SLC19A1 is an importer of the immunotransmitter cGAMP.

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STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP

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Functional tumor cell-intrinsic STING, not host STING, drives local and systemic antitumor immunity and therapy efficacy following cryoablation

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Dual roles and evolutionary implications of P26/poxin in antagonizing intracellular cGAS-STING and extracellular melanization immunity

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How Cryo-EM Has Expanded Our Understanding of Membrane Transporters

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A photoaffinity labeling strategy identified EF1A1 as a binding protein of cyclic dinucleotide 2′3′-cGAMP

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Integrative Dissection of Novel Lactate Metabolism-Related Signature in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Prognostic Prediction in Breast Cancer

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Precision targeting of STING: Challenges, innovations, and clinical outlook for cancer therapy

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The cGAS-STING pathway in cancer: friend or foe

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Cytoplasmic DNAs: Sources, sensing, and roles in the development of lung inflammatory diseases and cancer

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Phenotypic plasticity of melanocytes derived from human adult skin

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Membrane integrity changes upon viral infection activate sphingomyelinase SMPDL3B to restrict cGAS-STING signaling via cGAMP degradation

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Hypoxia–Immune-Related Gene SLC19A1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker for Prognosis in Multiple Myeloma

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Phase Separation in cGAS‐STING Signaling: Cytosolic DNA Sensing and Regulatory Functions

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Microparticle and nanoparticle-based influenza vaccines

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Population pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in paediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and malignant lymphoma

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Ectopic expression of cGAS in Salmonella typhimurium enhances STING-mediated IFN-β response in human macrophages and dendritic cells

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2′3′-cGAMP interactome identifies 2′3′-cGAMP/Rab18/FosB signaling in cell migration control independent of innate immunity

Deng, Y., Hahn, Q., Yu, L., Zhu, Z., Boyer, J. A., Wang, J., Kong, D., Carey, L. M., Hepperla, A. J., Simon, J. M., et al. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ado7024 · Cited by 10

Propagation of neuronal micronuclei regulates microglial characteristics

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DNA sensing of dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy

Qian, W. P., Ye, J., & Xia, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2024.1391046 · Cited by 10

ENPP1 is an innate immune checkpoint of the anticancer cGAMP-STING pathwayPreprint

Wang, S., Böhnert, V., Joseph, A. J., Sudaryo, V., Swinderman, J. T., Yu, F. B., Lyu, X., Skariah, G. M., Subramanyam, V., Gilbert, L. A., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.06.01.543353 · Cited by 10

Identification of extracellular membrane protein ENPP3 as a major cGAMP hydrolase, cementing cGAMP’s role as an immunotransmitterPreprint

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Folate Receptor Beta Signaling in the Regulation of Macrophage Antimicrobial Immune Response: A Scoping Review

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Cytosolic delivery of innate immune agonists

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An overview of the crosstalk between YAP and cGAS-STING signaling in non-small cell lung cancer: it takes two to tango

Hao, F. (2022) · Clinical & Translational Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12094-022-02826-7 · Cited by 10

The LRRC8A:C Heteromeric Channel Is a cGAMP Transporter and the Dominant cGAMP Importer in Human Vasculature CellsPreprint

Lahey, L. J., Wen, X., Mardjuki, R. E., Böhnert, V., Hess, G. T., Ritchie, C., Carozza, J. A., Maduke, M. C., Bassik, M. C., & Li, L. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.13.948273 · Cited by 9

A cGAMP-containing hydrogel for prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RBD subunit vaccine exposure induces a broad and potent humoral responsePreprint

Böhnert, V., Gale, E. C., Lahey, L., Yan, J., Powell, A. E., Ou, B. S., Carozza, J., Li, L.-Y., & Appel, E. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.07.03.451025 · Cited by 5

HIV-1 Vpu and SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a proteins disrupt STING-mediated activation of antiviral NF-κB signaling

Rui, Y., Shen, S., Wang, Y., Cheng, L., Chen, S., Hu, Y., Cai, Y., Wei, W., Su, J., & Yu, X. (2025) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.add6593 · Cited by 8

Molecular basis of SLC19A1-mediated folate and cyclic dinucleotide transport

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ENPP1 inhibitor with ultralong drug-target residence time as an innate immune checkpoint blockade cancer therapy

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Mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential of targeting the cGAS–STING pathway in neurodegenerative diseases

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Mitochondrial DNA-mediated cGAS–STING activation and its crosstalk with NLRP3 inflammasome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Jindal, D., Chopra, V., Garg, K., & Sharma, S. (2026) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2026.05.001 · Cited by 9

Cancer-cell-derived cGAMP limits the activity of tumor-associated CD8+ T cells

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The role of cGAS in epithelial dysregulation in inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal malignancies

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Metabolism-Based Gene Differences in Neurons Expressing Hyperphosphorylated AT8− Positive (AT8+) Tau in Alzheimer’s Disease

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Small molecule ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy for harnessing innate immunity

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CD38 restrains the activity of extracellular cGAMP in a model of multiple myeloma

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Import of extracellular 2′-3′cGAMP by the folate transporter, SLC19A1, establishes an antiviral response that limits herpes simplex virus-1

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Emerging molecular mechanisms of cGAS-STING activation and regulation

Liu, Y., Ma, K., & Jiang, Z. (2026) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2026.02.008 · Cited by 6

Orthogonal Hydroxyl Functionalization of cGAMP Confers Metabolic Stability and Enables Antibody Conjugation

Lu, Y. D., You, L., Li, L., Kilgore, J. A., Liu, S., Wang, X., Dai, Y., Wei, Q., Shi, H., Han, L., et al. (2023) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.3c01122 · Cited by 6

Au naturale: use of biologically derived cyclic di-nucleotides for cancer immunotherapy

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Folate transporter offers clues for anticancer drugs

Matherly, L. H., & Hou, Z. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-022-03767-5 · Cited by 6

Cell-to-cell communications of cGAS-STING pathway in tumor immune microenvironment

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A cGAMP‐Containing Hydrogel for Prolonged SARS‐CoV‐2 Receptor‐Binding Domain Subunit Vaccine Exposure Induces a Broad and Potent Humoral Response

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Protocol for detection of cGAMP-induced STING oligomerization in cultured cells

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Pan-Cancer Characterization Identifies SLC19A1 as an Unfavorable Prognostic Marker and Associates It with Tumor Infiltration Features

Pan, Y., Liu, Z., & Wu, C. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13030571 · Cited by 5

Improving Cancer Immunotherapy with CRISPR‐Based Technology

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Systematic discovery of pathogen effector functions across human pathogens and pathways

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Rational design of metal-based nanodrugs for cGAS-STING pathway activation: mechanisms, combinatorial therapies, and clinical translation

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STING agonists as next-generation vaccine adjuvants: mechanisms, opportunities, and challenges

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5′-Phosphorothioester Linked Cyclic Dinucleotides, Endo-S-CDNs, Displaying Impressive Antitumor Activities In Vivo when Dosed Subcutaneously

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Borrelia burgdorferi c-di-AMP is a key extracellular pathogen-associated molecular pattern to elicit type I interferon responses in mammalian hosts

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In situ enrichment and delivery of STING agonists by protamine-modified Salmonella for cancer immunotherapy

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Targeting VCP enhances colorectal cancer therapy through STING stabilization

Zhu, H., Ge, F., Dai, J., Yang, S., Yuan, T., Zheng, C., Dong, X., Hu, R., Zhou, T., He, Q., et al. (2025) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2025-012652 · Cited by 7

Mechanism of DNA degradation by CBASS Cap5 endonuclease immune effector

Rechkoblit, O., Sciaky, D., Ni, M., Li, Y., Kottur, J., Fang, G., & Aggarwal, A. K. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60484-z · Cited by 4

Harnessing the cooperation between DNA‐PK and cGAS in cancer therapies

Taffoni, C., Schüssler, M., Vila, I. K., & Laguette, N. (2023) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.202300045 · Cited by 4

A clinically-relevant STING agonist restrains human TH17 cell inflammatory profile

Damasceno, L. E. A., Cunha, T. M., Cunha, F. Q., Sparwasser, T. D., & Alves-Filho, J. C. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111007 · Cited by 4

How enzyme‐centered approaches are advancing research on cyclic oligo‐nucleotides

Wenzl, S. J., & Mann, C. C. D. O. (2024) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.14838 · Cited by 4

In response to Luteijn et al .: Concerns regarding cGAMP uptake assay and evidence that SLC19A1 is not the major cGAMP importer in human PBMCsPreprint

Ritchie, C., Cordova, A. F., & Li, L. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/798397 · Cited by 4

ENPP1/CD203a-targeting heavy-chain antibody reveals cell-specific expression on human immune cells

Lorenz, H., Menzel, S., Roshchyna, N., Albrecht, B., Gebhardt, A. J., Schneider, E., Haag, F., Rissiek, B., Oheim, R., Koch‐Nolte, F., et al. (2024) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-024-05539-y · Cited by 3

Targeting pattern recognition receptors for cancer therapy: Mechanisms and strategies

Ouyang, D., Chen, R., Xie, H., Yang, X., Li, Q., & Chen, J. (2025) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2025.09.007 · Cited by 3

Folate receptor beta drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in macrophages independent of folate binding

Rogers, L. M., Firestone, K., Chinni, R., Branco, A. C. C. C., Wrobleski, K. R., Chou, T., Goldstein, J. A., Gu, X., Mason, E. R., Chu, S., et al. (2026) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1093/jimmun/vkag051 · Cited by 3

Molecular mechanisms regulating cGAS/STING activation in health and disease

Cho, M.-G., Lee, R., Johnson, J., & Gupta, G. P. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci204548 · Cited by 4

Advances in structure-guided mechanisms impacting on the cGAS–STING innate immune pathway

Chen, K., Liao, J., Patel, D. J., & Xie, W. (2023) · Advances in immunology · doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2023.08.001 · Cited by 3

Herpes simplex virus-1 targets the 2′-3'cGAMP importer SLC19A1 as an antiviral countermeasure

Szemere, Z. K., Ijezie, E. C., & Murphy, E. A. (2024) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2024.110320 · Cited by 3

Progress in extracellular vesicle@STING towards immune regulation

Wang, X., Lei, I. M., Li, B., & Dai, Y. (2025) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110990 · Cited by 4

The Rab18/Ras/ERK/FosB/MMP3 Signaling Pathway Mediates Cell Migration Regulation by 2′3′-cGAMP

Deng, Y., Yuan, R., & Liu, P. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26125758 · Cited by 3

Cytosolic Delivery of Anionic Cyclic Dinucleotide STING Agonists with Locally Supercharged Viral Capsids

Huang, P., Pistono, P. E., Martin, H. S., Fetzer, J. L., & Francis, M. B. (2025) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/acschembio.5c00125 · Cited by 5

Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of Jurkat T-cell treated with 2′3′ cGAMP reveals various signaling axes impacted by cyclic dinucleotides

Onyedibe, K. I., Mohallem, R., Wang, M., Aryal, U. K., & Sintim, H. O. (2023) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104869 · Cited by 3

A carrier for cyclic dinucleotides

Guey, B., & Ablasser, A. (2019) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-019-0521-z · Cited by 5

Phagosome-mediated activation of STING during diverse bacterial infectionsPreprint

Ragland, S. A., & Kagan, J. C. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.10.28.514268 · Cited by 3

STING activation of IRF3 is tuned by PELI2 to suppress basal activation and reinforce the anti-viral responsePreprint

Ritchie, C., & Li, L. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.04.15.537029 · Cited by 3

Toxicity of extracellular cGAMP and its analogs to T cells is due to SLC7A1-mediated importPreprint

Sudaryo, V., Carvalho, D. R., Lee, J. M., Carozza, J. A., Cao, X., Cordova, A. F., & Li, L. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.09.21.614248 · Cited by 3

The efficient synthesis and purification of 2′3’- cGAMP from Escherichia coli

Kulkarni, R. S., Maranholkar, V. M., Nguyen, N., Cirino, P. C., Willson, R. C., & Varadarajan, N. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1345617 · Cited by 3

Macrophage extracellular traps in autoimmunity: In vivo definition, pathogenic circuits, and therapeutic targeting

Liu, M., Wang, M., Dai, H., Jiang, H., Liu, W., Cui, X., Tang, X., Zhao, Q., Hu, Y., Zhang, N., et al. (2026) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2026.119180 · Cited by 2

Calibrating the RT-cGAS-STING axis to drive cold-to-hot tumor transformation: mechanistic foundations and translational strategies for combination with immunotherapy

Kang, Y.-F., Chen, J.-M., Xu, B.-C., Xu, J.-N., Qin, Q., Wu, H.-L., Wang, J., Wang, R.-K., Wu, Y.-R., Tang, W., et al. (2026) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-026-02636-3 · Cited by 2

Telomere Length in Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms, Epidemiology and Clinical Implications: A Narrative Review

Cilia, K., Gauci, Z., Agius, R., Fava, S., & Pace, N. P. (2026) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s604828 · Cited by 2

cGAS-STING Signalling in the tumour microenvironment: Implications for immune surveillance and therapeutic strategies

Al-Adayleh, T. Y. M., Ahmad, W., Rahiman, S. S. F., Murugaiyah, V., Mohamed, R., Afzal, S., Al-Ramamneh, R. S., & Attiq, A. (2026) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2026.116832 · Cited by 3

Activation of cellular responses by cyclic dinucleotides and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide: a proteomic study on gingival fibroblasts

Elmanfi, S., Onyedibe, K. I., Aryal, U. K., Könönen, E., Sintim, H. O., & Gürsoy, U. K. (2024) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2024.2431453 · Cited by 2

Delivery strategies for cancer vaccines and immunoadjuvants

Graham-Gurysh, E. G., Carpenter, B. W., Beck, W. A., Varma, D. M., Vincent, B. G., Bachelder, E. M., & Ainslie, K. M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85781-9.00014-2 · Cited by 2

Sinusoidal Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 1B1/1B3 and Bile Canalicular Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2 Play an Essential Role in the Hepatobiliary Disposition of a Synthetic Cyclic Dinucleotide (STING Agonist)

Sandoval, P., Chuang, B.-C., Fallon, J. K., Smith, P. C., Chowdhury, S. K., Griffin, R., Xia, C. Q., Iwasaki, S., & Chothe, P. P. (2022) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-022-00745-7 · Cited by 2

Probing pathophysiology of extracellular cGAMP with substrate-selective ENPP1Preprint

Carozza, J. A., Cordova, A. F., AlSaif, Y., Böhnert, V., Skariah, G. M., & Li, L. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.04.442665 · Cited by 2

ABCC1/MRP1 exports cGAMP and modulates cGAS-dependent immunityPreprint

Maltbaek, J. H., Snyder, J. M., & Stetson, D. B. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.03.470980 · Cited by 2

ESCRT-dependent STING degradation curtails steady-state and cGAMP-induced signalingPreprint

Gentili, M., Liu, B., Papanastasiou, M., Dele-Oni, D. O., Schwartz, M. A., Carlson, R. J., Al’Khafaji, A. M., Krug, K., Brown, A., Doench, J. G., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.09.22.509044 · Cited by 2

A protective cGAMP-mediated anti-tumor immune response can proceed without LRRC8/VRAC channels

Thöne, F. M. B., Polovitskaya, M. M., Höpken, U. E., Rehm, A., & Jentsch, T. J. (2025) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2025.111060 · Cited by 1

Protective and pathogenic: The Janus-faced role of cGAS–STING in the brain

Corona, C., Kanzlemar, C., Hussaini, S. A., & Ratan, R. R. (2026) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x261427904 · Cited by 1

Extracellular cGAMP in health and disease

Dai, Z., Ma, C., Ding, H., Fu, L., Jiang, H., & Tai, S. (2026) · Molecular Biomedicine · doi:10.1186/s43556-026-00464-x · Cited by 1

Purine and pyrimidine-based bacterial cyclic dinucleotides egress the phagosome and activate the innate immune sensor STING

Ragland, S. A., Lindblad, K. E., Li, Y., Choi, J. H., Okin, D. A., Mao, J. Q., Richmond-Buccola, D., Coronado, D. R., Brown, M. R., Snapper, S. B., et al. (2026) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2026.06.023 · Cited by 1

Harnessing cGAS–STING in neurodegeneration: From mitochondrial DNA leakage and microglial reactivity to species-specific translational barriers

Wang, M., Li, J., Wang, X., Chai, X., Luo, J., Zhang, Y., Chang, X., Sun, Y., & Wang, H. (2026) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2026.101537 · Cited by 2

Circadian Clock and Uptake Transporters

Lu, D., Chen, M., Wang, Y., Chen, M., & Wu, B. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-8807-5_7 · Cited by 1

An anion channel for cyclic dinucleotides in T cells

Chu, J., & Qiu, Z. (2022) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-021-01118-6 · Cited by 1

Pathophysiological functions of self-derived DNA

Ori, D., & Kawai, T. (2022) · International Reviews of Immunology · doi:10.1080/08830185.2022.2070616 · Cited by 1

Delivery strategies for STING agonists

Sun, X., Hay, I., Doran, P., Basireddy, S., Scott, M., Wu, Y., Al‐Dossary, A. A., & Li, J. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85781-9.00013-0 · Cited by 1

Methotrexate inhibition of muropeptide transporter SLC46A2 controls psoriatic skin inflammationPreprint

Bharadwaj, R., Lusi, C. F., Mashayekh, S., Nagar, A., Subbarao, M., Kane, G. I., Wodzanowski, K. A., Brown, A., Okuda, K., Monahan, A., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.09.29.509906 · Cited by 1

REDUCED FOLATE CARRIER 1 IS PRESENT IN RETINAL MICROVESSELS AND CRUCIAL FOR THE INNER BLOOD RETINAL BARRIER INTEGRITYPreprint

Gürler, G., Belder, N., Beker, M. Ç., Sever, M., Uruk, G., Kılıç, E., & Yemişçi, M. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.10.14.511731 · Cited by 1

CYCLIC DINUCLEOTIDES

Wang, Z., Ma, D., & Xi, Z. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119692799.ch2 · Cited by 1

Propagation of neuronal micronuclei regulates microglial statesPreprint

Yano, S., Asami, N., Kishi, Y., Kubotani, H., Hattori, Y., Kitazawa, A., Hayashi, K., Kubo, K., Saeki, M., Maeda, C., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.07.31.551211 · Cited by 1

Spatio-temporal analysis of the innate immune response to cytoplasmic dsDNA using a novel cGAMP biosensorPreprint

Smarduch, S., Moreno-Velásquez, S. D., Dadsena, S., Ilic, D., Morant, R., Pereira, G., Binder, M., García-Sáez, A., & Acebrón, S. P. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.06.10.598238 · Cited by 1

Borrelia burgdorferi Secretes c-di-AMP as an Extracellular Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern to Elicit Type I Interferon Responses in Mammalian HostsPreprint

Priya, R., Ye, M., Raghunandanan, S., Liu, Q., Li, W., Yu, Q., Lou, Y., Sintim, H. O., & Yang, X. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.08.13.607721 · Cited by 1

ENPP1 inhibitor with ultralong drug-target residence time as an innate immune checkpoint blockade cancer therapyPreprint

Johnson, R. M., Wang, S., Carozza, J. A., Fernández, D., Scicinski, J. J., Verity, N. A., Mardjuki, R. E., Cao, X., Papkoff, J. S., Ray, N., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.05.18.654655 · Cited by 1

Mechanisms of Clearance of MHC I-deficient Tumors Induced by STING Agonists

Nicolai, C. J. (2020) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)

SLC19A1 is a cyclic dinucleotide transporterPreprint

Luteijn, R. D., Zaver, S. A., Gowen, B. G., Wyman, S. K., Garelis, N. E., Onia, L., McWhirter, S. M., Katibah, G. E., Corn, J. E., Woodward, J. J., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/539767 · Cited by 1

Human SLC46A2 Is the Dominant cGAMP Importer in Extracellular cGAMP-Sensing Macrophages and Monocytes

Cordova, A. F., Ritchie, C., Böhnert, V., & Li, L. (2021) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.1c00440 · Cited by 157

SLC19A1 transports immunoreactive cyclic dinucleotides.

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In response to Luteijn et al .: Concerns regarding cGAMP uptake assay and evidence that SLC19A1 is not the major cGAMP importer in human PBMCsPreprint

Ritchie, C., Cordova, A. F., & Li, L. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/798397 · Cited by 4

An alternatively spliced STING isoform localizes in the cytoplasmic membrane and directly senses extracellular cGAMP

Li, X., Zhu, Y., Zhang, X., An, X., Weng, M., Shi, J., Wang, S., Liu, C., Luo, S., & Zheng, T. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci144339 · Cited by 36