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Cited by 160Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyPhysical Activity and HealthSports Performance and Training

Volume of Exercise and Fitness Nonresponse in Sedentary, Postmenopausal Women

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SISSON, SUSAN B., KATZMARZYK, PETER T., EARNEST, CONRAD P., BOUCHARD, CLAUDE, BLAIR, STEVEN N., CHURCH, TIMOTHY S.·2009·Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
DOI 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181896c4ePMC PMC2669311
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Abstract

UNLABELLED: There is a wide individual heterogeneity in the maximal aerobic fitness (V x O 2max) response to exercise training. PURPOSE: To examine predictors of V x O 2max nonresponse after aerobic exercise training in postmenopausal women. METHODS: The Dose Response to Exercise in Women (DREW) study was a randomized, controlled trial examining the effects of incremental training doses on sedentary postmenopausal women (45-75 yr). Participants were randomized to one of three exercise treatment groups (4, 8, or 12 kcal x kg(-1) x wk(-1)) for 6 months. Participants exercised 3-4 d x wk(-1) at 50% V x O 2max. Predictors of baseline V x O 2max were determined by ANOVA. We used a logistic regression analyses with categorical (ethnicity and treatment group) and standardized continuous variables (age, body mass index [BMI], and baseline V x O 2max) to determine predictors of nonresponse (Delta <or= 0 L x min(-1)). Our analysis included 310 women because the control group was excluded. RESULTS: A total of 44.9%, 23.8%, and 19.3% of the 4-, the 8-, and the 12-kcal x kg(-1) x wk(-1) treatment groups (P < 0.0001), respectively, were nonresponders. Maximal effort, BMI, age, and race significantly predicted baseline V x O 2max. Treatment group (8 and 12 kcal x kg(-1) x wk(-1) vs 4 kcal x kg(-1) x wk(-1); P = 0.0003), baseline V x O 2max (P < 0.0001), and age (P < 0.05) were significant predictors of nonresponse. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 2.13 (1.53-2.95) for baseline V x O 2max; 1.35 (1.00-1.83) for age; 0.45 (0.24-0.85) for the 8- versus the 4-kcal x kg(-1) x wk(-1) group; and 0.27 (0.13-0.53) for the 12- versus the 4-kcal x kg(-1) x wk(-1) group. CONCLUSION: Women that were younger, less fit, or exercised more during the DREW trial had greater odds of improving their fitness with training. The most important finding of this study was that greater volumes of exercise were associated with a lower probability of being a nonresponder.

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  • Recent studies have observed gradual decreases in the number of CRF non-responders with increasing doses of ET in individuals who completed ≥90% of the exercise sessions prescribed.

    “Likewise, recent studies have observed gradual decreases in the number of CRF non-responders with increasing doses of ET in individuals who completed ≥ 90 % of the exercise sessions prescribed (Sisson et al., 2009;Ross et al., 2015).”

    From Refuting the myth of non‐response to exercise training: ‘non‐responders’ do respond to higher dose of training (2017) · cites this paper as Sisson et al., 2009

    The Discussion reports that the proportion of VO₂max non-responders decreased as exercise volume increased. The Methods (Statistical Analyses) say the analysis excluded participants whose exercise compliance was below 90%, but define compliance by calories expended relative to calories prescribed—not by the percentage of sessions completed. The ≥90% sessions qualifier is therefore not supported as stated. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • A similar decline in the prevalence of VO2max non-responders was previously demonstrated in postmenopausal women allocated to 4-5 exercise sessions requiring 4, 8 or 12 kcal/kg per week during 6 months.

    “A similar decline in the prevalence of VO 2max non-responders was previously demonstrated in postmenopausal women allocated to 4-5 exercise sessions requiring 4, 8 or 12 kcal•kg -1 per week during 6 months (Sisson et al., 2009).”

    From Refuting the myth of non‐response to exercise training: ‘non‐responders’ do respond to higher dose of training (2017) · cites this paper as Sisson et al., 2009

    The Results report declining VO2max non-responder prevalence across the 4, 8, and 12 kcal/kg/week groups (44.9%, 23.8%, and 19.3%). The Methods > Exercise Training section confirms a six-month program in postmenopausal women but specifies three to four sessions per week, not four to five. (LLM, conf=0.91)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Higher exercise volumes are linked to a lower chance of being a nonresponder.

    “Sisson et al. (478) concluded that the most important finding of their study was that greater volumes of exercise were associated with a lower probability of being a nonresponder.”

    From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [478]

  • The share of nonresponders at a given training level fell progressively as exercise volume rose.

    “The percentage of non-responders at a given level of training progressively decreased as the exercise volume increased.”

    From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [478]

  • The proportions of VO2max nonresponders were 44.9%, 23.8%, and 19.3% in the 4-, 8-, and 12-kcal/kg/week exercise groups, respectively.

    “non-responders to for increase in VO2max comprised a total of 44.9%, 23.8%, and 19.3% of the 4-, the 8-, and the 12-kcal/kg/wk treatment groups, respectively.”

    From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [478]

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1 of the 20 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [4]Bouchard C Landry F Human adaptability may have a genetic basis Health risk estimation, risk reduction and health promotion 1983 Proceedings of the 18th annual meeting of the Society of Prospective Medicine Ottawa Canadian Public Health Association 463 476
  2. [5]Bouchard C An P Rice T Skinner JS Wilmore JH Gagnon J Perusse L Leon AS Rao DC Familial aggregation of VO(2max) response to exercise training: results from the HERITAGE Family Study J Appl Physiol 1999 87 1003 1008 10484570
  3. [13]Mikus CR Earnest CP Blair SN Church TS Heart Rate Response to Prolonged Exercise in Post-Menopausal Women: The DREW Study British Journal of Sports Medicine 2008 in press 18390917

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Authors
SISSON, S. B., KATZMARZYK, P. T., EARNEST, C. P., BOUCHARD, C., BLAIR, S. N., & CHURCH, T. S.
Affiliations
  • Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
  • University of South Carolina (US)
ORCID
Venue
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2009-03
Volume
41
Issue
3
Pages
539-545
ISSN
0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1249/mss.0b013e3181896c4e
PMC
PMC2669311
OpenAlex
W2165703184
Cited by
160
References
20
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
FWCI
16.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-66262, R01HL066262)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
maximal aerobic capacity, exercise training response, postmenopausal women, sedentary women, training dose, incremental training, body mass index, age, ethnicity, race, aerobic exercise training, women's health, cardiovascular risk reduction, cancer risk reduction, quality of life, self-efficacy
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Aged, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Logistic Models, Postmenopause, Racial Groups

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