KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease
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The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) represents an update to the 2012 KDIGO guideline on this topic. The scope includes topics covered in the original guideline, such as optimal blood pressure targets, lifestyle interventions, and antihypertensive therapies in CKD patients not receiving dialysis, including special populations such as kidney transplant recipients and children. In addition, this guideline introduces a chapter dedicated to proper blood pressure measurement. The goal of the guideline is to serve as a useful resource for clinicians and patients by providing actionable recommendations with useful infographics based on a rigorous formal systematic review. Another aim is to propose research recommendations for areas in which there are gaps in knowledge. The guideline targets clinicians treating high blood pressure and CKD, while taking into account policy and resource implications. Development of this guideline update followed an explicit process of evidence review. Treatment approaches and guideline recommendations are based on systematic reviews of relevant studies, and appraisal of the quality of the evidence and the strength of recommendations followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Limitations of the evidence are discussed, and areas of future research are presented.
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The KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease recommends a target systolic BP of <120 mmHg with assessment via standardized guideline-recommended office measurement in CKD patients (grade 2B recommendation), based largely on a single, high-quality RCT that was conducted exclusively in people without diabetes.
“The KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease recommends a target systolic BP of <120 mmHg with assessment via standardized guideline-recommended office measurement in CKD patients (grade 2B recommendation), based largely on a single, high-quality RCT that was conducted exclusively in people without diabetes (39).”
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- Authors
- Cheung, A. K., Chang, T. I., Cushman, W. C., Furth, S. L., Hou, F. F., Ix, J. H., Knoll, G. A., Muntner, P., Pecoits-Filho, R., Sarnak, M. J., Tobe, S. W., Tomson, C. R. V., & Mann, J. F. E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Kidney International
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- S1-S87
- ISSN
- 0085-2538 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3129954143
- Cited by
- 1,452
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 166 · 2025: 189 · 2024: 255 · 2023: 270 · 2022: 217 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 142.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Kidney International (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Keywords
- blood pressure control, chronic kidney disease, antihypertensive therapy, blood pressure targets, lifestyle intervention, blood pressure measurement, kidney transplant recipients, pediatric chronic kidney disease, non-dialysis patients, hypertension
- MeSH terms
- Blood Pressure, Humans, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
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