The Hikikomori Phenomenon of Social Withdrawal: An Emerging Condition Involving Youth's Mental Health and Social Participation

<i>Hikikomori</i>  : Multidimensional understanding, assessment, and future international perspectives

Kato, T. A., Kanba, S., & Teo, A. R. (2019) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12895 · Cited by 335 · see citing works

Does the ‘hikikomori’ syndrome of social withdrawal exist outside Japan? A preliminary international investigation

Kato, T. A., Tateno, M., Shinfuku, N., Fujisawa, D., Teo, A. R., Sartorius, N., Akiyama, T., Ishida, T., Choi, T. Y., Balhara, Y. P. S., et al. (2011) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-011-0411-7 · Cited by 297 · see citing works

Lifetime prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity and demographic correlates of “hikikomori” in a community population in Japan

Koyama, A., Miyake, Y., Kawakami, N., Tsuchiya, M., Tachimori, H., & Takeshima, T. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.10.019 · Cited by 295 · see citing works

Hikikomori, a Japanese Culture-Bound Syndrome of Social Withdrawal?: A Proposal for DSM-5

Teo, A. R., & Gaw, A. C. (2010) · Journal of Nervous &amp; Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181e086b1 · Cited by 276 · see citing works

Identification of the hikikomori syndrome of social withdrawal: Psychosocial features and treatment preferences in four countries

Teo, A. R., Fetters, M. D., Stufflebam, K., Tateno, M., Balhara, Y., Choi, T. Y., Kanba, S., Mathews, C. A., & Kato, T. A. (2015) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764014535758 · Cited by 229 · see citing works

The New Morbidity Revisited: A Renewed Commitment to the Psychosocial Aspects of Pediatric Care

Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health (2001) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.108.5.1227 · Cited by 187 · see citing works

General condition of <i>hikikomori</i> (prolonged social withdrawal) in Japan: Psychiatric diagnosis and outcome in mental health welfare centres

Kondo, N., Sakai, M., Kuroda, Y., Kiyota, Y., Kitabata, Y., & Kurosawa, M. (2013) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764011423611 · Cited by 179 · see citing works

The prevalence and correlates of severe social withdrawal (hikikomori) in Hong Kong: A cross-sectional telephone-based survey study

Wong, P. W. C., Li, T. M. H., Chan, M. K. Y., Law, Y., Chau, M., Cheng, C., Fu, K., Bacon‐Shone, J., & Yip, P. S. F. (2014) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764014543711 · Cited by 159 · see citing works

Home visitation program for detecting, evaluating and treating socially withdrawn youth in <scp>K</scp>orea

Lee, Y. S., Lee, J. Y., Choi, T. Y., & Choi, J. T. (2013) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12043 · Cited by 153 · see citing works

Internet Addiction, Hikikomori Syndrome, and the Prodromal Phase of Psychosis

Stip, E., Thibault, A., Beauchamp-Chatel, A., & Kisely, S. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00006 · Cited by 140 · see citing works

Hikikomori: experience in Japan and international relevance

Kato, T. A., Kanba, S., & Teo, A. R. (2018) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20497 · Cited by 135 · see citing works

Hikikomori in Spain: A descriptive study

Malagón, A., Córcoles, D., Martín‐Lopez, L. M., & Pérez, V. (2014) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764014553003 · Cited by 113 · see citing works

The ‘Hikikomori’ syndrome: worldwide prevalence and co-occurring major psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Pozza, A., Coluccia, A., Kato, T. A., Gaetani, M., & Ferretti, F. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025213 · Cited by 85 · see citing works

Psychopathology associated with social withdrawal: Idiopathic and comorbid presentations

Teo, A. R., Stufflebam, K., Saha, S., Fetters, M. D., Tateno, M., Kanba, S., & Kato, T. A. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.033 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Characteristics of socially withdrawn youth in France: A retrospective study

Chauliac, N., Couillet, A., Faivre, S., Brochard, N., & Terra, J. (2017) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764017704474 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

The Child Health Care System in Italy

Corsello, G., Ferrara, P., Chiamenti, G., Nigri, L., Campanozzi, A., & Pettoello‐Mantovani, M. (2016) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.04.048 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Quality of Life of the Hidden Youth in Hong Kong

Chan, G. H., & Lo, T. W. (2013) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-013-9279-x · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Family Features of Social Withdrawal Syndrome (Hikikomori)

Malagón-Amor, Á., Martín-López, L. M., Córcoles, D., González, A., Bellsolà, M., Teo, A. R., Bulbena, A., Pérez, V., & Bergé, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00138 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Introduction to “Diversity of Child Health Care in Europe: A Study of the European Paediatric Association/Union of National European Paediatric Societies and Associations”

Ehrich, J. H. H., Namazova-Baranova, L. S., & Pettoello‐Mantovani, M. (2016) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.04.036 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

To Conform or to Maintain Self-Consistency?HikikomoriRisk in Japan and the Deviation From Seeking Harmony

Norasakkunkit, V., & Uchida, Y. (2014) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2014.33.10.918 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Diversity and Differences of Postgraduate Training in General and Subspecialty Pediatrics in the European Union

Pettoello‐Mantovani, M., Ehrich, J. H. H., Romondia, A., Nigri, L., Pettoello-Mantovani, L., & Giardino, I. (2014) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.05.016 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Opening the Debate on Pediatric Subspecialties and Specialist Centers: Opportunities for Better Care or Risks of Care Fragmentation?

Ehrich, J. H. H., Kerbl, R., Pettoello‐Mantovani, M., & Lenton, S. (2015) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.07.060 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Characteristics of and gender difference factors of hikikomori among the working-age population: A cross-sectional population study in rural Japan.

Yong, R. K. F., Fujita, K., Chau, P. Y., & Sasaki, H. (2020) · PubMed · doi:10.11236/jph.67.4_237 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Smartphone use and addiction during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Cohort study on 184 Italian children and adolescents

Serra, G., Lo Scalzo, L., Giuffrè, M., Ferrara, P., & Corsello, G. (2021) · Italian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-021-01102-8 · Cited by 219 · see citing works

Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the 25-Item Hikikomori Questionnaire

Amendola, S., Presaghi, F., Teo, A. R., & Cerutti, R. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192013552 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Clarifying the position of hikikomori in mental health: Is hikikomori a variant of already-known mental health disorders? A review of the literature

Amendola, S. (2024) · Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology · doi:10.1177/18344909241274808 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Validation of the Italian version of the 25‐item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ‐25‐I)

Fino, E., Iliceto, P., Carcione, A., Giovani, E., & Candilera, G. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23404 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the 25-Item Hikikomori Questionnaire for Adolescents

Amendola, S., Presaghi, F., Teo, A. R., & Cerutti, R. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191610408 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Hikikomori‐like social withdrawal: An Italian case report

Orsolini, L., Longo, G., Bellagamba, S., Kato, T. A., & Volpe, U. (2023) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.13570 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Association between hikikomori (social withdrawal) and depression in Korean young adults

Park, S. M., Joo, M. J., Lim, J. H., Jang, S., Park, E., & Ha, M. J. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.125 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Sensitivity and Attachment in an Italian Sample of Hikikomori Adolescents and Young Adults

Santona, A. M. R., Lionetti, F., Tognasso, G., Fusco, C., Maccagnano, G., Barreca, D., & Gorla, L. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20126148 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Exploring Hikikomori-like idiom of distress a year into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Oman: Factorial validity of the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire, prevalence and associated factors

Al‐Sibani, N., Chan, M. F., Al‐Huseini, S., Kharusi, N. A., Guillemin, G. J., Al-Abri, M., Ganesh, A., Hasani, Y. A., & Al‐Adawi, S. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0279612 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

The mediating role of social connectedness and negative cognitive emotion regulation in the association between problematic Internet use and depression among adolescents

Xu, J.-Q., Chen, X., Chen, L.-H., Luo, D., Bao, W.-X., Yang, X., Ran, J., & Xu, J.-J. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1416073 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Statistical and clustering validation analysis of primary students' learning outcomes and self-awareness of information and technical online security problems at a post-pandemic time

Panskyi, T., & Korzeniewska, E. (2022) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-022-11436-3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Reaching hidden youth in Singapore through the Hidden Youth Intervention Program: A biopsychosocial approach integrating mental health and social work interventions

Khiatani, S., Liu, D., Yeo, B. S. S., & Wong, J. C. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1133659 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

A pedagogical interpretation of loneliness for an interiority education

Musaio, M. (2022) · Journal of Silence Studies in Education · doi:10.31763/jsse.v1i2.18 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Therapeutic comparison in psychological capital

Chan, G. H. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1114170 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

How does parental rearing patterns of children in upper primary school impact social withdrawal? A mediating effect of emotional regulation

Yu, T., Ma, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1382104 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Youth hikikomori-like social withdrawal in Italy: Two clinical cases

Orsolini, L., Bellagamba, S., Longo, G., Volpe, U., & Kato, T. A. (2023) · Psychiatry Research Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.psycr.2023.100179 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

The Association between New-Onset Depressive Symptoms and Participating in Medical Check-Ups among Elderly Individuals

Park, H., Sim, J., Oh, J., Lee, J., Lee, C., Kim, Y., Yun, B., & Yoon, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191811509 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

From Integration Deficit to Imbalanced Integration: Digital–Social Mechanisms Across Places and Migrants' Mental Health

Cheng, H. (2026) · Population Space and Place · doi:10.1002/psp.70349 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Preliminary Study of Social Withdrawal Behaviour in Vietnamese Adolescents

Do, T.-T., & Giang, T.-V. (2023) · Journal of Law and Sustainable Development · doi:10.55908/sdgs.v11i9.1241

Social Orchestras as a Resource for Child Well-Being and Development

Pettoello‐Mantovani, M., Longo, I., Vural, M., Pastore, M. N., Giardino, I., BERNARDO, G. D., Nuti, G., & Suppiej, A. (2026) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2026.115373

Psychopathology of social isolation

Baek, S.-B. (2014) · Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation · doi:10.12965/jer.140132 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

MEDIA ADDICTION AND SOCIAL ISOLATION OF YOUTH

Najmiddinova Sarafroz Najmiddinovna, A. S. B. (2025) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.17837054

HIKIKOMORIES IN INDIA: A STUDY ON THE PROBLEM OF INCREASING LONELINESS AMONG YOUTH & MEDIA INTERVENTION

Tripathi, I. (2022) · Towards Excellence · doi:10.37867/te140390

Epidemic of Loneliness in a Digital Society: Hikikomori as a Cultural and Psychological Phenomenon

Voiskounsky, A. E., & Солдатова, Г. (2019) · Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy · doi:10.17759/cpp.2019270303 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

From invisible to visible : identifying, understanding and helping socially withdrawn youth

Li, M.-H. (2015) · doi:10.5353/th_b5570795