Cited by 766Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum DisordersAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder

James Frederick Leckman, Dorothy E. Grice, James P. Boardman, Heping Zhang D, A Vitale, C Bondi, John P. Alsobrook, Bradley S. Peterson +5 more·1997·American Journal of Psychiatry

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Obsessive-compulsive disorder encompasses a broad range of symptoms that represent multiple psychological domains, including perception, cognition, emotion, social relatedness, and diverse motor behaviors. The purpose of these analyses was to evaluate the correlational relationships of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. METHOD: This study examined the 13 a priori categories used to group types of obsessions and compulsions in the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale symptom checklist in two independent groups of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (N = 208 and N = 98). A principal-components factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed, followed by a series of other exploratory analyses. RESULTS: The two data sets yielded nearly identical results. Four factors--obsessions and checking, symmetry and ordering, cleanliness and washing, and boarding--emerged in each data set, in total accounting for more than 60% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a multidimensional and etiologically heterogeneous condition. The four symptom dimensions identified in this study are largely congruent with those identified in earlier reports. These factors may be of value in future genetic, neurobiological, and treatment response studies.

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Crossref · 10.1176/ajp.154.7.911

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Authors
Leckman, J. F., Grice, D. E., Boardman, J. P., Heping Zhang, D., Vitale, A., Bondi, C., Alsobrook, J. P., Peterson, B. S., Cohen, D. J., Rasmussen, S. A., Goodman, W. K., McDougle, C. J., & Pauls, D. L.
Affiliations
Yale University (US)
Venue
American Journal of Psychiatry
Published
1997-07-01
Volume
154
Issue
7
Pages
911-917
ISSN
  • 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-7228
OpenAlex
W2146265387
Cited by
766
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 33
FWCI
27.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01mh044843-03)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH49351, P01MH049351, MH 44843, MH30929)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords
obsessive-compulsive disorder, obsession, compulsive behavior, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, symptom dimensions, checking, boarding, etiologic heterogeneity
MeSH terms
Adult, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Personality Inventory, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Research Design, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Tic Disorders, Reproducibility of Results, Comorbidity

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