Time frames and the distinction between affective and cognitive well-being

“However, this effect was not replicated using two alternative measures of AWB (Watson et al., 1988).”

“During the morning lab session, participants indicated their CWB using the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al., 1985) and their AWB in the past week using a battery of affective adjectives.”

“In Study 1, we estimated the convergent and discriminant validity of different time frames in an MTMM design (Campbell & Fiske, 1959).”

“Emotional stability and extraversion were assessed with 20 adjectives from Goldberg’s (1992) Big Five Inventory.”

“To keep the survey economic, emotional stability and extraversion were assessed with the respective two-item subscales of the Big Five Inventory-Short Version (BFI-S; Rammstedt & John, 2007).”

“This approach is more appropriate than the more commonly used maximum likelihood estimation method when the indicators are not metric but ordinal (Flora & Curran, 2004).”

“With respect to personality, we focus on emotional stability (or neuroticism) and extraversion because these personality traits have consistently been found to correlate with both AWB and CWB (DeNeve & Cooper, 1998; Steel et al., 2008).”

“Specifically, the relevance of stable SWB sources referring to general life circumstances should increase with increasing time frames, and the relevance of variable sources referring to specific events and activities should decrease with increasing time frames for both AWB and CWB (Diener, 1994; Schimmack et al., 2002…”

“General discussion A number of recent studies have found that AWB and CWB are differentially affected by and related to personality (Schimmack et al., 2008), life events (Luhmann et al., 2012), and health and longevity (Diener & Chan, 2011; Wiest et al., 2011).”

“With respect to personality, we focus on emotional stability (or neuroticism) and extraversion because these personality traits have consistently been found to correlate with both AWB and CWB (DeNeve & Cooper, 1998; Steel et al., 2008).”

“Income is positively correlated with SWB (Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002; Diener et al., 2010), whereas negative work-related events such as getting fired are negatively correlated with SWB (Luhmann et al., 2012).”

“In the meta-analysis on life events (Luhmann et al., 2012), 79.”

“Income is positively correlated with SWB (Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002; Diener et al., 2010), whereas negative work-related events such as getting fired are negatively correlated with SWB (Luhmann et al.”

“…-PA Author M anuscript transient than the global life circumstances, which may explain why some studies (though not ours) found that CWB and AWB differ in their temporal stability (Eid & Diener, 2004; Luhmann et al., 2011) and in their sensitivity towards major life events (Luhmann et al., 2012).”

“Introduction Subjective well-being (SWB) is a multi-faceted construct comprising affective and cognitive components1 (Busseri & Sadava, 2011; Diener, 1984; Lucas, Diener, & Suh, 1996; Schimmack, 2008).”

“In his evaluation of different measures of AWB including the PANAS (Watson et al., 1988), Watson (1988) used a between-subject design to compare six different time frames.”

“Stable sources seem to be more relevant in CWB ratings (Schimmack & Oishi, 2005).”

“According to Schimmack et al. (2002), SWB judgments are mainly based on two types of chronically accessible sources of information: Variable sources comprise specific events, activities, or emotional states whereas stable sources comprise global life domains and general life circumstances.”

“N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript effects on CWB (Diener, Ng, Harter, & Arora, 2010; Schimmack et al., 2008).”

“2Tuesday was chosen because mood tends to be lower on Mondays and higher on Sundays (Larsen & Kasimatis, 1990).”

“, 2012), and health and longevity (Diener & Chan, 2011; Wiest et al., 2011).”

“…-PA Author M anuscript transient than the global life circumstances, which may explain why some studies (though not ours) found that CWB and AWB differ in their temporal stability (Eid & Diener, 2004; Luhmann et al., 2011) and in their sensitivity towards major life events (Luhmann et al., 2012).”

“Furthermore, both AWB and CWB are related to personality characteristics such as emotional stability and extraversion, but these correlations are typically stronger for AWB (Jovanovic, 2011; Schimmack, Diener, & Oishi, 2002; Schimmack, Schupp, & Wagner, 2008; Steel, Schmidt, & Shultz, 2008).”

“1) and examined the correlations among these latent factors.4 This correlation matrix corresponds to the classic MTMM matrix proposed by Campbell and Fiske (1959) except that the estimates are not distorted by measurement error (Eid et al., 2006).”

“In confirmatory factor analyses, these three temporal dimensions of life satisfaction loaded on three distinct but highly correlated latent factors (McIntosh, 2001).”

“Luhmann et al. (2012) finding that life satisfaction predicts events more strongly in the immediately ensuing years than years later points to the likelihood that life dissatisfaction is due to dissatisfaction with specific aspects of life such as job or living location that are not fixed.”

“Life satisfaction is generally measured using a long time frame (e.g., 10 years) whereas positive feelings and negative feelings are measured using short time frames (e.g., 2 weeks or yesterday) (e.g., Luhmann et al. 2012).”

“Further, positive affect and life satisfaction are two core components of mental well-being and were also included.(18) Mental ill-health is defined as a broad term encompassing mental health disorders and preclinical mental health problems.”