The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This measure is based on the original 40-item NPI (Raskin and Hall, 1979, 1981), was shown to be psychometrically sound (Ames et al., 2006) and is frequently used to measure narcissism in normal populations (e.g., Peterson et al., 2012; Owens et al., 2015).”
From Narcissistic Leaders and Their Victims: Followers Low on Self-Esteem and Low on Core Self-Evaluations Suffer Most (2018) · cites this paper as Ames et al., 2006
In the citing paper
“The authors discovered that ministers who measured high in narcissism-per the NPI-16 (Ames et al., 2006), a 16-item version of Raskin and Terry's (1988) 40-item Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI)-and low in intrinsic religiosity exhibited poor ethical judgment.”
From Humility and Servant-Leadership: Toward a Solution of Pastoral Narcissism (2024) · cites this paper as Ames et al., 2006
Citations
Cites
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126
Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: the NEO personality inventory
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.5 · Cited by 3,414
Robins, R. W., Hendin, H. M., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2001) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167201272002 · Cited by 3,041
Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890 · Cited by 2,273
Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.54.5.890 · Cited by 2,267
Unraveling the Paradoxes of Narcissism: A Dynamic Self-Regulatory Processing Model
Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1204_1 · Cited by 2,215
Revision of the Self-Monitoring Scale.
Lennox, R. D., & Wolfe, R. N. (1984) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.46.6.1349 · Cited by 1,161
Narcissism: Theory and measurement.
Emmons, R. A. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11 · Cited by 1,138
Lay dispositionism and implicit theories of personality.
Chiu, C., Hong, Y., & Dweck, C. S. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.19 · Cited by 1,042
John, O. P., & Robins, R. W. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.1.206 · Cited by 1,011
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A Brief Measure of Dark Personality Traits
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191113514105 · Cited by 2,162
The Dark Triad of personality: A 10 year review
Furnham, A., Richards, S. C., & Paulhus, D. L. (2013) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12018 · Cited by 1,619
Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.006 · Cited by 1,504
“⁎⁎⁎ p b 0.001. by Ames et al. (2006), the current scores comprise ratings on a 5-point Likert scale using anchors of Strongly disagree (1) to Strongly agree (5) (e.g., “I am apt to show off if I get the chance”).”
MethodInfluentialInitial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory.
Pincus, A. L., Ansell, E. B., Pimentel, C. A., Cain, N. M., Wright, A. G. C., & Levy, K. N. (2009) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0016530 · Cited by 1,334
Stoet, G. (2016) · Teaching of Psychology · doi:10.1177/0098628316677643 · Cited by 1,484
“This type of selection of preferred items from pairs of sentences is sometimes used in psychological scales, such as the 16-item Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Ames, Rose, & Anderson, 2006).”
MethodNarcissistic admiration and rivalry: disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism.
Back, M. D., Küfner, A. C. P., Dufner, M., Gerlach, T. M., Rauthmann, J. F., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034431 · Cited by 1,255
Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder
Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215 · Cited by 1,082
“Unfortunately, no NPI subscales based on these factor solutions exhibit acceptable levels of internal consistency (del Rosario & White 2005), and thus most recent studies employ only the NPI total score or the recent shortened version (NPI-16; Ames et al. 2006).”
BackgroundSelf-presentation 2.0: Narcissism and self-esteem on facebook
Mehdizadeh, S. (2010) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0257 · Cited by 1,064
“Overall, the NPI-16 is both a valid and reliable way to capture a range of different facets of this construct, particularly in situations where the use of a longer measure would be impractical.(13)”
Egos inflating over time: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory
Twenge, J. M., Konrath, S., Foster, J. D., Keith Campbell, W., & Bushman, B. J. (2008) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00507.x · Cited by 972
Cain, N. M., Pincus, A. L., & Ansell, E. B. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.09.006 · Cited by 876
The Narcissism Spectrum Model: A Synthetic View of Narcissistic Personality
Krizan, Z., & Herlache, A. D. (2018) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868316685018 · Cited by 807
Narcissism in organizational contexts
Campbell, W. K., Hoffman, B. J., Campbell, S. M., & Marchisio, G. (2010) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.10.007 · Cited by 729
“…35 (2009), pp. 385–405 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053482210000574 15/34 Allio, 2004 American Psychiatric Association, 2000 Ames et al., 2006 Anderson and Reeb, 2003 Arregle et al., 2007 Bass, 1985 Baumeister & Kathleen 2001 Bergman et al., 2010 Blair et al., 2008 Blickle…”
The Core of Darkness: Uncovering the Heart of the Dark Triad
Jones, D. N., & Figueredo, A. J. (2012) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1893 · Cited by 681
Gender differences in narcissism: A meta-analytic review.
Grijalva, E., Newman, D. A., Tay, L., Donnellan, M. B., Harms, P. D., Robins, R. W., & Yan, T. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0038231 · Cited by 654
Executive Personality, Capability Cues, and Risk Taking
Chatterjee, A., & Hambrick, D. C. (2011) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0001839211427534 · Cited by 667
“Researchers have verified several key elements of the highly narcissistic personality: sense of entitlement, desire to be the center of attention, sense of superiority that is manifested as arrogance, and selfabsorption (Emmons, 1987; Ames, Rose, and Anderson, 2006).”
BackgroundThe dark side of creativity: Original thinkers can be more dishonest.
Gino, F., & Dan Ariely, C. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026406 · Cited by 740
Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Hyatt, C. S., & Campbell, W. K. (2017) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045244 · Cited by 572
“…of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory (FFNI) (Glover et al. 2012) grandiose dimension and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI)-16 (Ames et al. 2006) to form a grandiose composite profile and three measures of vulnerable narcissism [i.e., FFNI vulnerable, Pathological Narcissism…”
BackgroundNarcissism and Leadership: A Meta‐Analytic Review of Linear and Nonlinear Relationships
Grijalva, E., Harms, P. D., Newman, D. A., Gaddis, B. H., & Fraley, R. C. (2015) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12072 · Cited by 572
Ou, A. Y., Tsui, A. S., Kinicki, A. J., Waldman, D. A., Xiao, Z., & Song, L. J. (2014) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0001839213520131 · Cited by 595
“Ames, D. R., P. Rose, and C. P. Anderson 2006 ‘‘The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism.’’”
MethodInfluentialChabrol, H., van Leeuwen, N., Rodgers, R. F., & Séjourné, N. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.020 · Cited by 465
CEO servant leadership: Exploring executive characteristics and firm performance
Peterson, S. J., Galvin, B. M., & Lange, D. (2012) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2012.01253.x · Cited by 428
Leader narcissism and follower outcomes: the counterbalancing effect of leader humility.
Owens, B. P., Wallace, A. S., & Waldman, D. A. (2015) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0038698 · Cited by 407
Gentile, B., Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B. J., Reidy, D. E., Zeichner, A., & Campbell, W. K. (2013) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0033192 · Cited by 438
In Pursuit of Greatness: CEO Narcissism, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Firm Performance Variance
Wales, W. J., Patel, P. C., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2013) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.12034 · Cited by 358
“The final narcissism score, based on Ames et al. (2006), is the sum of the scores divided by 16.”
CEO Narcissism and the Impact of Prior Board Experience on Corporate Strategy
Zhu, D. H., & Chen, G. (2014) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0001839214554989 · Cited by 356
“Two experienced psychologists independently watched all the videos and rated each CEO’s narcissistic tendency based on the NPI-16, which is a psychometrically validated shorter version of NPI (Ames, Rose, and Anderson, 2006; O’Reilly et al., 2013).”
InfluentialSedikides, C., Wildschut, T., Routledge, C., Arndt, J., Hepper, E. G., & Zhou, X. (2015) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2014.10.001 · Cited by 348
Psychosocial Correlates of Interpersonal Sensitivity: A Meta-Analysis
Hall, J. A., Andrzejewski, S. A., & Yopchick, J. E. (2009) · Journal of Nonverbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10919-009-0070-5 · Cited by 372
O’Boyle, E. H., Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., Story, P. A., & White, C. D. (2014) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12126 · Cited by 328
Duplicity among the dark triad: Three faces of deceit.
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2017) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000139 · Cited by 324
“The 16-item version of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-16; Ames et al., 2006) uses a dichotomous (1–2) format (M 1.30, SD .19, .70).”
MethodInfluentialIntellectual humility and openness to the opposing view
Porter, T., & Schumann, K. (2018) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2017.1361861 · Cited by 314
Narcissism is a bad sign: CEO signature size, investment, and performance
Ham, C., Seybert, N., & Wang, S. (2017) · Review of Accounting Studies · doi:10.1007/s11142-017-9427-x · Cited by 315
“After reading and signing the consent form, participants then completed the 16- item Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-16) developed and validated by Ames et al. (2006).”
Wang, J., Jackson, L. A., Zhang, D., & Su, Z.-Q. (2012) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.001 · Cited by 339
Goncalo, J. A., Flynn, F. J., & Kim, S. H. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167210385109 · Cited by 312
“To assess each participant’s level of narcissism, we used the abridged Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-16) created by Ames, Rose, and Anderson (2006).”
MethodResultInfluentialAl-Dajani, N., Gralnick, T. M., & Bagby, R. M. (2016) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2015.1107572 · Cited by 303
“In an extension study, Anderson et al. (2015) examined the associations between the MMPI–”
BackgroundMoral character in the workplace.
Cohen, T. R., Panter, A. T., Turan, N., Morse, L., & Kim, Y. (2014) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037245 · Cited by 327
Skues, J. L., Williams, B., & Wise, L. (2012) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.012 · Cited by 292
CEO humility, narcissism and firm innovation: A paradox perspective on CEO traits
Zhang, H., Ou, A. Y., Tsui, A. S., & Hui, W. (2017) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.01.003 · Cited by 307
Love at first swipe? Explaining Tinder self-presentation and motives
Ranzini, G., & Lutz, C. (2016) · Mobile Media & Communication · doi:10.1177/2050157916664559 · Cited by 307
Master of Puppets: How Narcissistic CEOs Construct Their Professional Worlds
Chatterjee, A., & Pollock, T. G. (2016) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2015.0224 · Cited by 296
The Effects of the Dark Triad on Unethical Behavior
Harrison, A. J., Summers, J. K., & Mennecke, B. E. (2016) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-016-3368-3 · Cited by 277
The most human bot: Female gendering increases humanness perceptions of bots and acceptance of AI
Borau, S., Otterbring, T., Laporte, S., & Wamba, S. F. (2021) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21480 · Cited by 311
Shane‐Simpson, C., Manago, A. M., Gaggi, N. L., & Gillespie‐Lynch, K. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.041 · Cited by 320
Development and Validation of the Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS)
Konrath, S., Meier, B. P., & Bushman, B. J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103469 · Cited by 273
“Participants completed the SINS, the NPI-16 [41], and a different measure of individualism (independent self-construal) and collectivism (interdependent self-construal) — the 24-item Singelis Self-Construal Scale [60].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDispositional Sources of Managerial Discretion: CEO Ideology, CEO Personality, and Firm Strategies
Gupta, A., Nadkarni, S., & Mariam, M. (2018) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0001839218793128 · Cited by 250
“…ensure comparability with our video-based measures in the main study, we used the same measures of personality: an 11-item adjective-based extraversion measure (Cronbach’s a = .90) and the 16-item Narcissistic Personality Inventory (a = .92; Raskin and Terry, 1988; Ames, Rose, and Anderson, 2006).”
MethodIt is all about being popular: The effects of need for popularity on social network site use
Utz, S., Tanis, M., & Vermeulen, I. (2012) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0651 · Cited by 241
“In Study 2, we replicated and extended Study 1 by adding the Big Five as predictors and focusing on narcissism instead of entitlement and vanity.(22)”
The Dark Triad and Workplace Behavior
LeBreton, J. M., Shiverdecker, L. K., & Grimaldi, E. M. (2017) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104451 · Cited by 277
Krizan, Z., & Johar, O. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000013 · Cited by 234
All I need is a stage to shine: Narcissists' leader emergence and performance
Nevicka, B., Hoogh, A. H. B. D., Vianen, A. E. M. V., Beersma, B., & McIlwain, D. J. F. (2011) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.07.011 · Cited by 232
Moor, L., & Anderson, J. R. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.027 · Cited by 231
Property Lines in the Mind: Consumers’ Psychological Ownership and Their Territorial Responses
Kirk, C. P., Peck, J., & Swain, S. D. (2017) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucx111 · Cited by 244
Webster, G. D., DeWall, C. N., Pond, R. S., Deckman, T., Jonason, P. K., Le, B. M., Nichols, A., Schember, T. O., Crysel, L. C., Crosier, B. S., et al. (2013) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21507 · Cited by 258
“…the need for developing brief, efficient self‐ report measures of psychological constructs with the goal of meeting researchers’ contemporary needs (Ames et al., 2005; Donnellan et al., 2009; Gosling et al., 2003; Jonason & Webster, 2010; Rammstedt & John, 2007; Robins et al., 2001; Widaman et…”
BackgroundBraun, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00773 · Cited by 229
Spurk, D., Keller, A. C., & Hirschi, A. (2015) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550615609735 · Cited by 229
“Nonetheless, results might have been even more differentiated when using more detailed and multifaceted scales (e.g., Ames et al., 2006).”
BackgroundCarlson, E. N., Vazire, S., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023781 · Cited by 222
“The alpha internal consistency reliability was .64, and the mean score was .33 (SD ϭ .18) which is consistent with past findings (Ames et al., 2006).”
InfluentialThe Braggart's Dilemma: On the Social Rewards and Penalties of Advertising Prosocial Behavior
Berman, J. Z., Levine, E. E., Barasch, A., & Small, D. A. (2014) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmr.14.0002 · Cited by 237
“2 To obtain a manipulation check of whether the bragging treatment successfully increased the perception that Jeff is a self-promoter, we created a five-item self-promotion scale (a = .94; adapted from Ames, Rose, and Anderson 2006).”
MethodPanek, E. T., Nardis, Y., & Konrath, S. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.012 · Cited by 256
“The scale exhibits strong internal and discriminant validity in prior research (Ames et al., 2006).”
BackgroundNarcissism and Childhood Recollections: A Quantitative Test of Psychoanalytic Predictions
Otway, L. J., & Vignoles, V. L. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167205279907 · Cited by 226
Orth, U., Robins, R. W., Meier, L. L., & Conger, R. D. (2016) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000038 · Cited by 214
“Narcissism was assessed with the 16-item short form of the NPI (Ames et al., 2006).”
MethodCollective narcissism moderates the effect of in-group image threat on intergroup hostility.
de Zavala, A. G., Cichocka, A. K., & Iskra‐Golec, I. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0032215 · Cited by 232
Grijalva, E. J., & Zhang, L. (2015) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167215611636 · Cited by 242
Narcissism, director selection, and risk‐taking spending
Zhu, D. H., & Chen, G. (2014) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2322 · Cited by 221
Measures of Dark Personalities
Paulhus, D. L., & Jones, D. N. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386915-9.00020-6 · Cited by 230
Humility and the Development and Repair of Social Bonds: Two Longitudinal Studies
Davis, D. E., Worthington, E. L., Hook, J. N., Emmons, R. A., Hill, P. C., Bollinger, R. A., & Tongeren, D. R. V. (2012) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2011.636509 · Cited by 216
Volmer, J., Koch, I. K., & Göritz, A. S. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.046 · Cited by 211
Evidence for two facets of pride in consumption: Findings from luxury brands
McFerran, B., Aquino, K. F., & Tracy, J. L. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2014.03.004 · Cited by 232
Self-Love's Lost Labor: A Self-Enhancement Model of Workplace Incivility
Chen, Y., Ferris, D. L., Kwan, H. K., Yan, M. N., Zhou, M., & Hong, Y. (2012) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2010.0906 · Cited by 223
Entrepreneurial personality: The role of narcissism
Mathieu, C., & St-Jean, É. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.04.026 · Cited by 208
“However, Ames et al. (2006) reported that the NPI-16 paralleled the NPI-40 in its relation”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDevelopment of a brief version of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory.
Schoenleber, M. L., Roche, M. J., Wetzel, E., Pincus, A. L., & Roberts, B. W. (2015) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000158 · Cited by 219
Miller, J. D., McCain, J., Lynam, D. R., Few, L. R., Gentile, B., MacKillop, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2014) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0036613 · Cited by 222
“Again, the NPI manifested the greatest similarity to the expert ratings of NPD, despite being measured with an abbreviated version of this measure (NPI-16; Ames, Rose, & Anderson, 2006; r ϭ .80).”
BackgroundInfluentialExploring the affective impact, boundary conditions, and antecedents of leader humility.
Wang, L., Owens, B. P., Li, J., & Shi, L. (2018) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000314 · Cited by 213
Casale, S., & Fioravanti, G. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.08.038 · Cited by 202
Narcissism and social media use: A meta-analytic review.
McCain, J. L., & Campbell, W. K. (2018) · Psychology of Popular Media Culture · doi:10.1037/ppm0000137 · Cited by 247
Leckelt, M., Wetzel, E., Gerlach, T. M., Ackerman, R. A., Miller, J. D., Chopik, W. J., Penke, L., Geukes, K., Küfner, A. C. P., Hutteman, R., et al. (2017) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000433 · Cited by 206
Yarımoğlu, E., & BİNBOĞA, G. (2018) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.2270 · Cited by 211
Perceiver effects as projective tests: What your perceptions of others say about you.
Wood, D., Harms, P., & Vazire, S. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019390 · Cited by 184
Foti, R. J., Bray, B. C., Thompson, N. J., & Allgood, S. F. (2012) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.03.007 · Cited by 183
Trzesniewski, K. H., Donnellan, M. B., & Robins, R. W. (2008) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02065.x · Cited by 183
The Illusion of Moral Superiority
Tappin, B. M., & McKay, R. (2016) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550616673878 · Cited by 187
The Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Self-Objectification Beliefs and Behaviors Scale
Lindner, D., & Tantleff‐Dunn, S. (2017) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684317692109 · Cited by 180
“There is evidence of the scale’s convergent and discriminant validity and test–retest reliability in undergraduate students (Ames et al., 2006).”
BackgroundThe Dark Triad and dispositional aggression
Jones, D. N., & Neria, A. L. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.021 · Cited by 178
The harder they fall, the faster they rise: Approach and avoidance focus in narcissistic CEOs
Patel, P. C., & Cooper, D. (2013) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2162 · Cited by 178
Meshi, D., Morawetz, C., & Heekeren, H. R. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00439 · Cited by 181
“Narcissistic Personality Inventory (16 question) (Ames et al., 2006) 4.”
Narcissism and problematic social media use: A systematic literature review
Casale, S., & Banchi, V. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100252 · Cited by 212
Narcissism and learning from entrepreneurial failure
Liu, Y., Li, Y., Hao, X., & Zhang, Y. (2019) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2019.01.003 · Cited by 172
Feddes, A. R., Mann, L., & Doosje, B. (2015) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12307 · Cited by 179
Envy Divides the Two Faces of Narcissism
Križan, Z., & Johar, O. (2011) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2012.00767.x · Cited by 190
Does Facebook usage lead to conspicuous consumption?
Taylor, D. G., & Strutton, D. R. (2016) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-01-2015-0009 · Cited by 188
The abbreviation of personality, or how to measure 200 personality scales with 200 items
Yarkoni, T. (2010) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.01.002 · Cited by 167
Differential infidelity patterns among the Dark Triad
Jones, D. N., & Weiser, D. A. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.09.007 · Cited by 165
“Concerns stemming from the NPI-16, however, are minimal given that the NPI-16, when used as a single composite, has sufficient validity and reliability estimates (Ames et al., 2006).”
BackgroundÖzsoy, E., Rauthmann, J. F., Jonason, P. K., & Ardıç, K. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.019 · Cited by 163
“We examined internal consistency, factor structures, and convergent and discriminant validity of the scales using the Mach-IV, LSRP, NPI-16, Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, and Big Five scales.”
MethodInfluential“See You in Court”: How CEO narcissism increases firms' vulnerability to lawsuits
O’Reilly, C. A., Doerr, B., & Chatman, J. A. (2017) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.08.001 · Cited by 175
DeWall, C. N., Buffardi, L. E., Bonser, I., & Campbell, W. K. (2011) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.03.011 · Cited by 171
Rosenthal, S. A., & Hooley, J. M. (2010) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.05.008 · Cited by 162
Mahadevan, N., Gregg, A. P., & Sedikides, C. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000189 · Cited by 158
Martin, S. R., Côté, S., & Woodruff, T. (2016) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2015.0680 · Cited by 155
Odacı, H., & Çelik, Ç. B. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.026 · Cited by 160
Assessing Personality States: What to Consider when Constructing Personality State Measures
Horstmann, K. T., & Ziegler, M. D. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2266 · Cited by 158
The Strategic Helper: Narcissism and Prosocial Motives and Behaviors
Konrath, S., Ho, M.-H., & Zarins, S. (2016) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-016-9417-3 · Cited by 146
“We measured narcissism using the 16-item Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Ames et al. 2006).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Dark Triad and animal cruelty: Dark personalities, dark attitudes, and dark behaviors
Kavanagh, P. S., Signal, T. D., & Taylor, N. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.05.019 · Cited by 144
You, Y., Yang, X., Wang, L., & Deng, X. (2019) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/0022242919889894 · Cited by 143
“Afterward, participants were presented with 16 pairs of statements that assessed their level of narcissism (Ames, Rose, and Anderson 2006) and asked to indicate which statement in each pair was more applicable to them.”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Union College (US)
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ames, Daniel R.
- Venue
- Journal of Research in Personality
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-08
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 440-450
- ISSN
- 0092-6566 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2072616714
- Cited by
- 1,349
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 119 · 2021: 109 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 99 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 90 · 2015: 61 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 56 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 4.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Research in Personality (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- narcissism, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, personality assessment, self-enhancement, construct validity, respondent fatigue
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review