The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism.
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This measure is based on the original 40-item NPI (Raskin and Hall, 1979, 1981), was shown to be psychometrically sound (Ames et al., 2006) and is frequently used to measure narcissism in normal populations (e.g., Peterson et al., 2012; Owens et al., 2015).”
From Narcissistic Leaders and Their Victims: Followers Low on Self-Esteem and Low on Core Self-Evaluations Suffer Most (2018) · cites this paper as Ames et al., 2006
In the citing paper
“The authors discovered that ministers who measured high in narcissism-per the NPI-16 (Ames et al., 2006), a 16-item version of Raskin and Terry's (1988) 40-item Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI)-and low in intrinsic religiosity exhibited poor ethical judgment.”
From Humility and Servant-Leadership: Toward a Solution of Pastoral Narcissism (2024) · cites this paper as Ames et al., 2006
Citations
Cites
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126
Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: the NEO personality inventory
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.5 · Cited by 3,414
Robins, R. W., Hendin, H. M., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2001) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167201272002 · Cited by 3,041
Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890 · Cited by 2,273
Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.54.5.890 · Cited by 2,267
Unraveling the Paradoxes of Narcissism: A Dynamic Self-Regulatory Processing Model
Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1204_1 · Cited by 2,215
Revision of the Self-Monitoring Scale.
Lennox, R. D., & Wolfe, R. N. (1984) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.46.6.1349 · Cited by 1,161
Narcissism: Theory and measurement.
Emmons, R. A. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11 · Cited by 1,138
Lay dispositionism and implicit theories of personality.
Chiu, C., Hong, Y., & Dweck, C. S. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.19 · Cited by 1,042
John, O. P., & Robins, R. W. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.1.206 · Cited by 1,011
Factor analysis and construct validity of the narcissistic personality inventory.
Emmons, R. A. (1984) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4803_11 · Cited by 900
Narcissism, Self-Esteem, and the Positivity of Self-Views: Two Portraits of Self-Love
Campbell, W. K., Rudich, E. A., & Sedikides, C. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167202286007 · Cited by 866
Lay dispositionism and implicit theories of personality.
Chiu, C.-Y., Hong, Y.-Y., & Dweck, C. S. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.73.1.19 · Cited by 701
The performance of narcissists rises and falls with perceived opportunity for glory.
Wallace, H. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.5.819 · Cited by 678
Individual differences in narcissism: Inflated self-views across the lifespan and around the world
Foster, J. D., Keith Campbell, W., & Twenge, J. M. (2003) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/s0092-6566(03)00026-6 · Cited by 625
Narcissistic Illusions in Self‐Evaluations of Intelligence and Attractiveness
Gabriel, M. T., Critelli, J. W., & Ee, J. S. (1994) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994.tb00798.x · Cited by 478
Narcissism and Empathy: Validity Evidence for the Narcissistic Personality Inventory
Watson, P. J., Grisham, S. O., Trotter, M. V., & Biderman, M. D. (1984) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4803_12 · Cited by 422
Rubin, Z., & Peplau, L. A. (1973) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1973.tb00104.x · Cited by 394
Mind-Reading and Metacognition: Narcissism, not Actual Competence, Predicts Self-Estimated Ability
Ames, D. R., & Kammrath, L. K. (2004) · Journal of Nonverbal Behavior · doi:10.1023/b:jonb.0000039649.20015.0e · Cited by 238
Self-citationDie Messung von Narzissmus als Persönlichkeitskonstrukt:
Schütz, A., Marcus, B., & Sellin, I. (2004) · Diagnostica · doi:10.1026/0012-1924.50.4.202 · Cited by 169
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A Brief Measure of Dark Personality Traits
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191113514105 · Cited by 2,162
The Dark Triad of personality: A 10 year review
Furnham, A., Richards, S. C., & Paulhus, D. L. (2013) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12018 · Cited by 1,619
Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.006 · Cited by 1,504
“⁎⁎⁎ p b 0.001. by Ames et al. (2006), the current scores comprise ratings on a 5-point Likert scale using anchors of Strongly disagree (1) to Strongly agree (5) (e.g., “I am apt to show off if I get the chance”).”
MethodInfluentialInitial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory.
Pincus, A. L., Ansell, E. B., Pimentel, C. A., Cain, N. M., Wright, A. G. C., & Levy, K. N. (2009) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0016530 · Cited by 1,334
Stoet, G. (2016) · Teaching of Psychology · doi:10.1177/0098628316677643 · Cited by 1,484
“This type of selection of preferred items from pairs of sentences is sometimes used in psychological scales, such as the 16-item Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Ames, Rose, & Anderson, 2006).”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Union College (US)
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ames, Daniel R.
- Venue
- Journal of Research in Personality
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-08
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 440-450
- ISSN
- 0092-6566 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2072616714
- Cited by
- 1,349
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 119 · 2021: 109 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 99 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 90 · 2015: 61 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 56 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 4.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Research in Personality (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- narcissism, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, personality assessment, self-enhancement, construct validity, respondent fatigue
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