Nutritional habits among high-performance endurance athletes
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: For athletes, the main purpose of nutrition is to ensure the compensation of increased energy consumption and the need for nutrients in the athlete's body, thereby enabling maximum adaptation to physical loads. The aim of this study was to determine the habits of highly trained endurance athletes depending on sports type, sex and age in order to improve the planning and management of the training of athletes using targeted measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2009-2012, the dietary habits of 146 endurance athletes were analyzed. The actual diet of Lithuania endurance athletes was investigated using a 24-h dietary survey method. Data on the athletes' actual diet were collected for the previous day. RESULTS: It was found that 80.8% of endurance athletes used lower-than-recommended amounts of carbohydrates in their diet, and more than 70% of athletes used higher-than-recommended levels of fat, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol. The diet of female athletes was low in carbohydrates, dietary fiber, protein, omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, and zinc. Athletes aged 14-18 years tended to consume quantities of protein that were either lower than recommended or excessive. CONCLUSIONS: The diet of highly trained endurance athletes does not fully meet their requirements and in this situation cannot ensure maximum adaptation to very intense and/or long-duration physical loads. The diet of highly trained endurance athletes must be optimized, adjusted and individualized. Particular attention should be focused on female athletes.
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Many athletes, especially females, have a lower overall energy intake and consume less than the recommended amounts of carbohydrate.
“Evidence shows that many athletes, especially females, have a lower overall energy intake and consume less than the recommended amounts of carbohydrate (Baranauskas et al. 2015; Black et al. 2019; Burke et al. 2001; Masson and Lamarche 2016; Shriver et al. 2013).”
From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as Baranauskas et al. 2015
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- Authors
- Baranauskas, M., Stukas, R., Tubelis, L., Žagminas, K., Šurkienė, G., Švedas, E., Giedraitis, V. R., Dobrovolskij, V., & Abaravičius, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Vilnius University (LT)
- Corresponding author
- Baranauskas, Marius
- ORCID
- Venue
- Medicina
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 351-362
- ISSN
- 1010-660X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2202237448
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 3.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Medicina (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Vytautas Magnus University (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Lithuanian Olympic Sports Centre
- Lithuanian Sports Medicine Centre
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- endurance athletes, dietary habits, carbohydrate intake, macronutrient intake, dietary fat intake, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, micronutrient deficiency, female athletes, youth athletes, personalized nutrition, energy requirements, Lithuania
- MeSH terms
- Youth Sports, Adolescent, Diet Surveys, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Lithuania, Physical Endurance, Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Athletes, Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
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