Insights on the anticandidal activity of non-antifungal drugs

Moraes, D.C.; Ferreira-Pereira, A.

doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.07.004

Cited by 37Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityFungal Plant Pathogen ControlFungal Infections and Studies

Insights on the anticandidal activity of non-antifungal drugs

Moraes, D.C., Ferreira-Pereira, A.·2019·Journal de Mycologie Médicale

DOI 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.07.004

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Abstract

The search for new antifungal strategies to overcome Candida infections is essential and a matter of public health, due to the high mortality associated to candidiasis, the increasing incidence of resistance to antifungals and the limited number of drugs available for treatment. Several approaches have been exploited in order to develop new antifungal strategies, e.g. the use of natural products, vaccines, and the combination of an antifungal drug to a non-antifungal substance. Nonetheless, issues related to pharmacokinetic parameters, toxicity and costs have been jeopardizing the discovery of new antifungal drugs. An alternative that could overcome these problems would be treating candidiasis with drugs that have been originally developed to treat other diseases. This strategy, known as drug repositioning or drug repurposing, could diminish the incidence of adverse effects and lower the cost of production, since several steps involved in drug discovery and development have already been accomplished. This review presents a set of known drugs that have been exploited as anticandidal agents, such as antidepressant agents, antiepileptic drugs, statins, among others. These substances affect the growth of Candida spp. in vitro, as well as virulence factors such as morphogenesis and biofilm formation. Moreover, some drugs are able to potentiate the anticandidal activity of known antifungal drugs. Drug repositioning appears as a remarkable alternative to increase the pharmacological arsenal against candidiasis, but further studies must be conducted in order to evaluate the real applicability of known drugs in the treatment of these infections.

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Fluoxetine is active against bacteria, fungi, and a virus.
“Fluoxetine, an SSRI, was found to be active against bacteria, fungi [50,56,64,67], and, interestingly, even a virus.”
From Antimicrobial Properties of Antidepressants and Antipsychotics—Possibilities and Implications (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
Clorgyline is active against C. albicans and C. glabrata, where it inhibits efflux pumps and positively interacts with fluconazole.
“Clorgyline, a MAOI, is active against C. albicans and C. glabrata where it inhibits efflux pumps and positively interacts with fluconazole [56,70].”
From Antimicrobial Properties of Antidepressants and Antipsychotics—Possibilities and Implications (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
Paroxetine inhibits bacterial growth at 110-282 μM (40-101 μg/mL).
“| Paroxetine (third generation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) | C. albicans, E. coli, A. baumanii | 110-282 µM (40-101 µg/mL) | Inhibits cell growth; promotes mitochondrial inhibits bacterial growth. depolarization and membrane damage in yeast, | [56,58,67-69] |”
From Antimicrobial Properties of Antidepressants and Antipsychotics—Possibilities and Implications (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
Paroxetine promotes mitochondrial depolarization and membrane damage in yeast at 110-282 μM (40-101 μg/mL).
“| Paroxetine (third generation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) | C. albicans, E. coli, A. baumanii | 110-282 µM (40-101 µg/mL) | Inhibits cell growth; promotes mitochondrial inhibits bacterial growth. depolarization and membrane damage in yeast, | [56,58,67-69] |”
From Antimicrobial Properties of Antidepressants and Antipsychotics—Possibilities and Implications (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
Paroxetine inhibits cell growth in C. albicans, E. coli, and A. baumanii at 110-282 μM (40-101 μg/mL).
“| Paroxetine (third generation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) | C. albicans, E. coli, A. baumanii | 110-282 µM (40-101 µg/mL) | Inhibits cell growth; promotes mitochondrial inhibits bacterial growth. depolarization and membrane damage in yeast, | [56,58,67-69] |”
From Antimicrobial Properties of Antidepressants and Antipsychotics—Possibilities and Implications (2021) · cites this paper as [56]

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Authors: Moraes, D. C., & Ferreira-Pereira, A.
Affiliations: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
Corresponding author: Moraes, D.C.
ORCID: Moraes, D.C.
Venue: Journal de Mycologie Médicale
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-09
Volume: 29
Issue: 3
Pages: 253-259
ISSN: 1156-5233 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.07.004
OpenAlex: W2966252734
Cited by: 37
References: 71
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
FWCI: 0.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal de Mycologie Médicale (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
Keywords: drug repurposing, Candida, candidiasis, antifungal resistance, antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs, statins, morphogenesis, biofilm formation, virulence factors, combination therapy
MeSH terms: Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Antifungal Agents, Candida, Candida albicans, Candidiasis, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biofilms, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal, Mice, Drug Discovery, Drug Repositioning

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