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Childhood trauma history differentiates amygdala response to sad faces within MDD
Open accessAbstract
Objective Heightened amygdala reactivity to aversive stimuli in major depression is regarded as a core feature of the underlying physiology but individual differences in amygdala response may also arise secondary to persistent changes in limbic function during early neurodevelopment relative to stressors such as childhood trauma. We sought to determine whether heightened amygdala response is a core feature of depression or a general risk factor for psychopathology secondary to early life stress. Method Twenty unipolar depressed patients with and without a history of significant early life trauma and 16 healthy comparison subjects underwent functional MRI in a cross-sectional study comparing neural response to sad and neutral faces. Results We observed a robust positive correlation between physical abuse and right amygdala response. A much weaker relationship with other forms of abuse and neglect was also found, suggesting differences between abuse subtypes and amygdala response. Group differences in amygdala response suggest heightened reactivity was not characteristic of persons with depression in general but was true primarily in those with a significant history of abuse. Conclusion These findings suggest the relationship between childhood trauma and risk for depression is mediated by heightened amygdala response but varies by abuse type. Preliminary evidence for two distinct depression phenotypes based on trauma history was also supported, consistent with differential etiology.
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“In addition, some studies even suggested that the relation between ELS/CT and risk for adult depression is actually mediated by this preceding amygdala hyperactivity (448, 449).”
From Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation (2019) · cites this paper as [449]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Experiences of deprivation may be more likely to lead to blunted VS reactivity to reward than experiences of threat,112 while both types of ELA can produce a pattern of heightened amygdala reactivity to threat.63,86,94,95”
From Early life adversity and health-risk behaviors: Proposed psychological and neural mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [94]
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“In addition, many psychological problems other than PTSD are associated with trauma exposure (Grant et al., 2011; O’Brien & Sher, 2013; Subica et al., 2012).”
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“Abbreviations BAI: Beck anxiety inventory; BDI-II: Beck depression inventory; CTQ: Childhood trauma questionnaire; EA: Emotional abuse; EN: Emotional neglect; HAMD: Hamilton depression scale; LTE-Q: List of threatening experiences questionnaire; M: Mean; MDD: Major depressive disorder; PA: Physical abuse; PN: Physical…”
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Influence of Early Life Stress on Intra- and Extra-Amygdaloid Causal Connectivity
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“Stress exposure has been shown to predict elevated threat-related amygdala reactivity across development (Bogdan et al., 2012; Ganzel et al., 2013; Grant et al., 2011; Tottenham et al., 2011).”
Increased amygdala reactivity following early life stress: a potential resilience enhancer role
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“In contrast, post-natal depressive and anxiety symptoms [which may also be associated with childhood maltreatment (Grant et al., 2011; McCrory et al., 2011)] are related to a diminished amygdala response to faces (Moses-Kolko et al., 2010; Barrett et al., 2011).”
BackgroundIncreased activation of the fear neurocircuitry in children exposed to violence
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“Increased amygdala activation has been demonstrated in adults reporting childhood maltreatment (Dannlowski, 2013; Dannlowski, 2012; Grant, 2011; van Harmelen, 2013) as well as in maltreated or neglected children (Maheu, 2010; McCrory, 2013; Suzuki, 2014; Tottenham, 2011).”
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Behavioral Evidence for an Impairment of Affective Theory of Mind Capabilities in Chronic Depression
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“It has also been suggested that amygdala hyperactivity as a result of ELS or childhood trauma may mediate the risk for depression later in adult life [78,79].”
BackgroundChildhood trauma and amygdala nuclei volumes in youth at risk for mental illness
Nogovitsyn, N., Addington, J., de Souza, R. M., Placsko, T. J., Stowkowy, J., Wang, J., Goldstein, B. I., Bray, S., Lebel, C. A., Taylor, V. H., et al. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720003177 · Cited by 54
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“…the prominent role the amygdala plays in mediating the effects of stress, including ELS (Brydges et al., 2013; Fan et al., 2014; Fonzo et al., 2013; Grant et al., 2011; Pechtel et al., 2014; Suzuki et al., 2014; Whittle et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2014), as well as our finding of a broader positive…”
BackgroundResultRelationship of Trauma Symptoms to Amygdala‐Based Functional Brain Changes in Adolescents
Nooner, K. B., Mennes, M., Brown, S., Castellanos, F. X., Leventhal, B., Milham, M. P., & Colcombe, S. J. (2013) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21873 · Cited by 43
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“A recent study found a strong correlation between physical abuse and right amygdala reactivity to sad faces in MDD patients, showing one way in which these types of interactions could be influential (Grant et al., 2011).”
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“Five studies employed specific methods to explore neurological aspects of perception of facial expressions [49,52,53,55,56] and three attentional aspects [50,51,57].”
BackgroundInfluentialDemers, L. A., Hunt, R. H., Cicchetti, D., Cohen‐Gilbert, J. E., Rogosch, F. A., Toth, S. L., & Thomas, K. M. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579421000055 · Cited by 42
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“When viewing sad faces, depressed adults with a history of childhood maltreatment demonstrate increased amygdala activation (Grant et al., 2011).”
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Dissoziation: ein transdiagnostisches Phänomen
Wallis, H., Vogel, M., Junne, F., & Binneböse, M. (2023) · Die Psychotherapie · doi:10.1007/s00278-022-00641-7 · Cited by 37
“Bezüglich der Disposition für dissoziative Symptome zeigte sich überdies, dass Kindheitstraumata zu einer gestörten emotionalen Regulation und Veränderung der Aktivität der Amygdala führen können (Grant et al. 2011).”
BackgroundJaworska, N., Macmaster, F., Gaxiola, I., Cortese, F., Goodyear, B., & Ramasubbu, R. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/410472 · Cited by 32
Lai, C. (2013) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.12060143 · Cited by 35
Interpersonal early‐life trauma alters amygdala connectivity and sustained attention performance
Fortenbaugh, F. C., Corbo, V., Poole, V. N., McGlinchey, R. E., Milberg, W., Salat, D. H., Degutis, J. M., & Esterman, M. S. (2017) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.684 · Cited by 38
Meffert, H., Thornton, L. C., Tyler, P. M., Botkin, M. L., Erway, A. K., Kolli, V. B., Pope, K., White, S. F., & Blair, J. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718000156 · Cited by 35
“Youth with mood and anxiety disorders were included given the high comorbidity with DBDs (e.g. Angold et al. 1999; Loeber et al. 2000; Greene et al. 2002; Nock et al. 2007).”
Gene x environment interactions in conduct disorder: Implications for future treatments
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Edwards, D. (2018) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.2514 · Cited by 43
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Nagy, S. A., Kürtös, Z., Németh, N., Perlaki, G., Csernela, E., Lakner, F. E., Doczi, T. P., Czéh, B., & Simon, M. (2021) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100399 · Cited by 32
Aberrant function of frontoamygdala circuits in adolescents with previous verbal abuse experiences
Lee, S. W., Yoo, J. H., Kim, K. W., Lee, J.-S., Kim, D., Park, H., Choi, J., & Jeong, B. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.10.029 · Cited by 34
“Previous studies using subliminal emotional stimuli (Costafreda et al., 2008; Dannlowski et al., 2013) or indirectly presented stimuli during gender-matching (Grant et al., 2011) showed higher responses in the right amygdala.”
BackgroundResultFonzo, G. A., Huemer, J., & Etkin, A. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.12.015 · Cited by 33
“Moreover, recent research suggests that different prefrontal regions modulate different aspects of bottom-up reactivity instantiated in the amygdala.”
Background5-HTTLPR–environment interplay and its effects on neural reactivity in adolescents
Walsh, N., Dalgleish, T., Dunn, V. J., Abbott, R., Clair, M. S., Owens, M., Fairchild, G. F., Kerslake, W. S., Hiscox, L. V., Passamonti, L., et al. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.07.067 · Cited by 32
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“…distinguishable from a stimulus driven automatic response to highly overlearned emotional cues such as facial expressions (Dannlowski et al., 2013; Grant et al., 2011; Klein et al., 2014; Siegle et al., 2002; Van Harmelen et al., 2013), as it has been suggested that CM inhibits early development…”
BackgroundGupta, A., Bhatt, R. R., Naliboff, B. D., Kutch, J. J., Labus, J. S., Vora, P. P., Alaverdyan, M., Schrepf, A., Lutgendorf, S. K., & Mayer, E. A. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217610 · Cited by 31
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Mediating processes between stress and problematic marijuana use
Ketcherside, A., & Filbey, F. M. (2015) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.015 · Cited by 26
Gong, J., Wang, Y., Lui, S. S. Y., Cheung, E. F. C., & Chan, R. C. K. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.035 · Cited by 27
“…showed alterations in the functional connectivity between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex (Mazefsky and White, 2014), and such anomalies are also observed in individuals with history of chronic childhood adversity and other-related psychopathology (Grant et al., 2011; Williams et al., 2006).”
Fournier, J. C. J., Keener, M. T., Mullin, B. C., Hafeman, D., LaBarbara, E. J., Stiffler, R. S., Almeida, J., Kronhaus, D. M., Frank, E., & Phillips, M. L. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712000918 · Cited by 27
“Indeed, a recent report by Grant et al. (2011) found that the association between depression and amygdala activity to sad facial displays was driven largely by the prior experience of childhood maltreatment.”
BackgroundStress, psychiatric disorders, molecular targets, and more
Atrooz, F., Liu, H., & Salim, S. (2019) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.006 · Cited by 27
Stressful experiences in youth: “Set-up” for diminished resilience to chronic pain
Nelson, S., Burns, M. T. S., McEwen, B. S., & Borsook, D. (2020) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100095 · Cited by 26
Bilgi, M. M., Taspinar, S., Özkul, B., Oğuz, K., Coburn, K. L., & Gönül, A. S. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.091 · Cited by 25
“, 2011), and apparently reflecting an underlying amygdala dysfunction (Grant et al., 2011; Marusak et al., 2015).”
BackgroundHippocampal development in youth with a history of childhood maltreatment
Paquola, C., Bennett, M. R., Hatton, S. N., Hermens, D. F., Groote, I. R., & Lagopoulos, J. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.019 · Cited by 25
“Enhanced amygdala activation to emotional faces is consistently detected amongst individuals with a history CM (Bogdan et al., 2012; Grant et al., 2011; van Harmelen et al., 2013).”
BackgroundKim, A. W., Adam, E. K., Bechayda, S. A., & Kuzawa, C. W. (2020) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24105 · Cited by 25
Neural correlates of three types of negative life events during angry face processing in adolescents
Gollier-Briant, F., Martinot, M. P., Lemaître, H., Miranda, R., Vulser, H., Goodman, R., Penttilä, J., Struve, M., Fadai, T., Kappel, V., et al. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw100 · Cited by 23
“regional response (Grant et al., 2011), supporting the need to investigate the type of NLE, but it is still unclear whether findings of atypical emotional processing may generalize to juveniles who have experienced other, more common, NLE.”
BackgroundEarly life maltreatment but not lifetime depression predicts insecure attachment in women
Zietlow, A., Nonnenmacher, N., Reck, C., Mueller, M., Herpertz, S. C., Neukel, C., Fuchs, A., Bermpohl, F., Fuehrer, D., Kluczniok, D., et al. (2017) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-017-0731-z · Cited by 21
Wang, X., Liu, Q., Fan, J., Gao, F., Xia, J., Liu, X., Du, H., Liao, H., Tan, C., & Zhu, X. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.051 · Cited by 21
Altered Function of Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Adolescents with Peer Verbal Abuse History
Lee, S. W., Choi, J., Lee, J.-S., Yoo, J. H., Kim, K. W., Kim, D., Park, H., & Jeong, B. (2017) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2017.14.4.441 · Cited by 23
Skokauskas, N., Carballedo, A., Fagan, A. J., & Frodl, T. (2015) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2015.1048723 · Cited by 21
Catalán, A., Díaz, A., Angosto, V., Zamalloa, I., Martínez, N., Guede, D., Aguirregomoscorta, F., Bustamante, S. E. Z., Larrañaga, L., Osa, L., et al. (2018) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental · doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2018.10.003 · Cited by 21
The neurobiology of self-processing in abused depressed adolescents
Quevedo, K. M., Ng, R., Scott, H., Smyda, G. W., Pfeifer, J. H., & Malone, S. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416001024 · Cited by 20
Scorza, P., Merz, E. C., Spann, M. N., Steinberg, E. J., Feng, T., Lee, S., Werner, E. A., Peterson, B. S., & Monk, C. E. (2021) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-021-03903-5 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- Grant, M. M., Cannistraci, C., Hollon, S. D., Gore, J., & Shelton, R.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grant, Merida M.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 886-895
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3090525
- OpenAlex
- W1994014181
- Semantic Scholar
- 95aa569437b33717259beb8794575622516915bb
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 12.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (1 UL1 RR024975, K01 MH073092, K02 MH01697, R01 MH60713)
- National Center for Research Resources
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- childhood trauma, major depressive disorder, amygdala reactivity, physical abuse, neglect, early life stress, depression subtypes, limbic system
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Amygdala, Attention, Child, Child Abuse, Cross-Sectional Studies, Major Depressive Disorder, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Individuality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Reaction Time, Reference Values, Saliva, Young Adult
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