Cited by 170Physical Activity and HealthCardiovascular and exercise physiologyDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Maximal Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and Metabolic Syndrome in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study

Open access
Earnest, Conrad P., Artero, Enrique G., Sui, Xuemei, Lee, Duck-chul, Church, Timothy S., Blair, Steven N.·2013·Mayo Clinic Proceedings

Abstract

Objective To examine the relationship between estimated maximal cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn).Patients and methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 38,659 Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study participants seen between January 1, 1979, and December 31, 2006, to examine CRF levels defined as low (lower 20%), moderate (middle 40%), and high (upper 40%) of age- and sex-specific distributions vs National Cholesterol Education Program-derived MetSyn expressed as a summed z-score continuous variable. We used a general linear model for continuous variables, the χ(2) test for distribution of categorical variables, and multiple linear regression for single and cumulative MetSyn scores adjusted for body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, and family history of cardiovascular disease.Results We observed significant inverse trends for MetSyn vs CRF in both sexes (P for trend <.001). The CRF associations vs individual components were as follows: waist circumference-men: β=-.14, r(2)=0.78; women: β=-.04, r(2)=0.71; triglycerides-men: β=-.29, r(2)=0.18; women: β=-.17, r(2)=0.18; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-men: β=.25, r(2)=0.17; women: β=.08, r(2)=0.19; fasting glucose-men: β=-.09, r(2)=0.09; women: β=.09, r(2)=0.01; systolic blood pressure-men: β=-.09, r(2)=0.09; women: β=-.01, r(2)=0.21; and diastolic blood pressure-men: β=-.07, r(2)=0.12; women: β=-.05, r(2)=0.14. All associations except for systolic blood pressure (both sexes) and glucose (women) are significant (P<.001).Conclusion Cardiorespiratory fitness demonstrated a strong inverse relationship with MetSyn in both sexes, with the strongest single associative component being waist circumference.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.11.006

Cites

36 of 36 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Exercise may increase blood lipid consumption, thereby decreasing lipid levels.

    “Although the mechanism of exercise-induced lipid changes is unclear, exercise itself may increase blood lipid consumption hence to decrease lipids levels [60].”

    From Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins (2017) · cites this paper as [60]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 38 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Earnest, C. P., Artero, E. G., Sui, X., Lee, D.-C., Church, T. S., & Blair, S. N.
Affiliations
  • University of Bath (GB)
  • University of South Carolina (US)
  • Iowa State University (US)
  • Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
Corresponding author
Earnest, Conrad P.
Venue
Mayo Clinic Proceedings
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-03
Volume
88
Issue
3
Pages
259-270
ISSN
0025-6196 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1966415391
Cited by
170
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3
FWCI
6.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Mayo Clinic Proceedings (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Defense
  • American Heart Association
  • Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (EX-2010-1008)
  • National Institutes of Health (AG06945, HL62508, R21DK088195)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolic syndrome, cardiometabolic risk factors, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, sex differences
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Cross-Sectional Studies, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Biomarkers, Chi-Square Distribution, Linear Models, Metabolic Syndrome, Waist Circumference

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review