Attentional biases and the persistence of sad mood in major depressive disorder.
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This study examined whether attentional biases for emotional information are associated with impaired mood recovery following a sad mood induction among individuals with and without major depressive disorder (MDD). Attentional biases were assessed with an exogenous cuing task using emotional facial expressions as cues among adults with (n = 48) and without (n = 224) current MDD. Mood reactivity and recovery were measured following a sad mood induction. Mood reactivity strongly predicted mood recovery; however, this relationship was moderated by attentional biases for negative emotional stimuli. Biases for sad and fear stimuli were associated with diminished mood recovery following mood induction across the sample. However, biases for sad stimuli were associated with significantly greater impairments in mood recovery among individuals with MDD than healthy controls. Furthermore, within the MDD group, impaired mood recovery was positively associated with depression severity. These results suggest that attentional biases maintain depression, in part, by facilitating the persistence of sad mood.
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Individuals with GAD may respond poorly to motivational conflict, demonstrating deficits in attentional and cognitive elaborative regulation strategies.
“these individuals may respond poorly to this motivational conflict, demonstrating deficits in different systems of regulation30 encompassing attentional (e.g., attentional flexibility in processing both interoceptive and exteroceptive emotional stimuli31–33, 11) and more cognitive elaborative strategies (e.g., meta-cognitive awareness, cognitive reappraisal34, 35).”
From AN OPEN TRIAL OF EMOTION REGULATION THERAPY FOR GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER AND COOCCURRING DEPRESSION. (2015) · cites this paper as [32]
The Results (Attentional Bias; page unavailable) link attentional bias for emotional stimuli to impaired mood recovery, supporting the attentional-regulation part of the citation. The study concerns people with and without major depressive disorder, not GAD, and does not establish deficits in attentional flexibility across interoceptive and exteroceptive stimuli. The cognitive-elaborative examples in the citing sentence carry other citations, not this one. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIndividuals with distress disorders exhibit attentional rigidity in processing both interoceptive and exteroceptive emotional stimuli.
“At a less elaborative level, individuals with distress disorders exhibit attentional rigidity in processing both interoceptive and exteroceptive emotional stimuli (Mogg and Bradley, 2005; Clasen et al., 2013).”
From Emotion Regulation Therapy: A Mechanism-Targeted Treatment for Disorders of Distress (2017) · cites this paper as Clasen et al., 2013
Intense emotionality in distress disorders is associated with attentional rigidity in processing interoceptive and exteroceptive emotional stimuli.
“This intense emotionality is associated with attentional rigidity in processing both interoceptive and exteroceptive emotional stimuli [11–14]”
From All together now: utilizing common functional change principles to unify cognitive behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies (2019) · cites this paper as [11]
Persistent low mood may be perpetuated by negative attentional biases in major depressive disorder.
“Given that persistent low mood may be perpetuated61 by negative attentional biases in MDD breaking this cycle of attention-related biases has the potential to yield substantial improvement in wide-ranging symptomatology and overall quality of life.”
From Paying attention to attention in depression (2019) · cites this paper as [61]
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Looking While Unhappy: A Mood-Congruent Attention Bias Toward Sad Adult Faces in Children
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- Authors
- Clasen, P. C., Wells, T. T., Ellis, A. J., & Beevers, C. G.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Brown University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2013-02
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 74-85
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- PMC
- PMC3856951
- OpenAlex
- W2114854383
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 9.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (F31MH092959, R01MH076897)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- attentional bias, major depressive disorder, sad mood, mood recovery, mood reactivity, emotional facial expressions, depression severity, depression maintenance
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Cues, Major Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Young Adult
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