Normative values for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in the general German population
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to present normative values for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).Methods A representative sample of the German general population (N=4410) was tested with the HADS.Results Females are more anxious than males, and older subjects are more depressed than younger subjects. The mean scores for anxiety / depression are 4.4 / 4.8 (males) and 5.0 / 4.7 (females). Using the cut-off 8+, the percentages of elevated anxiety and depression in the total sample are 21 % and 23 %, respectively. Regression analyses proved a linear but not a curvilinear age trend of anxiety and depression. Percentile rank norms are given for anxiety, depression, and the HADS total score.Conclusion The regression coefficients allow the calculation of expected mean scores for each age and gender distribution of any sample of patients. HADS mean scores are better suited to describe the degree of anxiety and depression in patient samples compared to percentages of subjects with elevated values.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There is debate whether the HADS is best assessed via the total 14-item score or two 7-item subscale scores.
“There is some debate with respect to whether the HADS is best assessed via the total 14-item score [223–225] or two 7-item subscale (anxiety and depression) scores [219, 222, 225, 226].”
Levels of anxiety and depression were elevated in the current sample compared to Swedish and German normative samples.
“The levels of anxiety and depression were elevated in the current sample compared to Swedish and German normative samples [39,40].”
Cites
1 retracted
Wang, W., Chair, S. Y., Thompson, D. R., & Twinn, S. F. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02736.x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
RetractedThe Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139 · see citing works
The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00296-3 · Cited by 9,779 · see citing works
Herrmann, C. (1997) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(96)00216-4 · Cited by 2,885 · see citing works
SPINHOVEN, P., ORMEL, J., SLOEKERS, P. P. A., KEMPEN, G. I. J. M., SPECKENS, A. E. M., & HEMERT, A. M. V. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291796004382 · Cited by 2,158 · see citing works
Normative data for the HADS from a large non-clinical sample
Crawford, J. R., Henry, J. D., Crombie, C., & Taylor, E. P. (2001) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466501163904 · Cited by 815 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Percentile norm values are only given in the British studies [17,18] with the very high anxiety mean scores.”
BackgroundHospital anxiety and depression scale (had): Some psychometric data for a swedish sample
Lisspers, J., Nygren, A., & Söderman, E. (1997) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1997.tb10164.x · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Hospital anxiety and depression scale, Deutsche version (HADS-D)
Petermann, F. (2011) · Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1661-4747/a000077 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Stark, D. P. H., & House, A. (2000) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1054/bjoc.2000.1405 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Screening for anxiety and depression in cancer patients: the effects of disease and treatment
Ibbotson, T., Maguire, P., Selby, P., Priestman, T., & Wallace, L. (1994) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/s0959-8049(05)80015-2 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS): validation in a Greek general hospital sample
Michopoulos, I., Douzenis, A., Kalkavoura, C., Christodoulou, C., Michalopoulou, P., Kalemi, G., Fineti, K., Patapis, P., Protopapas, K., & Lykouras, L. (2008) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1744-859x-7-4 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Hospital anxiety and depression scale cutoff scores for cancer patients in acute care
Singer, S., Kuhnt, S., Götze, H., Hauss, J., Hinz, A., Liebmann, A., Krauß, O., Lehmann, A., & Schwarz, R. (2009) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604952 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Self-citationSkarstein, J., Aass, N., Fosså, S. D., Skovlund, E., & Dahl, A. A. (2000) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00080-5 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Hjermstad, M. J., Fayers, P. M., Bjordal, K., & Kaasa, S. (1998) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/s0959-8049(98)00136-1 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Stordal, E., Krüger, M. B., Dahl, N. H., Krüger, Ø., Mykletun, A., & Dahl, A. A. (2001) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00130.x · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Anxiety and depression in cancer patients compared with the general population
HINZ, A., KRAUSS, O., HAUSS, J. P., HÖCKEL, M., KORTMANN, R. D., STOLZENBURG, J. U., & SCHWARZ, R. (2009) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2354.2009.01088.x · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Self-citationParmenter, B., Testa, S., Schretlen, D. J., Weinstock-Guttman, B., & Benedict, R. (2009) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617709990750 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Jörngården, A., Wettergen, L., & von Essén, L. (2006) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-4-91 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Hinz, A., & Schwarz, R. (2001) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/s-2001-13279 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationDepression and coronary heart disease: A review for cardiologists
Carney, R. M., Freedland, K. E., Sheline, Y. I., & Weiss, E. S. (1997) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.4960200304 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Luckett, T., Butow, P. N., King, M. T., Oguchi, M., Heading, G. S., Hackl, N. A., Rankin, N. M., & Price, M. A. (2010) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-010-0932-8 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Crawford, J. R., Garthwaite, P. H., Lawrie, C. J., Henry, J. D., MacDonald, M. A., Sutherland, J., & Sinha, P. (2008) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466508x377757 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Biringer, E., Mykletun, A., Dahl, A. A., Smith, A. D., Engedal, K., Nygaard, H. A., & Lund, A. (2005) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.1390 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Rasch analysis of the dimensional structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Smith, A. B., Wright, P., Rush, R., Stark, D., Velikova, G., & Selby, P. J. (2005) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1015 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Grøenvold, M., Fayers, P. M., Sprangers, M. A. G., Bjørner, J. B., Klee, M., Aaronson, N. K., Bech, P., & Mouridsen, H. T. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00022-0 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
An evaluation of the absolute and relative stability of alexithymia in women with breast cancer
Luminet, O., Rokbani, L., Ogez, D., & Jadoulle, V. (2007) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.01.003 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Screening for depression: Rasch analysis of the dimensional structure of the PHQ-9 and the HADS-D
Kendel, F., Wirtz, M. A., Dunkel, A., Lehmkuhl, E., Hetzer, R., & Regitz‐Zagrosek, V. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.07.004 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Yun, Y. H., Kim, S. H., Lee, K. M., Park, S. M., & Kim, Y. M. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.12.014 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
A dimensional versus a categorical approach to diagnosis: Anxiety and depression in the HUNT 2 study
Bjelland, I., Lie, S., Dahl, A., Mykletun, A., Stordal, E., & Kraemer, H. (2009) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.284 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Validity of Regression-Based Norms: An Empirical Test of the Comprehensive Norms with Older Adults
Fastenau, P. S. (1998) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.20.6.906.1104 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Are men more depressed than women in Norway? Validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Nortvedt, M. W., Riise, T., & Sanne, B. (2006) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.07.002 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Anxiety and depression of patients with digestive cancer
Matsushita, T., Matsushima, E., & Maruyama, M. (2005) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2005.01417.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Bjerkeset, O. A., Nordahl, H. M., Larsson, S. M., Dahl, A. A., & Linaker, O. M. (2007) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-007-0289-6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Clover, K. A., Carter, G. L., Mackinnon, A. J., & Adams, C. (2009) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-009-0606-6 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Bækken, P. M., Skorpen, F., Stordal, E., Zwart, J., & Hagen, K. (2008) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-48 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Angst und Depression in der Allgemeinbevölkerung
Hinz, A., & Schwarz, R. (2001) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationDepression and Associated Factors in Coronary Heart Disease
Valkamo, J. H. M. (2001) · Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal · doi:10.1080/14017430152581378 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dalgard, F. J., Gieler, U., Tomas-Aragones, L., Lien, L., Poot, F., Jemec, G. B. E., Misery, L., Szabo, C., Linder, D., Sampogna, F., et al. (2015) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2014.530 · Cited by 968 · see citing works
Kappelmann, N., Lewis, G., Dantzer, R., Jones, P. B., & Khandaker, G. M. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.167 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
Anxiety symptoms in survivors of critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Nikayin, S., Rabiee, A., Hashem, M. D., Huang, M., Bienvenu, O. J., Turnbull, A. E., & Needham, D. M. (2016) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2016.08.005 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Bocéréan, C., & Dupret, É. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0354-0 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Physical activity and sleep quality in relation to mental health among college students
Ghrouz, A. K., Noohu, M. M., Manzar, M. D., Spence, D. W., BaHammam, A. S., & Pandi-Perumal, S. R. (2019) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-019-01780-z · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Siegmann, E.-M., Müller, H. H. O., Luecke, C., Philipsen, A., Kornhuber, J., & Grömer, T. W. (2018) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0190 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Watkins, L. L., Koch, G. G., Sherwood, A., Blumenthal, J. A., Davidson, J. R. T., O’Connor, C. J., & Sketch, M. H. (2013) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.112.000068 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
A scientific cognitive-behavioral model of tinnitus: Novel conceptualizations of tinnitus distress.
McKenna, L., Handscomb, L., Hoare, D. J., & Hall, D. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2014.00196 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Hinz, A., Singer, S., & Brähler, E. (2014) · Acta Oncologica · doi:10.3109/0284186x.2013.879998 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationNormative data for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Breeman, S., Cotton, S. C., Fielding, S., & Jones, G. T. (2014) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-014-0763-z · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Hinz, A., Herzberg, P., Lordick, F., Weis, J., Faller, H., Brähler, E., Härter, M., Wegscheider, K., Geue, K., & Mehnert, A. (2019) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.13129 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationIani, L., Lauriola, M., & Costantini, M. (2014) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-12-84 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Revisión de estudios de la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HAD) en muestras españolas.
Cantero, M. C. T., Cabrera‐Perona, V., & Gelabert, M. M.-A. (2015) · Anales de Psicología · doi:10.6018/analesps.31.2.172701 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Brandenbarg, D., Maass, S. W. M. C., Geerse, O. P., Stegmann, M. E., Handberg, C., Schroevers, M. J., & Duijts, S. F. A. (2019) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.13086 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Smedt, D. D., Clays, E., Doyle, F., Kotseva, K., Prugger, C., Pająk, A., Jennings, C. S., Wood, D., & Bacquer, D. D. (2012) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.06.025 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Smedt, D. D., Bacquer, D. D., SUTTER, J. D., Dallongeville, J., Gevaert, S., Backer, G. D., Bruthans, J., Kotseva, K., Reiner, Ž., Tokgözoğlu, L. S., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.015 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Prevalence and determinants of anxiety and depression in long-term breast cancer survivors
Breidenbach, C., Heidkamp, P., Hiltrop, K., Pfaff, H., Enders, A., Ernstmann, N., & Kowalski, C. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03735-3 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Mylius, V., Perez‐Lloret, S., Cury, R. G., Teixeira, M. J., Barbosa, V. R., Barbosa, E. R., Moreira, L. I., Listik, C., Fernandes, A. M., Veiga, D. D. L., et al. (2020) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002107 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Effect of Hatha yoga on anxiety: a meta‐analysis
Hofmann, S. G., Andreoli, G., Carpenter, J. K., & Curtiss, J. E. (2016) · Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1111/jebm.12204 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Rumpold, T., Schur, S., Amering, M., Kirchheiner, K., Masel, E. K., Watzke, H., & Schrank, B. (2015) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-015-2987-z · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Anxiety and depression in working-age cancer survivors: a register-based study
Inhestern, L., Beierlein, V., Bultmann, J. C., Möller, B., Romer, G., Koch, U., & Bergelt, C. (2017) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3347-9 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Calixtre, L. B., Grüninger, B. L. D. S., Chaves, T. C., & Oliveira, A. B. (2014) · Journal of Applied Oral Science · doi:10.1590/1678-775720130054 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Shalnova, S. A., Евстифеева, С. Е., Деев, А. Д., Artamonova, G. V., Гатагонова, Т. М., Дупляков, Д. В., Efanov, А. Y., Zhernakova, Y. V., Конради, А. О., Libis, R. A., et al. (2014) · Terapevticheskii arkhiv · doi:10.17116/terarkh2014861253-60 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Hinz, A., Mehnert, A., Ernst, J., Herschbach, P., & Schulte, T. (2014) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-014-2516-5 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationSubič-Wrana, C., Beutel, M. E., Brähler, E., Stöbel‐Richter, Y., Knebel, A., Lane, R. D., & Wiltink, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091846 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationFatigue in myasthenia gravis: risk factors and impact on quality of life
Hoffmann, S., Ramm, J., Grittner, U., Köhler, S., Siedler, J., & Meisel, A. (2016) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.538 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation and Related Risk Factors in the German General Population
Forkmann, T., Brähler, E., Gauggel, S., & Glaesmer, H. (2012) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31825322cf · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysical and Mental Health in Patients and Spouses After Intensive Care of Severe Sepsis
Rosendahl, J., Brunkhorst, F. M., Jaenichen, D., & Strauss, B. M. (2012) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e31826766b0 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Siebenbrodt, K., Willems, L. M., von Podewils, F., Mross, P. M., Strüber, M., Langenbruch, L. M., Bierhansl, L., Gorny, I., Schulz, J., Gaida, B., et al. (2023) · Neurological Research and Practice · doi:10.1186/s42466-023-00265-5 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Bokemeyer, B., Hardt, J., Hüppe, D., Prenzler, A., Conrad, S., Düffelmeyer, M., Hartmann, P., Hoffstadt, M., Klugmann, T., Schmidt, C., et al. (2013) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2012.02.014 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Glombiewski, J. A., Holzapfel, S., Riecke, J., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., de Jong, J., Lemmer, G., & Rief, W. (2018) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000298 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Xiao, Y., Wang, J., Chen, S., Wu, Z., Cai, J., Weng, Z., Li, C.-D., & Zhang, X. (2014) · Emergency Medicine Australasia · doi:10.1111/1742-6723.12315 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Bittner, A., Peukert, J., Zimmermann, C., Junge-Hoffmeister, J., Parker, L., Stöbel-Richter, Y., & Weidner, K. (2014) · Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1097/jpn.0000000000000027 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Young Athletes Using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Weber, S., Puta, C., Lesinski, M., Gabriel, B., Steidten, T., Bär, K., Herbsleb, M., Granacher, U., & Gabriel, H. H. W. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00182 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Social anxiety in the general population: Introducing abbreviated versions of SIAS and SPS
Kupper, N. H. M., & Denollet, J. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.08.014 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The impact of anxiety on chronic musculoskeletal pain and the role of astrocyte activation
Burston, J. J., Valdes, A. M., Woodhams, S. G., Mapp, P. I., Stocks, J., Watson, D. J., Gowler, P. R. W., Xu, L., Sagar, D. R., Fernandes, G., et al. (2018) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001445 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Relatives' perception of stressors and psychological outcomes – Results from a survey study
Matt, B., Schwarzkopf, D., Reinhart, K., König, C. M., & Hartog, C. S. (2017) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.02.036 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Kuba, K., Esser, P., Mehnert, A., Johansen, C., Schwinn, A., Schirmer, L., Schulz‐Kindermann, F., Kruse, M., Koch, U., Zander, A., et al. (2017) · Bone Marrow Transplantation · doi:10.1038/bmt.2017.190 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Besteher, B., Christian Gaser, B., Ivanšić, D., Guntinas‐Lichius, O., Dobel, C., & Nenadić, I. (2019) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101976 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Gender differences in depression, but not in anxiety in people with epilepsy
Gaus, V., Kiep, H., Holtkamp, M., Burkert, S., & Kendel, F. (2015) · Seizure · doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2015.07.012 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Fan, W., Zhang, S., Hu, J., Liu, B., Li, W., Gong, M., Wang, G., Li, Y., Chen, Y., Chen, H., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00107 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Geier, T. J., Hunt, J. C., Hanson, J. L., Heyrman, K., Larsen, S. E., Brasel, K. J., & deRoon‐Cassini, T. A. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22478 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Anxiety, depression and personality traits in severe, prednisone-dependent asthma
Amelink, M., Hashimoto, S., Spinhoven, P., Pasma, H. R., Sterk, P. J., Bel, E. H., & Brinke, A. T. (2014) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2013.12.012 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The initial development of the Pregnancy-related Anxiety Scale
Brunton, R. J., Dryer, R., Saliba, A., & Kohlhoff, J. (2019) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2018.05.004 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Livingstone, E., Krajewski, C., Eigentler, T., Windemuth-Kieselbach, C., Benson, S., Elsenbruch, S., Hauschild, A., Rompel, R., Meiss, F., Mauerer, A., et al. (2015) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2015.01.007 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Effects of Fear of COVID-19 on Mental Well-Being and Quality of Life among Saudi Adults
Alyami, M. M., de Albuquerque, J. V., Krägeloh, C. U., Alyami, H., & Henning, M. A. (2020) · Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_630_20 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Hinz, A., Finck, C., Gómez, Y., Daig, I., Glaesmer, H., & Singer, S. (2013) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0714-y · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationSpangenberg, L., Forkmann, T., Brähler, E., & Glaesmer, H. (2011) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/j.1479-8301.2011.00375.x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationTwo-year patient-reported outcomes following treatment of uveal melanoma
Hope‐Stone, L., Brown, S. L., Heimann, H., Damato, B. E., & Salmon, P. (2016) · Eye · doi:10.1038/eye.2016.188 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Obsessive–compulsive symptoms and information seeking during the Covid-19 pandemic
Loosen, A. M., Skvortsova, V., & Hauser, T. U. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01410-x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Psychological distress in cancer patients with underage children: gender‐specific differences
Ernst, J., Götze, H., Krauel, K., Romer, G., Bergelt, C., Flechtner, H., Herzog, W., Lehmkuhl, U., Keller, M., Brähler, E., et al. (2012) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.3070 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationEutrope, J., Thierry, A., Lempp, F., Aupetit, L., Saad, S., Dodane, C., Bednarek, N., Mare, L. D., Sibertin-Blanc, D., Nezelof, S., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104093 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The psychosocial burden of hand eczema: Data from a European dermatological multicentre study
Marrón, S. E., Tomas-Aragones, L., Navarro, J., Gieler, U., Kupfer, J. P., Dalgard, F. J., Lien, L., Finlay, A. Y., Poot, F., Linder, D., et al. (2018) · Contact Dermatitis · doi:10.1111/cod.12973 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Qaderi, S. M., Heijden, J. V. D., Verhoeven, R. H. A., de Wilt, J. H. W., Custers, J. A. E., Beets, G. L., Belt, E. J. T., Berbée, M., Beverdam, F. H., Blankenburgh, R., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2021.08.050 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Langvik, E., Hjemdal, O., & Nordahl, H. M. (2016) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12272 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Eichler, S., Salzwedel, A., Harnath, A., Butter, C., Wegscheider, K., Chiorean, M., Völler, H., & Reibis, R. K. (2017) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-017-1183-1 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Tomitaka, S., Kawasaki, Y., Ide, K., Akutagawa, M., Ono, Y., & Furukawa, T. A. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00390 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Webster, R., Norman, P., Goodacre, S. W., Thompson, A. R., & McEachan, R. (2014) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2014.923885 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Type D Personality Is Associated with Social Anxiety in the General Population
Kupper, N. H. M., & Denollet, J. (2013) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-013-9350-x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Collin, S. M., Nuevo, R., van de Putte, E. M., Nijhof, S. L., & Crawley, E. M. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008830 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) applied to Ethiopian cancer patients
Wondie, Y., Mehnert, A., & Hinz, A. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243357 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationKöhler, N., Friedrich, M., Gansera, L., Holze, S., Thiel, R., Roth, S. L., Rebmann, U., Stolzenburg, J. ‐., Truß, M. C., Fahlenkamp, D., et al. (2014) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.12186 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationPetit, A., Eutrope, J., Thierry, A., Bednarek, N., Aupetit, L., Saad, S., Vulliez‐Coady, L., Sibertin-Blanc, D., Nezelof, S., & Rolland, A.-C. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151091 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Caregiver burden in cystic fibrosis: a systematic literature review
Daly, C., Ruane, P., O’Reilly, K., Longworth, L., & Vega-Hernandez, G. (2022) · Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1177/17534666221086416 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Kusch, M., Labouvie, H., Schiewer, V., Talalaev, N., Cwik, J. C., Bussmann, S., Vaganian, L., Gerlach, A. L., Dresen, A., Cecon, N., et al. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07782-0 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Cognition in multiple system atrophy: a single‐center cohort study
Eschlböck, S., Delazer, M., Krismer, F., Bodner, T., Fanciulli, A., Heim, B., Heras‐Garvin, A., Kaindlstorfer, C., Karner, E., Mair, K. J., et al. (2020) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.50987 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence facilitates decision-making in the treatment of lumbar disc herniations
Wirries, A., Geiger, F., Hammad, A., Oberkircher, L., Blümcke, I., & Jabari, S. (2020) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-020-06613-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Konings, I. C. A. W., Sidharta, G. N., Harinck, F., Aalfs, C. M., Poley, J., Kieffer, J. M., Kuenen, M. A., Smets, E. M. A., Wagner, A., van Hooft, J. E., et al. (2015) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4047 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Pulmonary Hypertension and Changes during Therapy
Somaini, G., Hasler, E., Saxer, S., Huber, L., Lichtblau, M., Speich, R., Bloch, K. E., & Ulrich, S. (2016) · Respiration · doi:10.1159/000445805 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Hettich, N., Beutel, M., Ernst, M., Schliessler, C., Kampling, H., Kruse, J., & Braehler, E. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263301 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationDong, C., Xia, L., Zhao, C., Zhang, X., He, J., Zhang, G., & Zhang, J. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04887-6 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Brunson, E., Thierry, A., Ligier, F., Vulliez‐Coady, L., Novo, A., Rolland, A.-C., & Eutrope, J. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246758 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Amonn, K., Stortecky, S., Brinks, H., Gahl, B., Windecker, S., Wenaweser, P., Carrel, T. P., & Huber, C. H. (2012) · European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezs173 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The pregnancy-related anxiety scale: A validity examination using Rasch analysis
Brunton, R., Dryer, R., Krägeloh, C., Saliba, A. J., Kohlhoff, J. R., & Medvedev, O. N. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.116 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Karpenko, O., Syunyakov, T., Kulygina, M. A., Pavlichenko, A. V., Chetkina, A. S., & Andrushchenko, A. (2020) · Consortium Psychiatricum · doi:10.17650/2712-7672-2020-1-1-8-20 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
van Hof, K. S., Hoesseini, A., Dorr, M. C., Leeuw, I. M. V., Jansen, F., Leemans, C. R., Takes, R. P., Terhaard, C. H. J., de Jong, R. J. B., Sewnaik, A., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192316304 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Hinz, A., Brähler, E., Möde, R., Wirtz, H. R. W., & Bosse‐Henck, A. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationSubjective sleep quality in sarcoidosis
Bosse‐Henck, A., Wirtz, H. R. W., & Hinz, A. (2015) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.12.025 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationKonttinen, H. M., Sjöholm, K., Jacobson, P., Svensson, P., Carlsson, L. M. S., & Peltonen, M. (2019) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000003742 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Müller, G., Bombana, M., Heinzel-Gutenbrenner, M., Kleindienst, N., Bohus, M., Lyssenko, L., & Vonderlin, R. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10637-8 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Albrecht, K., Droll, H., Giesler, J. M., Nashan, D., Meiß, F., & Reuter, K. (2013) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.3238 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Wolfram, M., Bellingrath, S., Feuerhahn, N., & Kudielka, B. M. (2012) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890.2012.683465 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Telemonitoring of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Italy
Dario, C., Toffanin, R., Calcaterra, F., Saccavini, C., Stafylas, P. C., Mancin, S., & Vio, E. (2016) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2015.0224 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Anxiety and depression in young adult German cancer patients: Time course and associated factors
Geue, K., Göbel, P., Leuteritz, K., Nowe, E., Sender, A., Stöbel‐Richter, Y., & Friedrich, M. (2019) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5197 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Multidisciplinary Biopsychosocial Rehabilitation for Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain
Saragiotto, B. T., de Almeida, M. O., Yamato, T. P., & Maher, C. G. (2015) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20150359 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Li, J., Riedel, N., Barrech, A., Herr, R. M., Aust, B., Mörtl, K., Siegrist, J., Gündel, H., & Angerer, P. (2017) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2017/2853813 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Boecking, B., Biehl, R., Brüeggemann, P., & Mazurek, B. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10132798 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Zarotti, N., Simpson, J., Fletcher, I. J., Squitieri, F., & Migliore, S. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.02.030 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Altered Psychobiological Responsiveness in Women With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Suarez-Hitz, K., Otto, B., Bidlingmaier, M., Schwizer, W., Fried, M., & Ehlert, U. (2012) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e318244fb82 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Análise Fatorial Confirmatória e Normatização da Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Faro, A. (2015) · Psicologia Teoria e Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/0102-37722015032072349353 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Diagnosis and Management of Pain in Parkinson's Disease: A New Approach
Mylius, V., Möller, J. C., Bohlhalter, S., de Andrade, D. C., & Perez‐Lloret, S. (2021) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.1007/s40266-021-00867-1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Rosso, A. D., Mikhaylova, S., Baccini, M., Lupi, I., Matucci‐Cerinic, M., & Bongi, S. M. (2013) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2013/507493 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Improvement of quality of life and psychological distress after inpatient cancer rehabilitation
Riedl, D., Giesinger, J. M., Wintner, L. M., Loth, F. L. C., Rumpold, G., Greil, R., Nickels, A., Licht, T., & Holzner, B. (2017) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-017-1266-z · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Maltseva, M., Schubert‐Bast, S., Zöllner, J. P., Bast, T., Mayer, T., von Spiczak, S., Ruf, S., Trollmann, R., Wolff, M., Hornemann, F., et al. (2023) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-023-02697-3 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Lenski, D., Kindermann, I., Lenski, M., Ukena, C., Bunz, M., Mahfoud, F., & Böhm, M. (2013) · EuroIntervention · doi:10.4244/eijv9i6a114 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Krajewski, W. R., Kościelska−Kasprzak, K., Rymaszewska, J., & Zdrojowy, R. (2017) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-016-1493-1 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
A Survey of Female Sexual Functioning in the General Dutch Population
Lammerink, E. A. G., de Bock, G. H., Pascal, A., van Beek, A. P., van den Bergh, A. C. M., Sattler, M. G. A., & Mourits, M. J. E. (2017) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.04.676 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Kindermann, I., Wedegärtner, S. M., Bernhard, B., Ukena, J., Lenski, D., Karbach, J., Schwantke, I., Ukena, C., & Böhm, M. (2021) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.13416 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Charbonnier, É., Trémolière, B., Baussard, L., Goncalves, A., Lespiau, F., Philippe, A. G., & Vigouroux, S. L. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100175 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Orive, M., Antón-Ladislao, A., Lázaro, S., González, N., Baré, M., de Larrea, N. F., Redondo, M., Bilbao, A., Sarasqueta, C., Aguirre, U., et al. (2022) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-022-07177-1 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hinz, A., & Brähler, E.
- Affiliations
- Leipzig University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Hinz, Andreas
- Venue
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 74-78
- ISSN
- 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1985540648
- Cited by
- 413
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 21.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, reference values, anxiety, depression, German general population, age differences, gender differences, percentile norms, cut-off values, prevalence of anxiety and depression
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Depression, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reference Values, Sex Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
