it, and applying it to one's self. As a result of these processes, people suffer reduced self-esteem and self-efficacy. People are dissuaded from pursuing the kind of opportunities that are fundamental to achieving life goals because of diminished self-esteem and self-efficacy. People may also avoid accessing and using evidence-based practices that help achieve these goals. The effects of self-stigma and the "why try" effect can be diminished by services that promote consumer empowerment.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Self-stigmatization or shame can undermine motivation to seek help.
“self-stigmatization or shame can undermine motivation to seek help (23)”
From Masculinity and Help-Seeking Among Men With Depression: A Qualitative Study (2020) · cites this paper as [23]
Men with depressive symptoms may avoid treatment in order not to be labeled mentally ill or unmanly by others.
“Men with depressive symptoms may avoid treatment in order not to be labeled “mentally ill” or “unmanly” by others”
From Masculinity and Help-Seeking Among Men With Depression: A Qualitative Study (2020) · cites this paper as [23]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity
(1969) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.45.527.642 · Cited by 14,251 · see citing works
Lippa, N. C., & Sanderson, S. C. (2013) · Human Heredity · doi:10.1159/000353712 · Cited by 6,093 · see citing works
Bandura, A. (1997) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-12.1.8 · Cited by 3,499 · see citing works
The Social Psychology of Stigma
Major, B., & O'Brien, L. T. (2005) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070137 · Cited by 3,114 · see citing works
Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General
United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General (1999) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e636982009-001 · Cited by 3,105 · see citing works
Evidence-based practice in psychology.
American Psychological Association (2006) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.61.4.271 · Cited by 2,478 · see citing works
(2010) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-6626 · Cited by 2,234 · see citing works
The Paradox of Self-Stigma and Mental Illness
Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2002) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.9.1.35 · Cited by 1,919 · see citing works
Self-citationMental illness stigma: Concepts, consequences, and initiatives to reduce stigma
Rüsch, N., Angermeyer, M. C., & Corrigan, P. W. (2005) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.04.004 · Cited by 1,658 · see citing works
Self-citationInternalized stigma of mental illness: psychometric properties of a new measure
Ritsher, J. B., Otilingam, P. G., & Grajales, M. (2003) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2003.08.008 · Cited by 1,641 · see citing works
Link, B. G. (1987) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095395 · Cited by 1,588 · see citing works
The self–stigma of mental illness: implications for self–esteem and self–efficacy
Corrigan, P. W., Watson, A. C., & Barr, L. (2006) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2006.25.8.875 · Cited by 1,406 · see citing works
Self-citationCaring, Control, and Clinicians' Influence: Ethical Dilemmas in Development Disabilities
Friedman, S., Helm, D., & Marrone, J. (1999) · Ethics & Behavior · doi:10.1207/s15327019eb0904_5 · Cited by 1,327 · see citing works
The Social Rejection of Former Mental Patients: Understanding Why Labels Matter
Link, B. G., Cullen, F. T., Frank, J., & Wozniak, J. F. (1987) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/228672 · Cited by 1,265 · see citing works
Measuring the self-stigma associated with seeking psychological help
Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Haake, S. (2006) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.53.3.325 · Cited by 1,190 · cited 3× · see citing works
“In turn, the mediating role of self-esteem on several proxies of goal attainment has been tested and confirmed in four studies (23-26); goal attainment proxies include symptom reduction and quality of life.”
BackgroundHilton, J. L., & von Hippel, W. (1996) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.237 · Cited by 980 · see citing works
The Social Psychology Of Self-Efficacy
Gecas, V. (1989) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.so.15.080189.001451 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
A consumer-constructed scale to measure empowerment among users of mental health services
(1997) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.48.8.1042 · Cited by 854 · see citing works
Implementing Dual Diagnosis Services for Clients With Severe Mental Illness
Drake, R. E., Essock, S. M., Shaner, A. L., Carey, K. B., Minkoff, K., Kola, L. A., Lynde, D., Osher, F. C., Clark, R. E., & Rickards, L. D. (2001) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.52.4.469 · Cited by 694 · see citing works
Self-Stigma in People With Mental Illness
Watson, A. C., Corrigan, P. W., Larson, J. E., & Sells, M. (2006) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbl076 · Cited by 688 · see citing works
Self-citationImplementing Supported Employmentas an Evidence-Based Practice
Bond, G. R., Becker, D. R., Drake, R. E., Rapp, C. A., Meisler, N., Lehman, A. F., Bell, M. D., & Blyler, C. R. (2001) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.52.3.313 · Cited by 681 · see citing works
Internalized stigma predicts erosion of morale among psychiatric outpatients
Ritsher, J. B., & Phelan, J. C. (2004) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2004.08.003 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
(1993) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e540002004-001 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Examining the Factor Structure of the Recovery Assessment Scale
Corrigan, P. W., Salzer, M. S., Ralph, R. O., Sangster, Y., & Keck, L. (2004) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007118 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Self-citationMental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General
Smoyak, S. A. (2000) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/0279-3695-20000201-03 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Markowitz, F. E. (1998) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2676342 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
On the stigma of mental illness: Practical strategies for research and social change.
Corrigan, P. W. (2005) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10887-000 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Self-citationLabeling Mental Illness: The Effects of Received Services and Perceived Stigma on Life Satisfaction
Rosenfield, S. (1997) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2657432 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Evidence-Based Practices for Services to Families of People With Psychiatric Disabilities
Dixon, L. B., McFarlane, W. R., Lefley, H. P., Lucksted, A. A., Cohen, M., Falloon, I. R. H., Mueser, K. T., Miklowitz, D. J., Solomon, P., & Sondheimer, D. L. (2001) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.52.7.903 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Stigma and disclosure: Implications for coming out of the closet
CORRIGAN, P., & MATTHEWS, A. (2003) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/0963823031000118221 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Self-citationGroup Identification Moderates Emotional Responses to Perceived Prejudice
McCoy, S. K., & Major, B. (2003) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167203253466 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Mental Patient Status, Work, and Income: An Examination of the Effects of a Psychiatric Label
Link, B. (1982) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094963 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Evidence-Based Practice: Counterarguments to Objections
Gibbs, L. E., & Gambrill, E. D. (2002) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731502012003007 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Recovery as a Psychological Construct
Corrigan, P. W., Giffort, D. W., Rashid, F., Leary, M., & Okeke, I. (1999) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1023/a:1018741302682 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Self-citationAchieving the Promise: Transforming Mental Health Care in America
(2003) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e645522010-001 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
The Impact of Mental Illness Stigma.
Corrigan, P. W., & Kleinlein, P. (2005) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10887-001 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Self-citationSelf-efficacy and empowerment as outcomes of self-stigmatizing and coping in schizophrenia
Vauth, R., Kleim, B., Wirtz, M. A., & Corrigan, P. W. (2007) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.07.005 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Self-citationShared Decision-Making and Evidence-Based Practice
Adams, J. R., & Drake, R. E. (2006) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-005-9005-8 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Owens, T. J. (1994) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095940 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Goldstrom, I. D., Campbell, J., Rogers, J. A., Lambert, D. B., Blacklow, B., Henderson, M. J., & Manderscheid, R. W. (2005) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-005-0019-x · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Minority Identity and Self-Esteem
Porter, J. R., & Washington, R. E. (1993) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.so.19.080193.001035 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Salyers, M. P., & Tsemberis, S. J. (2007) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-007-9088-5 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Frable, D. E. S., Wortman, C. B., & Joseph, J. G. (1997) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00328.x · Cited by 211 · see citing works
The construct validity of empowerment among consumers of mental health services
Corrigan, P. W., Faber, D. W., Rashid, F., & Leary, M. (1999) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(98)00180-7 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationHerman (1993) · doi:10.1177/089124193022003002 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Markowitz, F. E. (2001) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/3090227 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-stigma in women with borderline personality disorder and women with social phobia
Rüsch, N., Hölzer, A., Hermann, C., Schramm, E., Jacob, G. A., Bohus, M., Lieb, K., & Corrigan, P. W. (2006) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000239898.48701.dc · Cited by 180 · cited 4× · see citing works
“A subsequent body of research has sought to expand modified labeling theory (19-21).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationEmpowerment and Serious Mental Illness: Treatment Partnerships and Community Opportunities
Corrigan, P. W. (2002) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1023/a:1016040805432 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationRüsch, N., Lieb, K., Bohus, M., & Corrigan, P. W. (2006) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.57.3.399 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationCarpinello, S. E., Knight, E. L., Markowitz, F. E., & Pease, E. A. (2000) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.1037/h0095162 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Empowerment and mental health in community: narratives of psychiatric consumer/survivors
Nelson, G. B., Lord, J., & Ochocka, J. (2001) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.619 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Hansson, L. I., & Björkman, T. (2005) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2004.00310.x · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Drake, R. E., Mueser, K. T., & Brunette, M. F. (2007) · PubMed Central · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Don't Call Me Nuts : Coping with the Stigma of Mental Illness
Lundin, R. K., & Corrigan, P. W. (2001) · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationOn Our Own, Together: Peer Programs for People with Mental Illness
Clay, S. (2005) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Empowerment and mental health in community : Narratives of psychiatric consumer/survivors.
Nelson, G. B., Lord, J. M., Ochocka, & Mccubbin (2001) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Don't Call Me Nuts! Coping With the Stigma of Mental Illness
Armstrong, M. (2002) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.54.1.116 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Considerations for research on consumer empowerment and psychosocial interventions
Corrigan, P. W., & Garman, A. N. (1997) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.48.3.347 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationElements of a Psychosocial Clubhouse Program Associated With a Satisfying Quality of Life
Rosenfield, S., & Neese‐Todd, S. (1993) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.44.1.76 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Rehabilitation: An Empirical Approach
Webster, S. L. (2008) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.59.5.578 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
New Perspectives on Stigma and Psychological Well-Being
Major, B. (2006) · doi:10.4324/9781410617057-16 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Rehabilitation: An Empirical Approach
Webster, S. L. (2008) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2008.59.5.578 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
On Our Own, Together: Peer Programs for People With Mental Illness
Chamberlin, J. (2006) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000249010.10285.dd · Cited by 26 · see citing works
APA Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: Quick Reference Guidelines
(2006) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423370 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Bulling, D. J., & Harvey, J. S. (2006) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hix, L. (2005) · Vanderbilt University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv17vf73b.15 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Advocacy Unlimited, Inc., Connecticut
Sangster, Y. (2005) · Vanderbilt University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv17vf73b.14 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Portland Coalition for the Psychiatrically Labeled, Portland, Maine
Elkanich, J. M. (2005) · Vanderbilt University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv17vf73b.9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mental Health Client Action Network (MHCAN), Santa Cruz, California
Schell, B. (2005) · Vanderbilt University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv17vf73b.8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Keck, L., & Mussey, C. (2005) · Vanderbilt University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv17vf73b.12 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Friends Connection, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Whitecraft, J., Scott, J. F., Rogers, J. G., Burns‐Lynch, B., Means, T., & Salzer, M. S. (2005) · Vanderbilt University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv17vf73b.13 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Hilton JL, von Hippel W. Stereotypes. Ann Rev Psychol 1996;47: 237-71.
- Rosenfield S, Neese-Todd S. Why model programs work: factors predicting the subjective quality of life of the chronic mentally ill. Hosp Commun Psychiatry 1993;44:76-8.
- Bandura A. The anatomy of stages of change. Am J Health Prom 1997;12:8-10.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Impact of Mental Illness Stigma on Seeking and Participating in Mental Health Care
Corrigan, P. W., Druss, B. G., & Perlick, D. A. (2014) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100614531398 · Cited by 1,642 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence for effective interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma and discrimination
Thornicroft, G., Mehta, N., Clement, S., Evans-Lacko, S., Doherty, M., Rose, D., Koschorke, M., Shidhaye, R., O'Reilly, C., & Henderson, C. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00298-6 · Cited by 1,338 · see citing works
On the Self-Stigma of Mental Illness: Stages, Disclosure, and Strategies for Change
Corrigan, P. W., & Rao, D. (2012) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371205700804 · Cited by 1,208 · see citing works
Self-citationDE HERT, M., COHEN, D., BOBES, J., CETKOVICH‐BAKMAS, M., LEUCHT, S., NDETEI, D. M., NEWCOMER, J. W., UWAKWE, R., ASAI, I., MÖLLER, H., et al. (2011) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00036.x · Cited by 870 · see citing works
Mental health-related stigma in health care and mental health-care settings
Henderson, C., Noblett, J., Parke, H., Clement, S., Caffrey, A., Gale-Grant, O., Schulze, B., Druss, B., & Thornicroft, G. (2014) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(14)00023-6 · Cited by 761 · see citing works
The Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health
Thornicroft, G., Sunkel, C., Alikhon Aliev, A., Baker, S., Brohan, E., el Chammay, R., Davies, K., Demissie, M., Duncan, J., Fekadu, W., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01470-2 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Self-citationKarlsen, T. H., Sheron, N., Zelber-Sagi, S., Carrieri, P., Dusheiko, G., Bugianesi, E., Pryke, R., Hutchinson, S. J., Sangro, B., Martin, N. K., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01701-3 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Measuring the impact of programs that challenge the public stigma of mental illness
Corrigan, P. W., & Shapiro, J. R. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.06.004 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Self-citationStrategies used by people who inject drugs to avoid stigma in healthcare settings
Biancarelli, D. L., Biello, K. B., Childs, E., Drainoni, M., Salhaney, P., Edeza, A., Mimiaga, M. J., Saitz, R., & Bazzi, A. R. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.037 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
“Although little research has focused on building resilience among PWID, some group therapy interventions have demonstrated modest efficacy in building resilience among people living with mental illness and HIV (Corrigan et al., 2009; Mittal et al., 2012; Rao et al., 2018).”
BackgroundExamining a progressive model of self-stigma and its impact on people with serious mental illness
Corrigan, P. W., Rafacz, J. D., & Rüsch, N. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.05.024 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Self-citationLasalvia, A., Zoppei, S., Van Bortel, T., Bonetto, C., Cristofalo, D., Wahlbeck, K., Bacle, S. V., Van Audenhove, C., van Weeghel, J., Reneses, B., et al. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61379-8 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Addressing Recognition Gaps: Destigmatization and the Reduction of Inequality
Lamont, M. (2018) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/0003122418773775 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Empirical studies of self-stigma reduction strategies: a critical review of the literature
Mittal, D., Sullivan, G., Chekuri, L., Allee, E., & Corrigan, P. W. (2012) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201100459 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Self-citationEvans-Lacko, S. E., Brohan, E., Mojtabai, R., & Thornicroft, G. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711002558 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Stigma and Treatment for Alcohol Disorders in the United States
Keyes, K. M., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., McLaughlin, K. A., Link, B. G., Olfson, M., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2010) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwq304 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
van Brakel, W. H., Sihombing, B., Djarir, H., Beise, K., Kusumawardhani, L., Yulihane, R., Kurniasari, I., Kasim, M., Kesumaningsih, K. I., & Wilder‐Smith, A. (2012) · Global Health Action · doi:10.3402/gha.v5i0.18394 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Reducing Self-Stigma by Coming Out Proud
Corrigan, P. W., Kosyluk, K. A., & Rüsch, N. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.301037 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Self-citationDubreucq, J., Plasse, J., & Franck, N. (2021) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa181 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Understanding stigma and chronic pain: a-state-of-the-art review
De Ruddere, L., & Craig, K. D. (2016) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000512 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Mental Health Stigma in the Muslim Community
Çiftçi, A., Jones, N., & Corrigan, P. W. (2013) · Journal of Muslim Mental Health · doi:10.3998/jmmh.10381607.0007.102 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat is the impact of self-stigma? Loss of self-respect and the “why try” effect
Corrigan, P. W., Bink, A. B., Schmidt, A., Jones, N., & Rüsch, N. (2015) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2015.1021902 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Self-citationThornicroft, G., Alem, A., dos Santos, R. A., Barley, E. A., Drake, R. E., Gregório, G., Hanlon, C., Ito, H., Latimer, E. A., LAW, A., et al. (2010) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00276.x · Cited by 289 · see citing works
The C factor: cognitive dysfunction as a transdiagnostic dimension in psychopathology
Abramovitch, A., Short, T., & Schweiger, A. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102007 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Van Ameringen, M., Turna, J., Khalesi, Z., Pullia, K., & Patterson, B. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22657 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Internalizing Weight Stigma: Prevalence and Sociodemographic Considerations in US Adults
Puhl, R. M., Himmelstein, M. S., & Quinn, D. M. (2017) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22029 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Maura, J., & de Mamani, A. W. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-017-9510-2 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Weight Bias and Stigma: Public Health Implications and Structural Solutions
Pearl, R. L. (2018) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/sipr.12043 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
The Impact of Stigma on People with Opioid Use Disorder, Opioid Treatment, and Policy
Cheetham, A., Picco, L., Barnett, A., Lubman, D. I., & Nielsen, S. (2022) · Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation · doi:10.2147/sar.s304566 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
DSM-V and the stigma of mental illness
Ben‐Zeev, D., Young, M. A., & Corrigan, P. W. (2010) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2010.492484 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Self-citationSubramaniam, M., Abdin, E., Picco, L., Pang, S., Shafie, S., Vaingankar, J. A., Kwok, K. W., Verma, K., & Chong, S. A. (2016) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796016000159 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Sibitz, I., Amering, M., Unger, A., Seyringer, M.-E., Bachmann, A. F., Schrank, B., Benesch, T., Schulze, B., & Woppmann, A. (2010) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.08.010 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Rüsch, N., Abbruzzese, E., Hagedorn, E., Hartenhauer, D., Kaufmann, I., Curschellas, J., Ventling, S., Zuaboni, G., Bridler, R., Olschewski, M., et al. (2014) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.135772 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Self-citationCulture, cultural factors and psychiatric diagnosis: review and projections
ALARCÓN, R. D. (2009) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2009.tb00233.x · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-stigma of mental illness scale—short form: Reliability and validity
Corrigan, P. W., Michaels, P. J., Vega, E., Gause, M., Watson, A. C., & Rüsch, N. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.04.009 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citationLessons learned from unintended consequences about erasing the stigma of mental illness
Corrigan, P. W. (2016) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20295 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationMashiach-Eizenberg, M., Hasson-Ohayon, I., Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., & Roe, D. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.03.013 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Ibrahim, N., Amit, N., Shahar, S., Wee, L.-H., İsmail, R., Khairuddin, R., Siau, C. S., & Safien, A. M. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6862-6 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Cancer care for individuals with schizophrenia
Irwin, K. E., Henderson, D. C., Knight, H. P., & Pirl, W. F. (2013) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.28431 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Peer support in mental health services
Mahlke, C., Krämer, U. M., Becker, T. M., & Bock, T. A. (2014) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000074 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-stigma among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder
Chan, K. K. S., & Lam, C. B. (2018) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2018.01.001 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Weight bias internalization, core self‐evaluation, and health in overweight and obese persons
Hilbert, A., Brähler, E., Häuser, W., & Zenger, M. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20561 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Pearl, R. L., Puhl, R. M., & Dovidio, J. F. (2014) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105313520338 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Boyle, M. (2013) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0280 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Internalized Stigma in People Living With Chronic Pain
Waugh, O. C., Byrne, D. G., & Nicholas, M. K. (2014) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2014.02.001 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Cavelti, M., Kvrgic, S., Beck, E., Rüsch, N., & Vauth, R. (2011) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.08.001 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationDiminishing the self-stigma of mental illness by coming out proud
Corrigan, P. W., Larson, J. E., Michaels, P. J., Buchholz, B. A., Rossi, R. D., Fontecchio, M. J., Castro, D., Gause, M., Krzyżanowski, R., & Rüsch, N. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.053 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationSystematic Review of the Relationship Between Autism Stigma and Informal Caregiver Mental Health
Papadopoulos, C., Lodder, A., Constantinou, G., & Randhawa, G. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3835-z · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Stigma of mental illness and service use in the military
Ben‐Zeev, D., Corrigan, P. W., Britt, T. W., & Langford, L. (2012) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2011.621468 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationPicco, L., Pang, S., Lau, Y. W., Jeyagurunathan, A., Satghare, P., Abdin, E., Vaingankar, J. A., Lim, S. L. ‐., Poh, C. L., Chong, S. A., et al. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.041 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Weight Stigma and the “Quarantine‐15”
Pearl, R. L. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22850 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Masculinity and Help-Seeking Among Men With Depression: A Qualitative Study
Staiger, T., Stiawa, M., Mueller-Stierlin, A. S., Kilian, R., Beschoner, P., Gündel, H., Becker, T., Frasch, K., Panzirsch, M., Schmauß, M., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.599039 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Quinn, D. M., Williams, M. K., & Weisz, B. M. (2015) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.1037/prj0000136 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
The distinct effects of internalizing weight bias: An experimental study
Pearl, R. L., & Puhl, R. M. (2016) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.02.002 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Prizeman, K., Weinstein, N., & McCabe, C. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04991-7 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-stigma and suicidality: a longitudinal study
Oexle, N., Rüsch, N., Viering, S., Wyss, C., Seifritz, E., Xu, Z., & Kawohl, W. (2017) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-016-0698-1 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasuring stigma affecting sex workers (SW) and men who have sex with men (MSM): A systematic review
Fitzgerald-Husek, A., Wert, M. J. V., Ewing, W. F., Grosso, A., Holland, C. E., Katterl, R., Rosman, L. M., Agarwal, A., & Baral, S. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188393 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Stuttering and Labor Market Outcomes in the United States
Gerlach, H., Totty, E., Subramanian, A., & Zebrowski, P. M. (2018) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-17-0353 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Does the stigma of mental illness contribute to suicidality?
Rüsch, N., Zlati, A., Black, G., & Thornicroft, G. (2014) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.145755 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationBeck, E., Cavelti, M., Kvrgic, S., Kleim, B., & Vauth, R. (2011) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.07.019 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Mental illness stigma and suicidality: the role of public and individual stigma
Oexle, N., Waldmann, T., Staiger, T., Xu, Z., & Rüsch, N. (2016) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796016000949 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationHirdes, J. P., van Everdingen, C., Ferris, J., Franco, M., Fries, B. E., Heikkilä, J., Hirdes, A., Hoffman, R., James, M., Martin, L., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00926 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Structures and Types of Stigma
Sheehan, L. L., Nieweglowski, K., & Corrigan, P. W. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27839-1_3 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationStakeholder perspectives on the stigma of suicide attempt survivors
Sheehan, L. L., Corrigan, P. W., Al-Khouja, M. A., & the Stigma of Suicide Research Team (2017) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000413 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationStuttering and work life: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Bricker‐Katz, G., Lincoln, M., & Cumming, S. (2013) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2013.08.001 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Krajewski, C., Burazeri, G., & Brand, H. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.08.013 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Eaton, K., Ohan, J. L., Stritzke, W. G. K., & Corrigan, P. W. (2016) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-016-0459-9 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationYu, B. C. L., Chio, F. H. N., Mak, W. W. S., Corrigan, P. W., & Chan, K. K. Y. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102029 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationMental illness, poverty and stigma in India: a case-control study
Trani, J.-F., Bakhshi, P., Kuhlberg, J., Narayanan, S. S., Venkataraman, H., Mishra, N. N., Groce, N. E., Jadhav, S., & Deshpande, S. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006355 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“Thrust into adulthood”: Transition experiences of young adults with cerebral palsy
Bagatell, N., Chan, D. V., Rauch, K. K., & Thorpe, D. E. (2016) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2016.09.008 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Mauldin, K., May, M. S., & Clifford, D. E. (2022) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.10885 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Lawlor, A., & Kirakowski, J. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.11.015 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Firmin, R. L., Luther, L., Lysaker, P. H., Minor, K. S., & Salyers, M. P. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.03.008 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Comparing Self-stigma Between People With Different Mental Disorders in Taiwan
Chang, C.-C., Wu, T.-H., Chen, C.-Y., & Lin, C. (2016) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000537 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-stigma, quality of life and schizophrenia: An outpatient clinic survey in Nigeria
Mosanya, T. J., Adelufosi, A. O., Adebowale, T. O., Ogunwale, A., & Adebayo, O. K. (2013) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764013491738 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Perugino, F., Angelis, V. D., Pompili, M., & Martelletti, P. (2022) · Pain and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40122-022-00418-5 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Kapos, F. P., Craig, K. D., Anderson, S. R., Bernardes, S. F., Hirsh, A. T., Karos, K., Keogh, E., Losin, E. A. R., McParland, J. L., Moore, D., et al. (2024) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104608 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Boyle, M. P. (2015) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.12.002 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
DeLuca, J. S. (2019) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-018-0106-3 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Stigmatization of people with addiction by health professionals: Current knowledge. A scoping review
Cazalis, A., Lambert, L., & Auriacombe, M. (2023) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports · doi:10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100196 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Testa, V., Heber, A., Groll, D., Ritchie, K., Tam‐Seto, L., Mulligan, A., Sullo, E., Schick, A., Bose, E., Jabbari, Y., et al. (2023) · Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada · doi:10.24095/hpcdp.43.10/11.09 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
What Can Stutterers Learn from the Neurodiversity Movement?
Constantino, C. (2018) · Seminars in Speech and Language · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1667166 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Rüsch, N., & Kösters, M. (2021) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-021-02076-y · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationGajaria, A., Yeung, E., Goodale, T., & Charach, A. (2011) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.09.004 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Predicting Self-Esteem and Intentions to Seek Counseling
Lannin, D. G., Vogel, D. L., Brenner, R. E., & Tucker, J. R. (2014) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000014541550 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Health Power Resources Theory: A Relational Approach to the Study of Health Inequalities
Reynolds, M. M. (2021) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/00221465211025963 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Brouwers, E. P. M., Mathijssen, J., Bortel, T. V. V., Knifton, L., Wahlbeck, K., Audenhove, C. V., Kadri, N., Chang, C., Goud, B. R., Ballester, D., et al. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009961 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Bell, S., & Eski, Y. (2015) · Policing A Journal of Policy and Practice · doi:10.1093/police/pav041 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Xu, Z., Huang, F., Kösters, M., & Rüsch, N. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.002 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationMental Health-Related Stigma in China
Xu, X., Li, X., Zhang, J., & Wang, W. (2017) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2017.1368749 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Hasson‐Ohayon, I., Kravetz, S., & Lysaker, P. H. (2016) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2012 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Shahwan, S., Goh, C. M. J., Tan, G. T. H., Ong, W. J., Chong, S. A., & Subramaniam, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19031632 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Verbeek, M. J. A., Hommes, M. A., Stutterheim, S. E., van Lankveld, J. J. D. M., & Bos, A. E. R. (2020) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2020.1750529 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Internalized stigma of mental illness in Tehran, Iran
Ghanean, H., Nojomi, M., & Jacobsson, L. H. (2011) · Stigma Research and Action · doi:10.5463/sra.v1i1.10 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
A qualitative study on the impact of internalized stigma on type 2 diabetes self-management
Kato, A., Fujimaki, Y., Fujimori, S., Izumida, Y., Suzuki, R., Ueki, K., Kadowaki, T., & Hashimoto, H. (2016) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2016.02.002 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Stuttering and the social model
Constantino, C. D., Campbell, P., & Simpson, S. (2022) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106200 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Picco, L., Abdin, E., Pang, S., Vaingankar, J. A., Jeyagurunathan, A., Chong, S. A., & Subramaniam, M. (2016) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796016000998 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Meaning in life, insight and self-stigma among people with severe mental illness
Ehrlich-Ben Or, S., Hasson-Ohayon, I., Feingold, D., Vahab, K., Amiaz, R., Weiser, M., & Lysaker, P. H. (2013) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.07.011 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Group cognitive-behavioral treatment for internalized weight stigma: a pilot study
Pearl, R., Hopkins, C. H., Berkowitz, R., & Wadden, T. (2018) · Eating and Weight Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40519-016-0336-y · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Chang, C., Lin, C., Gronholm, P. C., & Wu, T.-H. (2016) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191116658547 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Raves, D. M., Brewis, A., Trainer, S., Han, S.-Y., & Wutich, A. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01497 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
- Authors
- CORRIGAN, P. W., LARSON, J. E., & RÜSCH, N.
- Affiliations
- Illinois Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- World Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 75-81
- ISSN
- 1723-8617 (ISSN-L)
- 2051-5545
- PMC
- PMC2694098
- OpenAlex
- W1498823917
- Cited by
- 1,074
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 108 · 2021: 84 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 23.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- World Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Keywords
- self-stigma, mental illness, life goals, self-esteem, self-efficacy, evidence-based practice, consumer empowerment, stigma awareness, social-psychological model, help-seeking
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
