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Separate effects of intensity and amount of exercise on interindividual cardiorespiratory fitness response.
Abstract
Objective To determine the separate effects of exercise intensity and amount on interindividual cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) response.Participants and methods Participants were 121 (75 females, 62%) sedentary, middle-aged (mean [SD] age, 53.2 [7.5] years), abdominally obese adults who completed at least 90% of 5 weekly exercise sessions prescribed over a 24-week intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to (1) low-amount, low-intensity exercise (LALI) (180 and 300 kcal per session for women and men, respectively, at 50% of CRF [VO 2peak]; n=39), (2) high-amount, low-intensity exercise (HALI) (360 and 600 kcal per session for women and men, respectively, at 50% of CRF; n=51), or high-amount, high-intensity exercise (HAHI) (360 and 600 kcal per session for women and men, respectively, at 75% of CRF; n=31). Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using a treadmill test at 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks. The study duration was September 1, 2009, through May 31, 2013.Results Cardiorespiratory fitness increased within all 3 groups at 24 weeks (P<.001). At 24 weeks, 38.5% (15 of 39), 17.6% (9 of 51), and 0% (0 of 31) of the participants within the LALI, HALI, and HAHI groups, respectively, were CRF nonresponders. At a fixed exercise intensity, increasing exercise amount reduced the rate of nonresponse by 50% (P=.02). At a fixed amount of exercise, increasing the exercise intensity eliminated nonresponse (P=.001). Exposure to exercise decreased the number of CRF nonresponders between 4 and 8 weeks for LALI and by 16 weeks for HALI but plateaued thereafter. For HAHI, the number of CRF nonresponders decreased continually over the 24 weeks.Conclusion For a fixed amount of exercise, increasing exercise intensity consistent with consensus recommendations eliminated CRF nonresponse. Low-intensity exercise may not be sufficient to improve CRF for a substantial proportion of sedentary obese adults.
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“Likewise, recent studies have observed gradual decreases in the number of CRF non-responders with increasing doses of ET in individuals who completed ≥ 90 % of the exercise sessions prescribed (Sisson et al., 2009;Ross et al., 2015).”
From Refuting the myth of non‐response to exercise training: ‘non‐responders’ do respond to higher dose of training (2017) · cites this paper as Ross et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“The influence of ET dose on CRF non-response was recently examined in 3 groups of obese adults exposed to 3 distinct levels of exercise amount and intensity for 6 months (Ross et al., 2015).”
From Refuting the myth of non‐response to exercise training: ‘non‐responders’ do respond to higher dose of training (2017) · cites this paper as Ross et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“This finding concurs with previous reports suggesting to raise the minimum level of exercise dose in physical activity guidelines for healthy adults (Bacon et al., 2013;Ross et al., 2015).”
From Refuting the myth of non‐response to exercise training: ‘non‐responders’ do respond to higher dose of training (2017) · cites this paper as Ross et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Remarkably, it has also been highlighted that no “global non-responders” exist (Ross et al., 2015; Bonafiglia et al., 2016; Montero and Lundby, 2017; Pickering and Kiely, 2017c, 2018b; Toigo, 2019).”
From Dose-Response Matters! - A Perspective on the Exercise Prescription in Exercise-Cognition Research (2019) · cites this paper as Ross et al., 2015
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Sedentary Behavior, Exercise, and Cardiovascular Health
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“[35], who found that low-intensity exercise (50% VO2peak) performed for about 150 minutes per week, over 24 weeks, may not be sufficient to improve cardiorespiratory fitness for a substantive proportion of adults.”
BackgroundScott, J. M., Zabor, E. C., Schwitzer, E., Koelwyn, G. J., Adams, S. C., Nilsen, T. S., Moskowitz, C. S., Matsoukas, K., Iyengar, N. M., Dang, C. T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2017.77.5809 · Cited by 345
Metadata
- Authors
- Ross, R., de Lannoy, L., & Stotz, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Ross, Robert
- Venue
- Mayo Clinic Proceedings
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1506-1514
- ISSN
- 0025-6196 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2100550631
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 11
- FWCI
- 31.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Mayo Clinic Proceedings (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise intensity, high-intensity interval training, sedentary adults, abdominal obesity, middle-aged adults, peak oxygen uptake, exercise prescription, sex differences in exercise response, exercise frequency, training duration
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Exercise Test, Exercise Therapy, Physical Exertion, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Monitoring, Physiologic, Physical Fitness, Treatment Outcome, Obesity, Abdominal, Sedentary Behavior
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