The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Basic dimensions of temperament and their relation to anxiety and depression: A symptom-based perspective
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“but has been shown to predict the onset of anxiety in general (Hayward, Killen, Kraemer, & Taylor, 2000; Krueger, Caspi, Moffitt, Silva, & McGee, 1996; Watson, Gamez, & Simms, 2005).”
From Attentional bias and emotional reactivity as predictors and moderators of behavioral treatment for social phobia (2013) · cites this paper as Watson, Gamez, & Simms, 2005
Citations
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433
Self-citationKessler, R. C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 · Cited by 12,370
(1999) · Cited by 7,995
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed
Cooper, A. M., & Michels, R. (1981) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.138.1.128 · Cited by 7,419
Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1995) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.309 · Cited by 6,567
Self-citationThe development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure
Goldberg, L. R. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.26 · Cited by 5,530
Drake, M. M. (1988) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.42.10.683b · Cited by 5,303
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed
Kendell, R. E. (1980) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.137.12.1630 · Cited by 5,181
Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.3.316 · Cited by 4,601
Self-citationPersonality: A Psychological Interpretation
Jenkins, J. G., & Allport, G. W. (1938) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1415717 · Cited by 3,215
The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development and validation of a short version.
Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Leiberg, S., Langner, R., Kichic, R., Hajcak, G., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2002) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.14.4.485 · Cited by 2,959
Watson, D., Wiese, D., Vaidya, J., & Tellegen, A. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.5.820 · Cited by 2,103
Self-citationPositive and negative affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Carey, G. (1988) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.97.3.346 · Cited by 1,795
Self-citationTemperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders.
Clark, L. A., Watson, D., & Mineka, S. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.103.1.103 · Cited by 1,685
Self-citationPersonality: A Psychological Interpretation
Allport, G. W. (1962) · Cited by 1,578
Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders
Mineka, S., Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1998) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.377 · Cited by 1,573
Self-citationBrown, T. A., Campbell, L. A., Lehman, C. L., Grisham, J. R., & Mancill, R. B. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.110.4.585 · Cited by 1,562
Brown, T. A., Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.107.2.179 · Cited by 1,400
Why are children in the same family so different from one another?
Plomin, R. J., & Daniels, D. (1987) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00055941 · Cited by 1,360
Kessler, R. C., Nelson, C. B., McGonagle, K. A., Liu, J., Swartz, M. S., & Blazer, D. G. (1996) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/s0007125000298371 · Cited by 1,079
A fear survey schedule for use in behaviour therapy
Wolpe, J., & Lang, P. J. (1964) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(64)90051-8 · Cited by 1,027
Personality: A Psychological Interpretation.
Bernard, L. L., Allport, G. W., & Stagner, R. (1938) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2084079 · Cited by 1,000
Agoraphobia, simple phobia, and social phobia in the National Comorbidity Survey
Magee, W. J. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830020077009 · Cited by 996
The Developing Structure of Temperament and Personality From Infancy To Adulthood
Halverson, C. F., Kohnstamm, G. A., Martin, R. P., Halverson, C. F., & Kohnstamm, G. A. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315806853 · Cited by 972
Heritability of the Big Five Personality Dimensions and Their Facets: A Twin Study
Jang, K. L., Livesley, W. J., & Vemon, P. A. (1996) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00522.x · Cited by 939
Structures of personality and their relevance to psychopathology.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Harkness, A. R. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.103.1.18 · Cited by 812
Self-citationSymptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder
(1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.7.911 · Cited by 766
The validation of a new obsessive–compulsive disorder scale: The Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory
Foa, E. B., Kozak, M. J., Salkovskis, P. M., Coles, M. E., & Amir, N. (1998) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.10.3.206 · Cited by 719 · cited 1×
“Finally, these same four symptom dimensions—checking, washing, ordering, and hoarding—consistently have been identiWed in item-level analyses of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI; Foa, Kozak, Salkovskis, Coles, & Amir, 1998 ), the revised OCI (OCI-R; Foa et al., 2002), and the Schedule of Compulsions, Obsessions…”
BackgroundSimms, L. J., Watson, D., & Doebbeling, B. N. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.111.4.637 · Cited by 699
Self-citationAnxiety and depression : distinctive and overlapping features
Kendall, P. C., & Watson, D. (1989) · Academic Press eBooks · Cited by 697
Self-citationA Longitudinal Twin Study of Personality and Major Depression in Women
Kendler, K. S. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820230023002 · Cited by 650
Toward DSM—V and the classification of psychopathology.
Widiger, T. A., & Clark, L. A. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.6.946 · Cited by 540
Baer, L. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 504
Clark, L. A., Watson, D., & Reynolds, S. (1995) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.46.020195.001005 · Cited by 458
Self-citationPersonality and personality disorders.
Widiger, T. A., & Costa, P. T. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.103.1.78 · Cited by 442
Eysenck, H. J. (1990) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00915.x · Cited by 430
Trull, T. J., & Sher, K. J. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.103.2.350 · Cited by 425
Krueger, R. F., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Silva, P. A., & McGee, R. (1996) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.105.3.299 · Cited by 423
Structure of anxiety and the anxiety disorders: A hierarchical model.
Zinbarg, R. E., & Barlow, D. H. (1996) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.105.2.181 · Cited by 400
Symptom structure in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a confirmatory factor-analytic study
Summerfeldt, L. J., Richter, M. A., Antony, M. M., & Swinson, R. P. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00134-x · Cited by 352
Genetic covariation between neuroticism and the symptoms of anxiety and depression
Jardine, R., Martin, N. G., Henderson, A. S., & Rao, D. C. (1984) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.1370010202 · Cited by 351
Temperament: A new paradigm for trait psychology.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1999) · Cited by 342
Self-citationPersonality and Psychopathology: An Application of the Five‐Factor Model
Widiger, T. A., & Trull, T. J. (1992) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00977.x · Cited by 323
Chronic anxiety : generalized anxiety disorder and mixed anxiety-depression
Rapee, R. M., & Barlow, D. H. (1991) · Guilford Press eBooks · Cited by 268
Lilienfeld, S. O., Waldman, I. D., & Israel, A. C. (1994) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1994.tb00007.x · Cited by 222
Common and specific dimensions of self-reported anxiety and depression: the BDI-II versus the BDI-IA
Steer, R. A., Clark, D. A., Beck, A. T., & Ranieri, W. F. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00087-4 · Cited by 202
Finkel, D., & McGue, M. K. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.4.929 · Cited by 200
Hoarding and its relation to obsessive–compulsive disorder
Wu, K. D., & Watson, D. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.06.013 · Cited by 152
Self-citationConstruct validity of the Beck Depression Inventory in a depressive population
Schotte, C., Maes, M. H. J., Cluydts, R., Doncker, D. D., & Cosyns, P. R. (1997) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(97)00094-3 · Cited by 146
Calamari, J. E., Wiegartz, P. S., Riemann, B. C., Cohen, R. J., Greer, A., Jacobi, D. M., Jahn, S. C., & Carmin, C. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00173-6 · Cited by 143
The anxiety and depressive disorders: Descriptive psychopathology and differential diagnosis.
Clark, L. A. (1989) · Cited by 140
Premorbid personality traits of men who develop unipolar or bipolar disorders
Clayton, P. J., Ernst, C., & Angst, J. (1994) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/bf02195728 · Cited by 136
Watson, D., & Wu, K. D. (2005) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191104271483 · Cited by 131
Self-citationPersonality and psychopathology: Genetic perspectives.
Carey, G., & DiLalla, D. L. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.103.1.32 · Cited by 125
Depression and the melancholic temperament
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1995) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2410090505 · Cited by 122
Self-citationAdoption results for self-reported personality: Evidence for nonadditive genetic effects?
Plomin, R. J., Corley, R., Caspi, A., Fulker, D. W., & DeFries, J. C. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.211 · Cited by 111
Arrindell, W. A., Pickersgill, M. J., Merckelbach, H. L. G. J., Ardon, A. M., & Cornet, F. C. (1991) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(91)90014-2 · Cited by 95
Pancheri, P., Picardi, A., Pasquini, M., Gaetano, P., & Biondi, M. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00328-1 · Cited by 94
Symptom subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder and their relation to dissociation
Watson, D., Wu, K. D., & Cutshall, C. (2003) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(03)00029-x · Cited by 80
Self-citationThe nature of anxiety: Anxiety, depression, and emotional disorders.
Barlow, D. H. (1991) · Cited by 78
The structure of specific phobia symptoms among children and adolescents
Muris, P., Schmidt, H. G., & Merckelbach, H. L. G. J. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00201-0 · Cited by 71
The phobic stimuli response scales: a new self-report measure of fear
Cutshall, C., & Watson, D. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2003.08.003 · Cited by 58
Self-citationGámez, W., Watson, D., & Doebbeling, B. N. (2006) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.08.003 · Cited by 56
Self-citationIntroduction to the special issue on personality and psychopathology.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0092429 · Cited by 54
Self-citationWu, K. D., & Watson, D. (2003) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(02)00234-7 · Cited by 50
Self-citationChild personality and temperament: Does the five-factor model embrace both domains.
Digman, J. M. (1994) · Cited by 43
The Utility of the Fear Survey Schedule-III
Beck, J. G., Carmin, C. N., & Henninger, N. (1998) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(98)00007-3 · Cited by 38
Methodologic issues in a population-based health survey of Gulf War veterans
Doebbeling, B. N., Jones, M. F., Hall, D. B., Clarke, W. R., Woolson, R. F., Torner, J. C., Burmeister, L. F., Snyders-Crumley, T., Barrett, D. H., Falter, K. H., et al. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00517-0 · Cited by 27
The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study
Vollebergh, W. A. M., Iedema, J., Bijl, R. V., de Graaf, R., Smit, F., & Ormel, J. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.6.597 · Cited by 6
Watson, D. (2006) · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 76 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Widiger, 1994, Personality and the personality disorders, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 78, 10.1037/0021-843X.103.1.78 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kotov, R., Gamez, W., Schmidt, F., & Watson, D. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0020327 · Cited by 2,677
Self-citationRethinking the mood and anxiety disorders: A quantitative hierarchical model for DSM-V.
Watson, D. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.522 · Cited by 1,332
Self-citationDeYoung, C. G. (2015) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2014.07.004 · Cited by 1,057
Temperament and developmental psychopathology
Nigg, J. T. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01612.x · Cited by 971
The NIMH research domain criteria initiative: Background, issues, and pragmatics
Kozak, M. J., & Cuthbert, B. N. (2016) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12518 · Cited by 655
Metadata
- Authors
- Watson, D., Gamez, W., & Simms, L. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Watson, David
- Venue
- Journal of Research in Personality
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-02
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 46-66
- ISSN
- 0092-6566 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2166950833
- Cited by
- 340
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 10.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Research in Personality (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- temperament, neuroticism, extraversion, negative affectivity, positive affectivity, anxiety disorders, depression, anhedonia, social anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, specific phobia, subjective distress, dysphoria, behavioral avoidance, symptom-based approach
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
