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Augmenting the algorithm: Emerging human-in-the-loop work configurations
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How do configurations of humans and algorithms evolve as firms adopt artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities, and what are the implications for work and organization? We explored these questions through a two-year long case study of an organization in the international maritime trade that introduced automated algorithmic support for data analysis and prediction work. Drawing on a human–machine configuration perspective, we found that humans and the algorithm were configured and reconfigured in multiple ways over time as the organization dealt with the introduction of algorithmic analysis. In contrast to replacing human work, the emergent configurations required new roles and redistribution of extant expertise to augment and improve the accuracy of the algorithm. Our analysis suggests that the new configuration resembled a human-in-the-loop pattern, comprised of both the augmentation work of auditing (i.e. the generation of a ground truth and assessment of the algorithmic output against this) as well as the work of altering the algorithm and the data acquisition architecture. Our research points to the strategic importance of a human-in-the-loop pattern for organizational reflexivity to ensure that the performance of the algorithm meets the organization’s requirements and changes in the environment.
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“In short, the deployment of algorithmic man-agement in organizational work introduces novel “human–machine configurations” that could transform relationships between managers and workers and their respective roles (Grønsund and Aanestad, 2020).”
From Algorithmic management in a work context (2021) · cites this paper as Grønsund and Aanestad, 2020
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“Simultaneously, the AI algorithms can be considered performative in the sense that they assist in decision-making, the extent to which their use can form organizational processes, or even take autonomous decisions (Faraj et al., 2018; Grønsund & Aanestad, 2020) that leads to new organization capabilities through AI.”
From Toward AI Governance: Identifying Best Practices and Potential Barriers and Outcomes (2023) · cites this paper as Grønsund & Aanestad, 2020
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“Second, it is necessary to study the performance of human-in-the-loop systems across the full range of changes and not just stability (Fügener et al., 2021), drift (Sturm, Koppe, et al., 2021), or jump (Grønsund & Aanestad, 2020) in isolation.”
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Sawyer, R. K., & Henriksen, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197747537.003.0017 · Cited by 1
Third Edition Literature Review Methodology
Sawyer, R. K., & Henriksen, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197747537.005.0001
Sawyer, R. K., & Henriksen, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197747537.002.0005
Journals That Publish Creativity Research
Sawyer, R. K., & Henriksen, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197747537.005.0005
Sawyer, R. K., & Henriksen, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197747537.003.0012
Influential Creativity Researchers, 1800–1990
Sawyer, R. K., & Henriksen, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197747537.005.0008
Sawyer, R. K., & Henriksen, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197747537.003.0019
Sawyer, R. K., & Henriksen, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197747537.003.0018
Sawyer, R. K., & Henriksen, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197747537.003.0008
A Timeline of Creativity Research
Sawyer, R. K., & Henriksen, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197747537.005.0002
Influential Books in Creativity Research
Sawyer, R. K., & Henriksen, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197747537.005.0006
Colleges and Universities with a Degree or Certificate in Creativity
Sawyer, R. K., & Henriksen, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197747537.005.0007
Sawyer, R. K., & Henriksen, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197747537.003.0013
Sawyer, R. K., & Henriksen, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197747537.005.0003
Metadata
- Authors
- Grønsund, T., & Aanestad, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Grønsund, Tor
- ORCID
- Aanestad, Margunn
- Venue
- The Journal of Strategic Information Systems
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 101614
- ISSN
- 0963-8687 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3037276488
- Cited by
- 364
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 102 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 61.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Journal of Strategic Information Systems (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Norges Forskningsråd
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › AI and HR Technologies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Impact of AI and Big Data on Business and Society
- Keywords
- human-in-the-loop, artificial intelligence adoption, algorithmic auditing, maritime trade, algorithmic prediction, data acquisition architecture, human-algorithm collaboration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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