The economic costs of chronic pain among a cohort of treatment-seeking adolescents in the United States
Open accessAbstract
Unlabelled The aim of this study was to assess the economic cost of chronic pain among adolescents receiving interdisciplinary pain treatment. Information was gathered from 149 adolescents (ages 10-17) presenting for evaluation and treatment at interdisciplinary pain clinics in the United States. Parents completed a validated measure of family economic attributes, the Client Service Receipt Inventory, to report on health service use and productivity losses due to their child's chronic pain retrospectively over 12 months. Health care costs were calculated by multiplying reported utilization estimates by unit visit costs from the 2010 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. The estimated mean and median costs per participant were $11,787 and $6,770, respectively. Costs were concentrated in a small group of participants; the top 5% of those patients incurring the highest costs accounted for 30% of total costs, whereas the lower 75% of participants accounted for only 34% of costs. Total costs to society for adolescents with moderate to severe chronic pain were extrapolated to $19.5 billion annually in the United States. The cost of adolescent chronic pain presents a substantial economic burden to families and society. Future research should focus on predictors of increased health services use and costs in adolescents with chronic pain.Perspective This cost of illness study comprehensively estimates the economic costs of chronic pain in a cohort of treatment-seeking adolescents. The primary driver of costs was direct medical costs followed by productivity losses. Because of its economic impact, policy makers should invest resources in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic pediatric pain.
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FSS symptoms frequently sustain into adulthood, carrying a significant risk of long-term impairment, reduced probability of obtaining higher education and high use of health care costs.
“Frequently, symptoms sustain into adulthood, carrying a significant risk of long-term impairment, reduced probability of obtaining a higher education and a high use of health care costs [9–13].”
From Feasibility of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy for adolescents (AHEAD) with multiple functional somatic syndromes: A pilot study (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says that 35–73% of children and adolescents with chronic pain are at risk of continuing to have pain into adulthood. The Results report substantial health-care costs, and the Discussion describes pain-related disability in childhood. The paper does not establish reduced chances of higher education or long-term impairment, and its evidence concerns chronic pain rather than FSS generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPediatric chronic pain is related to poorer family functioning and may lead to an economic burden for parents and society.
“Pediatric chronic pain is related to poorer family functioning and may lead to an economic burden for parents and society [3,4].”
From A clinical pilot study of individual and group treatment for adolescents with chronic pain and their parents: Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on functioning (2016) · cites this paper as [4]
The Abstract reports a substantial economic burden on families and society, and Results > Productivity losses documents parents’ lost work and additional caregiving. The paper does not establish that pediatric chronic pain is related to poorer family functioning; its reported family outcomes concern economic costs and caregiving. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe economic burden observed in this study is higher than reports of adolescents seeking treatment for chronic pain.
“This is consistent with other reports of substantial costs[37] among youth receiving intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment and higher than reports of adolescents seeking treatment for chronic pain[20], likely reflecting the greater severity of pain impacts amongst adolescents attending specialty pain clinics and engaged in multidisciplinary pain care.”
From A randomized controlled trial of graded exposure treatment (GET living) for adolescents with chronic pain (2024) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Groenewald, C. B., Essner, B. S., Wright, D., Fesinmeyer, M. D., & Palermo, T. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Seattle Children's Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Groenewald, Cornelius B.
- Venue
- The Journal of Pain
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-09
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 925-933
- ISSN
- 1526-5900 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4150826
- OpenAlex
- W1965379597
- Cited by
- 391
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 23.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM086270)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD062538, R01HD065180, R21HD065180)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Keywords
- chronic pain, adolescents, economic burden, multidisciplinary pain management, health care costs, productivity loss, family financial burden, pediatric pain, health care utilization
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, United States, Health Care Costs, Cost of Illness, Chronic Pain
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