Formate metabolism in health and disease
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Formate is a one-carbon molecule at the crossroad between cellular and whole body metabolism, between host and microbiome metabolism, and between nutrition and toxicology. This centrality confers formate with a key role in human physiology and disease that is currently unappreciated. SCOPE OF REVIEW: Here we review the scientific literature on formate metabolism, highlighting cellular pathways, whole body metabolism, and interactions with the diet and the gut microbiome. We will discuss the relevance of formate metabolism in the context of embryonic development, cancer, obesity, immunometabolism, and neurodegeneration. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: We will conclude with an outlook of some open questions bringing formate metabolism into the spotlight.
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Formate is produced by both the microbiota and the host.
“Formate is produced by microbiota and host37,44.”
From Exercise-induced microbiota metabolite enhances CD8 T cell antitumor immunity promoting immunotherapy efficacy (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
In mammals, circulating formate concentrations in blood serum are reported to range from 10 to 100 μM.
“In mammalian organisms, circulating (blood serum) formate levels are found in the range between 10 and 100 μM37.”
From Exercise-induced microbiota metabolite enhances CD8 T cell antitumor immunity promoting immunotherapy efficacy (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
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One-Carbon Metabolism: Pulling the Strings behind Aging and Neurodegeneration
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- Authors
- Pietzke, M., Meiser, J., & Vazquez, A.
- Affiliations
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute (GB)
- Luxembourg Institute of Health (LU)
- Venue
- Molecular Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-03
- Volume
- 33
- Pages
- 23-37
- ISSN
- 2212-8778 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7056922
- OpenAlex
- W2965191969
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 159
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 15 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg (A18/BM/11809970)
- Cancer Research UK (C596/A21140)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial metabolism and enzyme function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Keywords
- formate metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, gut microbiota, diet, embryonic development, cancer, obesity, immunometabolism, neurodegeneration, cellular metabolism, host-microbiome interactions
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Diet, Female, Formates, Humans, Obesity, Host-Pathogen Interactions
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