Conjoint Analysis Applications in Health—a Checklist: A Report of the ISPOR Good Research Practices for Conjoint Analysis Task Force
Open accessAbstract
Background The application of conjoint analysis (including discrete-choice experiments and other multiattribute stated-preference methods) in health has increased rapidly over the past decade. A wider acceptance of these methods is limited by an absence of consensus-based methodological standards.Objective The International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Good Research Practices for Conjoint Analysis Task Force was established to identify good research practices for conjoint-analysis applications in health.Methods The task force met regularly to identify the important steps in a conjoint analysis, to discuss good research practices for conjoint analysis, and to develop and refine the key criteria for identifying good research practices. ISPOR members contributed to this process through an extensive consultation process. A final consensus meeting was held to revise the article using these comments, and those of a number of international reviewers.Results Task force findings are presented as a 10-item checklist covering: 1) research question; 2) attributes and levels; 3) construction of tasks; 4) experimental design; 5) preference elicitation; 6) instrument design; 7) data-collection plan; 8) statistical analyses; 9) results and conclusions; and 10) study presentation. A primary question relating to each of the 10 items is posed, and three sub-questions examine finer issues within items.Conclusions Although the checklist should not be interpreted as endorsing any specific methodological approach to conjoint analysis, it can facilitate future training activities and discussions of good research practices for the application of conjoint-analysis methods in health care studies.
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Conjoint analysis has not been used to assess HPV vaccine acceptability in India.
“While conjoint analysis has been previously applied to vaccine and other biomedical research, [29–32] it has not been used to assess HPV vaccine acceptability in India.”
From Acceptability of HPV vaccination for cervical cancer prevention amongst emerging adult women in rural Mysore, India: a mixed-methods study (2024) · cites this paper as [29]
The citation is attached to the preceding clause about prior applications. The “Conjoint analysis in health care studies” section lists biomedical applications, but does not mention vaccines. It also does not establish the citing authors’ separate statement about HPV vaccine acceptability in India (page unavailable). (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe DCE was designed and implemented following recommended guidelines.
“We followed recommended guidelines to design and implement the DCE. [7, 8, 11–16]”
From Assessing the American public's preferences for reforms to teen driving licensure systems: a discrete choice experiment (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
The survey containing the DCE was developed and administered according to best practice guidelines.
“A survey containing a DCE was developed and administered according to best practice guidelines [26].”
From Consumer preferences for teledermoscopy screening to detect melanoma early (2016) · cites this paper as [26]
In recent years, DCEs have been increasingly used in health and health care settings, addiction research, and digital health.
“In recent years, DCEs have been increasingly used in health and health care settings [9,10], as well as in addiction research [11] and digital health [4-6].”
From Understanding Uptake of Digital Health Products: Methodology Tutorial for a Discrete Choice Experiment Using the Bayesian Efficient Design (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
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Developing Criteria for Health Economic Quality Evaluation Tool
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- Authors
- Bridges, J. F. P., Hauber, A. B., Marshall, D., Lloyd, A., Prosser, L. A., Regier, D. A., Johnson, F. R., & Mauskopf, J.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- RTI Health Solutions (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bridges, John F.P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Value in Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 403-413
- ISSN
- 1098-3015 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2121619367
- Cited by
- 2,029
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 184 · 2025: 199 · 2024: 217 · 2023: 178 · 2022: 213 · 2021: 195 · 2020: 158 · 2019: 115 · 2018: 103 · 2017: 124 · 2016: 84 · 2015: 91 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 134.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Value in Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
- Keywords
- conjoint analysis, discrete choice experiment, stated preference methods, good scientific practice, methodological standards, checklists, preference elicitation, experimental design, ISPOR
- MeSH terms
- Delivery of Health Care, Humans, Research Design, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Economics, Pharmaceutical, Advisory Committees, Internationality, Checklist, Research Report
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