Home visitation program for detecting, evaluating and treating socially withdrawn youth in K orea

Lee, Young Sik; Lee, Jae Young; Choi, Tae Young; Choi, Jin Tae

doi:10.1111/pcn.12043

Cited by 153Youth Substance Use and School AttendanceChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Home visitation program for detecting, evaluating and treating socially withdrawn youth in K orea

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Lee, Young Sik, Lee, Jae Young, Choi, Tae Young, Choi, Jin Tae·2013·Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

DOI 10.1111/pcn.12043

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Abstract

Aim: The problems of youth social withdrawal (or hikikomori) became a hot‐button social issue in J apan in the 1990s. Unfortunately, current nosology in the DSM‐IV may not adequately capture the concept of socially withdrawn youth (SWY) or hikikomori. This study aimed to investigate core SWY issues, evaluate SWY's psychopathologies, and approach them therapeutically through a home visitation program. Methods: Participants were 65 youth referred by community mental health centers and psychiatric clinics around S eoul and K yongki‐D o province. Among them, only 41 participants (31 male, 10 female, mean age 15 ± 3.6 years) fit our SWY criteria. In addition, 248 middle and high school students in S eoul were recruited as a baseline control group. Caseworkers interviewed the SWY participants and their parents in their homes, using our structured interview manual and a number of psychiatric scales. Caseworkers also approached the participants therapeutically. Results: Participants' D epression I nventory, T rait A nxiety I nventory, S ocial A nxiety S cale, and I nternet A ddiction S cale scores were significantly higher than those of baseline controls. Participants' mean number of psychotherapeutic sessions was 2.8, and the mean number of parental interview sessions was 3.4. After the therapeutic sessions, Global Assessment Functioning scores and social activities had improved somewhat in 68.3% of participants. Conclusion: These findings suggest that SWY is a complex phenomenon, so an individual psychopathologic process is very important for treatment. The most difficult problem in SWY treatment was therapeutic access. Hence, the home visit approach with a structured manual may be a good gateway for solving this problem.

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Biopsycho integrative approaches have been used in hidden youth interventions in Japan and Korea, and the psychosocial approach has been used in Hong Kong.
“Biopsycho integrative approaches have been used in hidden youth interventions in Japan (3) and Korea (24), and the psychosocial approach has been used in Hong Kong (28).”
From Reaching hidden youth in Singapore through the Hidden Youth Intervention Program: A biopsychosocial approach integrating mental health and social work interventions (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
For the Korea citation, the Home visitation program section (page unavailable) describes a home-based intervention with interviews of socially withdrawn youth and their parents and planned person-centered psychotherapy. That supports the use of an intervention in Korea, but the paper does not describe its program as a biopsychological integrative approach or report a biological treatment component. The Japan and Hong Kong portions are attached to other citations and are not judged here. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Home visits conducted by trained professionals are an effective method to engage the youth and family.
“Home visits conducted by trained professionals (24) are an effective method to engage the youth and family.”
From Reaching hidden youth in Singapore through the Hidden Youth Intervention Program: A biopsychosocial approach integrating mental health and social work interventions (2023) · cites this paper as [24]

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“Taking reference from previous intervention studies with this population (24, 28), the following tools may be useful for evaluative purposes, and can be administered at intake and at regular 6-month intervals: For workers, the Clinical Global Impression Scale, and for caregivers: Revised Child Anxiety and Depression S…”
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Authors: Lee, Y. S., Lee, J. Y., Choi, T. Y., & Choi, J. T.
Affiliations: Chung-Ang University Healthcare System (KR)
Cheongju St. Mary's Hospital (KR)
Daegu Catholic University (KR)
Department of Psychiatry Uijeongbu Healings Hospital Uijeongbu Korea
Corresponding author: Choi, Tae Young
ORCID: Lee, Young Sik
Lee, Jae Young
Choi, Tae Young
Venue: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2013-05
Volume: 67
Issue: 4
Pages: 193-202
ISSN: 1323-1316 (ISSN-L)
1440-1819
DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12043
OpenAlex: W1593027704
Cited by: 153
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 37.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 19 d)
Locations: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Youth Substance Use and School Attendance
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: hikikomori, home visits, depression, trait anxiety, social anxiety, internet addiction, psychopathology, parent interviews
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Child, Female, House Calls, Humans, Male, Social Behavior, Social Isolation, Behavior, Addictive, Homebound Persons, Internet, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult, Republic of Korea

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