Cited by 50Sexual Differentiation and DisordersEstrogen and related hormone effectsGenetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities

Sexual differentiation of the rodent hypothalamus: Hormonal and environmental influences

Negri-Cesi, Paola, Colciago, Alessandra, Pravettoni, Antonia, Casati, Lavinia, Conti, Luciano, Celotti, Fabio·2008·The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Abstract

Brain sexual differentiation is a complex developmental phenomenon influenced by the genetic background, sex hormone secretions and environmental inputs, including pollution. The main hormonal drive to masculinize and defeminize the rodent brain is testosterone secreted by the testis. The hormone does not influence sex brain differentiation only in its native configuration, but it mostly needs local conversion into active metabolites (estradiol and DHT) through the action of specific enzymatic systems: the aromatase and 5alpha-reductase (5alpha-R), respectively. This allows the hormone to control target cell gene expression either through the estrogen (ER) or the androgen (AR) receptors. The developmental profile of testosterone metabolizing enzymes, different in the two sexes, is therefore of the utmost importance in affecting the bioavailability of the steroids active in brain differentiation. Widely diffused pollutants, like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are able to affect the production and/or action of testosterone metabolites, exerting detrimental influences on reproduction and sex behavior. The main studies performed in our and other laboratories concerning the pattern of expression and the control of the enzymatic systems involved in brain androgen action and metabolism are shortly reviewed. Some recent data on the influence exerted by PCBs on these metabolic systems are also reported.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.03.003

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  • If the brain is exposed to testosterone either from its own testes in males or from an exogenous source in females, it will be masculinized.

    “If the brain is exposed to testosterone either from its own testes in males or from an exogenous source in females, it will be masculinized [59–64].”

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Authors
Negri-Cesi, P., Colciago, A., Pravettoni, A., Casati, L., Conti, L., & Celotti, F.
Affiliations
University of Milan (IT)
Venue
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-04
Volume
109
Issue
3-5
Pages
294-299
ISSN
0960-0760 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2028297115
Cited by
50
References
58
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
FWCI
0.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Iris (University of Trento) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
Keywords
sexual differentiation of the brain, hypothalamus, rodent brain, testosterone, aromatase, 5α-reductase, estradiol, dihydrotestosterone, androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, polychlorinated biphenyls, environmental pollutants, brain masculinization, sex hormones, reproductive toxicity, sexual behavior
MeSH terms
Animals, Environment, Environmental Pollutants, Hormones, Humans, Hypothalamus, Rodentia, Sex Differentiation

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