Targeting G protein coupled receptor-related pathways as emerging molecular therapies
Open accessAbstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the most important targets in modern pharmacology because of the different functions they mediate, especially within brain and peripheral nervous system, and also because of their functional and stereochemical properties. In this paper, we illustrate, via a variety of examples, novel advances about the GPCR-related molecules that have been shown to play diverse roles in GPCR pathways and in pathophysiological phenomena. We have exemplified how those GPCRs' pathways are, or might constitute, potential targets for different drugs either to stimulate, modify, regulate or inhibit the cellular mechanisms that are hypothesized to govern some pathologic, physiologic, biologic and cellular or molecular aspects both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, influencing such pathways will, undoubtedly, lead to different therapeutical applications based on the related pharmacological implications. Furthermore, such new properties can be applied in different fields. In addition to offering fruitful directions for future researches, we hope the reviewed data, together with the elements found within the cited references, will inspire clinicians and researchers devoted to the studies on GPCR's properties.
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GPR20 belongs to the family of the G-protein-coupled receptors, which participate in intracellular second messenger systems triggered by different hormones and neurotransmitters, and amyloid β.
“GPR20 belongs to the family of the G-protein-coupled receptors, which participate in intracellular second messenger systems triggered by different hormones and neurotransmitters, and amyloid β.53, 54, 55”
From APOE*E2 allele delays age of onset in PSEN1 E280A Alzheimer’s disease (2016) · cites this paper as [53]
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Schillace, R. V., Pisenti, N., Pattamanuch, N., Galligan, S. G., Marracci, G., BOURDETTE, D. N., & Carr, D. W. (2007) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.195 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Salinthone, S., Schillace, R. V., Marracci, G., BOURDETTE, D. N., & Carr, D. W. (2008) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.05.003 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Learning and memory in 5-HT1A-receptor mutant mice
Bert, B., Fink, H., Rothe, J., Walstab, J., & Bönisch, H. (2008) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.02.028 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Grange-Midroit, M. (2003) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0169-328x(02)00667-8 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton upon G-protein coupled receptor signaling
Ganguly, S., Saxena, R., & Chattopadhyay, A. (2011) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.04.001 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Modulation of voluntary ethanol consumption by beta‐arrestin 2
Björk, K., Rimondini, R., Hansson, A. C., Terasmaa, A., Hyytiä, P., Heilig, M. A., & Sommer, W. H. (2008) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.07-102442 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
A role for G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 in mechanical allodynia
Kleibeuker, W., Ledeboer, A., Eijkelkamp, N., Watkins, L. R., Maier, S. F., Zijlstra, J., Heijnen, C. J., & Kavelaars, A. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05423.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 243 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Opportunities for therapeutic antibodies directed at G-protein-coupled receptors
Hutchings, C. J., Koglin, M., Olson, W. C., & Marshall, F. H. (2017) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2017.91 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
ONC201 and imipridones: Anti-cancer compounds with clinical efficacy
Prabhu, V. V., Morrow, S. N., Kawakibi, A. R., Zhou, L., Ralff, M. D., Ray, J., Jhaveri, A., Ferrarini, I., Lee, Y., Parker, C., et al. (2020) · Neoplasia · doi:10.1016/j.neo.2020.09.005 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
APOE*E2 allele delays age of onset in PSEN1 E280A Alzheimer’s disease
Vélez, J. I., Lopera, F., Sepulveda-Falla, D., Patel, H. R., Johar, A. S., Chuah, A., Tobón, C., Rivera, D., Villegas, A., Cai, Y., et al. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2015.177 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Importance of GPCR-Mediated Microglial Activation in Alzheimer’s Disease
Haque, M. E., Kim, I., Jakaria, M., Akther, M., & Choi, D. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00258 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Molecular assembly of rhodopsin with G protein-coupled receptor kinases
He, Y., Gao, X., Goswami, D., Hou, L., Pal, K., Yin, Y., Zhao, G., Ernst, O. P., Griffin, P. R., Melcher, K., et al. (2017) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/cr.2017.72 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Therapeutic Perspectives on the Modulation of G-Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor, GPER, Function
Rouhimoghadam, M., Lu, A. S., Salem, A. K., & Filardo, E. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.591217 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Regulation of G Protein βγ Signaling
Senarath, K., Kankanamge, D., Samaradivakara, S. P., Ratnayake, K., Tennakoon, M., & Karunarathne, A. (2018) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.02.008 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
GPR88 in A2AR Neurons Enhances Anxiety-Like Behaviors
Meirsman, A. C., Robé, A., d’Exaerde, A. D. K., & Kieffer, B. L. (2016) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0202-16.2016 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Cell cultures in drug development: Applications, challenges and limitations
Ghanemi, A. (2014) · Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2014.04.002 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationEndothelial progenitor cells: Exploring the pleiotropic effects of statins
Sandhu, K., Mamas, M. A., & Butler, R. (2017) · World Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.4330/wjc.v9.i1.1 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Activation and Allosteric Modulation of Human μ Opioid Receptor in Molecular Dynamics
Bartuzi, D., Kaczor, A. A., & Matosiuk, D. (2015) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00280 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Song, C., Orlandi, C., Sutton, L. P., & Martemyanov, K. A. (2019) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra119.007533 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Guerram, M., Zhang, L., & Jiang, Z. (2016) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2016.09.005 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Shorter and sturdier bridges between traditional Chinese medicines and modern pharmacology
Ghanemi, A., & Boubertakh, B. (2014) · Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2014.02.010 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationArtificial Intelligence and the detection of pediatric concussion using epigenomic analysis
Bahado-Singh, R. O., Vishweswaraiah, S., Er, A., Aydas, B., Türkoğlu, O., Taşkın, B. D., Duman, M., Yılmaz, D., & Radhakrishna, U. (2019) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146510 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
M3 muscarinic receptor activation reduces hepatocyte lipid accumulation via CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway
Jadeja, R. N., Chu, X., Wood, C., Bartoli, M., & Khurana, S. (2019) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.015 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Lewis, C. R., Henderson-Smith, A., Breitenstein, R. S., Sowards, H., Piras, I. S., Huentelman, M. J., Doane, L. D., & Lemery‐Chalfant, K. (2019) · Epigenetics · doi:10.1080/15592294.2019.1583032 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Is mapping borders between pharmacology and toxicology a necessity?
Ghanemi, A. (2014) · Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2014.03.001 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationMutations modifying sporadic Alzheimer’s disease age of onset
Vélez, J. I., Lopera, F., Patel, H. R., Johar, A. S., Cai, Y., Rivera, D., Tobón, C., Villegas, A., Sepulveda‐Falla, D., Lehmann, S. G., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32493 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Elements toward novel therapeutic targeting of the adrenergic system
Ghanemi, A., & Hu, X. (2014) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2014.11.003 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationIndiraleka, M., Rajendran, K., Dhanaraj, P., & Vallinayagam, S. (2020) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2020.1783365 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lee, S., Lee, Y., Choi, I., Kim, M., & Sung, J. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10123410 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Presymptomatic change in microRNAs modulates Tau pathology
Sharma, S., Khadimallah, I., Corya, A. W., Ali, Y., Rao, X., Liu, Y., & Lu, H. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27527-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ghanemi, A., Yoshioka, M., & St‐Amand, J. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11121830 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationTargeting the orexinergic system: Mainly but not only for sleep-wakefulness therapies
Ghanemi, A., & Hu, X. (2014) · Alexandria Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajme.2014.07.002 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationBioactivity-guided synthesis of tropine derivatives as new agonists for melatonin receptors
Yin, X., Geng, C., Huang, X., Chen, H., Ma, Y., Chen, X., Sun, C., Yang, T., Zhou, J., Zhang, X., et al. (2016) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c6ra06748d · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Trace Amines in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Sherwani, S. I., & Khan, H. A. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803603-7.00018-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
An epigenome-wide association analysis of cardiac autonomic responses among a population of welders
Zhang, J., Liu, Z., Umukoro, P. E., Cavallari, J. M., Fang, S. C., Weisskopf, M. G., Lin, X., Mittleman, M. A., & Christiani, D. C. (2017) · Epigenetics · doi:10.1080/15592294.2016.1270486 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
WITHDRAWN: How to map the bridges between zoology and pharmacology?
Ghanemi, A. (2015) · The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology · doi:10.1016/j.jobaz.2014.12.003 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, S., Lee, Y., Shin, M. K., & Sung, J. (2020) · Stem Cells International · doi:10.1155/2020/8870133 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
For dentists and doctors: The neglected concepts about the factors influencing the effects of drugs
Ghanemi, A. (2015) · The Saudi Dental Journal · doi:10.1016/j.sdentj.2015.05.001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationHow to map the bridges between zoology and pharmacology?
Ghanemi, A. (2015) · The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology · doi:10.1016/s2090-9896(16)00021-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationUnraveling the RKIP–YY1 axis: immune crosstalk in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders
Alzaïd, F., Arefanian, H., Bahman, F., Albeloushi, S., Alhamar, G., Mohammad, A., Hasan, A., Madhoun, A. S. A., Ahmad, R., & Al‐Mulla, F. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1675699 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Are we in Need of Dividing Zoology into Two Fields?
Ghanemi, A. (2014) · Journal of Dairy Veterinary & Animal Research · doi:10.15406/jdvar.2014.01.00001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationHow can we Imagine the Future of Anti-Tumors Therapies?
Ghanemi, A. (2014) · Journal of Neurology & Stroke · doi:10.15406/jnsk.2014.01.00038 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationMembrane Receptors and Signal Transduction Pathway
Wardhan, R., & Mudgal, P. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7101-0_9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Adeoye, B. O., Akano, O. P., Awojebe, D. R., Ogunbiyi, B. T., Adeoye, A. D., Ukangwa, N. A., Elizabeth, O. A., Olosunde, O. A., & Oyebanji, A. H. (2025) · Phytochemistry Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11101-025-10184-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Lu, N., Wu, P., Chu, Y., Xing, Y., Wang, J., & Zhao, X. (2026) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.5c07045 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Selecting Species for Pharmaceutical and Medical Research
Ghanemi, A. (2014) · MOJ Cell Science & Report · doi:10.15406/mojcsr.2014.01.00016 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationScientific Research in the Developing Countries: The Challenges We Need to Overcome
Ghanemi, A. (2014) · MOJ Proteomics & Bioinformatics · doi:10.15406/mojpb.2014.01.00017 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of Raf kinase inhibitory protein in inflammation
Shenouda, S., Bosso, M., Ahmad, R., & Al-Mulla, F. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819612-0.00016-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Docking Methodologies and Recent Advances
Kumar, A., Goyal, R., & Jain, S. (2016) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0549-5.ch031 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Inokaityte, I., Gedvilaitė, G., & Liutkevičienė, R. (2023) · Ophthalmic Genetics · doi:10.1080/13816810.2023.2291681 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Unifying the Common Concepts Shared by Neurodegenerative Diseases
Ghanemi, A. (2015) · Journal of Neurology & Stroke · doi:10.15406/jnsk.2015.02.00065 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, H., Yang, L., Jin, Y. H., & Jin, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.770430 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bureau, S. C. (2022) · doi:10.22215/etd/2022-14889 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Neuropharmacognosy as an emerging multidisciplinary science
Ghanemi, A., & Boubertakh, B. (2014) · Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Self-citationTowards More Implications of Biochemistry in Neuroscience
Ghanemi, A. (2015) · Journal of Neurology & Stroke · doi:10.15406/jnsk.2015.02.00059
Self-citationTherapeutic Perspectives beyond the Pathogenic Properties of the Microbes
Ghanemi, A. (2014) · MOJ Immunology · doi:10.15406/moji.2014.01.00030
Self-citationNeuropsychology of Cell Cultures?
Ghanemi, A. (2015) · Journal of Neurology & Stroke · doi:10.15406/jnsk.2015.03.00097
Self-citationDocking Methodologies and Recent Advances
Kumar, A., Goyal, R., & Jain, S. (2016) · Advances in medical technologies and clinical practice book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0115-2.ch012
Spotlight on Neuroimmunology: Illustrations from Neurodegenerative Diseases
Ghanemi, A., & Boubertakh, B. (2017) · International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) · doi:10.11591/.v6i2.6645
Self-citationRamanoudjame, S. M. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/9aaefdefz6dafz4974za324zc779e3d0df04
- Authors
- Ghanemi, A.
- Affiliations
- University Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (DZ)
- Corresponding author
- Ghanemi, Abdelaziz
- ORCID
- Ghanemi, Abdelaziz
- Venue
- Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal
- Published
- 2015-04
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 115-129
- ISSN
- 1319-0164 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4420995
- OpenAlex
- W2060211314
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 243
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- G protein-coupled receptors, GPCR signaling pathways, molecular therapeutic targets, nervous system, pathophysiology, therapeutic applications
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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