Sodium butyrate triggers a functional elongation of microglial process via akt-small RhoGTPase activation and HDACs inhibition
Open accessAbstract
Microglia, a type of immune cell in the brain, are in a ramified status with branched processes in normal conditions. Upon pathological stimulation, microglia retract their processes and become activated. Searching methods to make the activated microglia return to ramified status would help cope with injuries induced by neuroinflammation. Here, we investigated the influence of sodium butyrate (SB), a sodium salt form of butyrate produced by fermentation of dietary fibers in the gut on microglial process. Results showed that SB induced reversible elongations of microglial process in both normal and inflammatory conditions, and these elongations were accompanied with significant changes in markers reflecting the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory status of microglia. The protein kinase B (Akt)-RhoGTPase signal was considered to mediate the effect of SB on microglial process, as: i) SB activated the small RhoGTPases Rac1 and Cdc42; ii) SB promotes Akt phosphorylation; iii) Rac1, Cdc42, and Akt inhibition abrogated the pro-elongation effect of SB on microglial process. Further analysis showed that incubation of microglia with two other histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and valproic acid (VPA) also promoted microglial process elongation and Akt phosphorylation, suggesting that the SB-triggered microglial process elongation may be mediated by HDACs inhibition. Furthermore, Akt inhibition prevented the anti-inflammatory effect of SB in primary cultured microglia, and abrogated the inhibitory effects of SB on microglial process retraction and behavioral abnormalities induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These results for the first time identify an anti-inflammatory role of SB from the aspect of microglial process elongation.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Butyrate treatment in vitro and in vivo induces morphological and functional changes in microglia toward a homeostatic profile and inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory modifications and depression-like behavior.
“butyrate treatment in vitro and in vivo induces morphological and functional changes in the microglia toward a homeostatic profile and inhibits LPS-induced pro-inflammatory modifications (109) and depression-like behavior (110).”
From The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication (2020) · cites this paper as [109]
Sodium butyrate is capable of decreasing microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion.
“sodium butyrate is capable of decreasing microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion (108–110).”
From The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication (2020) · cites this paper as [109]
SCFAs can modify neuroinflammation by affecting the morphology and function of glial cells.
“SCFAs can modify neuroinflammation by affecting the morphology and function of glial cells (120, 286, 289, 290).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [290]
Cites
The tail suspension test: A new method for screening antidepressants in mice
Steru, L., Chermat, R., Thierry, B., & Simon, P. (1985) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00428203 · Cited by 3,534 · see citing works
Behavioral despair in mice: a primary screening test for antidepressants.
Porsolt, R. D., Bertin, A., & Jalfre, M. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 3,275 · see citing works
Chang, P. V., Hao, L., Offermanns, S., & Medzhitov, R. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1322269111 · Cited by 2,175 · see citing works
Modulation of macrophage phenotype by cell shape
McWhorter, F. Y., Wang, T., Nguyen, P., Chung, T., & Liu, W. F. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1308887110 · Cited by 1,482 · see citing works
Messaoudi, M., Lalonde, R., Violle, N., Javelot, H., Desor, D., Nejdi, A., Bisson, J.-F., Rougeot, C., Pichelin, M., Cazaubiel, M., et al. (2011) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114510004319 · Cited by 1,324 · see citing works
Thangaraju, M., Cresci, G. A., Liu, K., Ananth, S., Gnanaprakasam, J. P., Browning, D. D., Mellinger, J. D., Smith, S. B., Digby, G. J., Lambert, N. A., et al. (2009) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4466 · Cited by 789 · see citing works
Calcia, M., Bonsall, D. R., Bloomfield, P. S., Selvaraj, S., Barichello, T., & Howes, O. D. (2016) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4218-9 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Butyrate, neuroepigenetics and the gut microbiome: Can a high fiber diet improve brain health?
Bourassa, M. W., Alim, I., Bultman, S. J., & Ratan, R. R. (2016) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.009 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
The role of inflammation and microglial activation in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders
Réus, G. Z., Fries, G. R., Stertz, L., Badawy, M., Passos, I. C., Barichello, T., Kapczinski, F., & Quevedo, J. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.018 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Huang, R., Wang, K., & Hu, J. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8080483 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Kleinridders, A., Schenten, D., Könner, A. C., Belgardt, B. F., Mauer, J., Okamura, T., Wunderlich, F. T., Medzhitov, R., & Brüning, J. C. (2009) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.08.013 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Microbes and mental health: A review
Rieder, R., Wisniewski, P. J., Alderman, B. L., & Campbell, S. C. (2017) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2017.01.016 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Wang, G., Shi, Y., Jiang, X., Leak, R. K., Hu, X., Wu, Y., Pu, H., Li, W.-W., Tang, B., Wang, Y., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1501441112 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Self-citationMicroglial Dynamics and Role in the Healthy and Diseased Brain: A Paradigm of Functional Plasticity
Gomez-Nicola, D., & Perry, V. H. (2015) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858414530512 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
The gut-brain axis: the missing link in depression
Evrensel, A., & Ceylan, M. E. (2015) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2015.13.3.239 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Neuroinflammation in the normal aging hippocampus
Barrientos, R. M., Kitt, M. M., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.007 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Patnala, R., Arumugam, T. V., Gupta, N., & Dheen, S. T. (2017) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-016-0149-z · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Fu, S., Wang, J., Xue, W.-J., Liu, H., Liu, B.-R., Zeng, Y., Li, S., Huang, B., Lv, Q.-K., Wang, W., et al. (2015) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-014-0230-3 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Functional polarization of neuroglia: Implications in neuroinflammation and neurological disorders
Jha, M. K., Lee, W., & Suk, K. (2015) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2015.11.003 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
β-Hydroxybutyrate in the Brain: One Molecule, Multiple Mechanisms
Achanta, L. B., & Rae, C. D. (2016) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-016-2099-2 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Francos-Quijorna, I., Amo‐Aparicio, J., Martínez‐Muriana, A., & López‐Vales, R. (2016) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23041 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Microbiota-gut-brain signalling in Parkinson's disease: Implications for non-motor symptoms
Felice, V. D., Quigley, E. M., Sullivan, A. M., O'Keeffe, G. W., & O'Mahony, S. M. (2016) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.03.012 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Rückerl, D., Jenkins, S. J., Laqtom, N. N., Gallagher, I. J., Sutherland, T. E., Duncan, S., Buck, A. H., & Allen, J. E. (2012) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2012-02-408252 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
M1 and M2 immune activation in Parkinson’s Disease: Foe and ally?
Moehle, M. S., & West, A. B. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.018 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Khan, S., & Jena, G. (2016) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2016.06.007 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Quesada, A., Lee, B. Y., & Micevych, P. E. (2008) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.20609 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Wei, Y. B., Melas, P. A., Wegener, G., Mathe, A. A., & Lavebratt, C. (2015) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyu032 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Ziebell, J. M., Taylor, S. E., Cao, T., Harrison, J., & Lifshitz, J. (2012) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-247 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Remodeling of synaptic structures in the motor cortex following spinal cord injury
Kim, B. G., Dai, H., McAtee, M., Vicini, S., & Bregman, B. S. (2006) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.12.010 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Bipolar/rod-shaped microglia are proliferating microglia with distinct M1/M2 phenotypes
Tam, W. Y., & Ma, C. H. E. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep07279 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Park, M. J., & Sohrabji, F. (2016) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0765-6 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Insulin receptor signaling in rat hippocampus: A study in STZ (ICV) induced memory deficit model
Agrawal, R., Tyagi, E., Shukla, R., & Nath, C. (2011) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2010.11.009 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Zhao, Q., Wu, X., Yan, S., Xie, X., Fan, Y., Zhang, J., Peng, C. Y., & You, Z. (2016) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0728-y · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Fortress, A. M., Fan, L., Orr, P. T., Zhao, Z., & Frick, K. M. (2013) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.026732.112 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Xu, Y., Xu, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., He, L., Jiang, Z., Huang, Z., Liao, H., Li, J., Saavedra, J. M., et al. (2015) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.015 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Rod Microglia: A Morphological Definition
Taylor, S. E., Morganti-Kossmann, M. C., Lifshitz, J., & Ziebell, J. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097096 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Existence and distinction of acid‐evoked currents in rat astrocytes
Huang, C., Hu, Z., Wu, W., Yu, D., Xiong, Q., Song, J., Shu, Q., Fu, H. Q., Wang, F., & Chen, J. (2010) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.21017 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationSchmidt, A., Eriksson, M., Shang, M.-M., Weyd, H., & Tegner, J. N. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148474 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Parrott, J. M., Redus, L., & O’Connor, J. C. (2016) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0590-y · Cited by 112 · see citing works
SCFA Receptors in Pancreatic β Cells: Novel Diabetes Targets?
Priyadarshini, M., Wicksteed, B. L., Schiltz, G. E., Gilchrist, A., & Layden, B. T. (2016) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2016.03.011 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Tong, L., Gong, Y. L., Wang, P., Hu, W., Wang, J., Chen, Z., Zhang, W., & Huang, C. (2017) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-017-2270-4 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, J., Yi, M., Zha, L., Chen, S., Li, Z., Li, C., Gong, M., Deng, H. X., Chu, X., Chen, J., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147218 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Jaworska, J., Ziemka-Nalecz, M., Sypecka, J., & Zalewska, T. (2017) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0807-8 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis: Probiotics and Their Association With Depression
Cepeda, M. S., Katz, E. G., & Blacketer, C. (2016) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.15120410 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Sherry, C. L., Kim, S. S., Dilger, R. N., Bauer, L. L., Moon, M. L., Tapping, R. I., Fahey, G. C., Jr., Tappenden, K. A., & Freund, G. G. (2010) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.01.015 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Wilms, H., Hartmann, D., & Sievers, J. (1997) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s004410050769 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Valvassori, S. S., Varela, R. B., Arent, C. O., Dal-Pont, G. C., Bobsin, T. S., Budni, J., Réus, G. Z., & Quevedo, J. (2014) · Current Neurovascular Research · doi:10.2174/1567202611666140829162158 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Probiotics as an Adjuvant Therapy in Major Depressive Disorder
Vlaini, J. V., Šuran, J., Vlaini, T., & Vukorep, A. L. (2016) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160526120928 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Resende, W. R., Valvassori, S. S., Réus, G. Z., Varela, R. B., Arent, C. O., Ribeiro, K. F., Bavaresco, D. V., Andersen, M. L., Zugno, A. I., & Quevedo, J. (2013) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e32836546fc · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Zhan, X., Kim, C., & Sharp, F. R. (2008) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.07.094 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Naia, L., Cunha‐Oliveira, T., Rodrigues, J., Rosenstock, T. R., Oliveira, A. M., Ribeiro, M., Carmo, C., Oliveira-Sousa, S. I., Duarte, A. I., Hayden, M. R., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2006-14.2016 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Huynh, N. C., Everts, V. E., Pavasant, P., & Ampornaramveth, R. S. (2015) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.25429 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Sun, X., Zhang, B., Hong, X., Zhang, X., & Kong, X. (2013) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.03.018 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
WY14643 produces anti-depressant-like effects in mice via the BDNF signaling pathway
Jiang, B., Huang, C., Zhu, Q., Tong, L., & Zhang, W. (2014) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3802-0 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationGlial biomarkers in human central nervous system disease
Garden, G. A., & Campbell, B. M. (2016) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22998 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Yang, R., Wang, P., Chen, Z., Hu, W., Gong, Y. L., Zhang, W., & Huang, C. (2016) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2016.12.010 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationMesenchymal stem cells induce the ramification of microglia via the small RhoGTPases Cdc42 and Rac1
Neubrand, V. E., Pedreño, M., Caro, M., Forte‐Lago, I., Delgado, M., & González‐Rey, E. (2014) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22714 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Yao, W., Chen, X., & Zhang, W. (2013) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-10-129 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationSodium thiosulfate attenuates glial-mediated neuroinflammation in degenerative neurological diseases
Lee, M., McGeer, E. G., & McGeer, P. L. (2016) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0488-8 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Lopes-Borges, J., Valvassori, S. S., Varela, R. B., Tonin, P. T., Vieira, J. S., Gonçalves, C. L., STRECK, E. L., & Quevedo, J. (2014) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2014.11.014 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The association between laminin and microglial morphology in vitro
Tam, W. Y., Au, N. P. B., & Ma, C. H. E. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep28580 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Effects of sodium butyrate on aversive memory in rats submitted to sepsis
Steckert, A. V., Comim, C. M., Dall’Igna, D. M., Dominguini, D., Mendonça, B. P., Ornell, F. R., Colpo, G. D., Gubert, C., Kapczinski, F. P., Barichello, T., et al. (2015) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2015.04.019 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Effects of rutin and buckwheat seeds on energy metabolism and methane production in dairy cows
Stoldt, A.-K., Derno, M., Daş, G., Weitzel, J. M., Wolffram, S., & Metges, C. C. (2016) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2015-10143 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
KLF 5 promotes cell migration by up‐regulating FYN in bladder cancer cells
Du, C., Gao, Y., Xu, S., Jia, J., Huang, Z. L., Fan, J., Wang, X., He, D., & Guo, P. (2016) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.12069 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Protective effects of butyrate-based compounds on a mouse model for spinal muscular atrophy
Butchbach, M. E. R., Lumpkin, C. J., Harris, A. W., Saieva, L., Edwards, J. D., Workman, E., Simard, L. R., Pellizzoni, L., & Burghes, A. H. M. (2016) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.02.009 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Caesar, M., Felk, S., Aasly, J. O., & Gillardon, F. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.070 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Sahasrabudhe, A., Ghate, K., Mutalik, S. P., Jacob, A., & Ghose, A. (2015) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.130104 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Benseddik, K., Nkwe, N. S., Daou, P., Verdier‐Pinard, P., & Badache, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055211 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Park, J.-H., Shin, Y., Riew, T., & Lee, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109055 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Yao, W., Sun, Q., Huang, L., Meng, G., Wang, H., Xiang, J., & Zhang, W. (2015) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2015-0160 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Bouchet, J., McCaffrey, M., Graziani, A., & Alcover, A. (2016) · Small GTPases · doi:10.1080/21541248.2016.1224288 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Yao, W., Huang, L., Sun, Q., Yang, L., Tang, L., Meng, G., Xu, X., & Zhang, W. (2016) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.032 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, H.-M., Jin, H., Park, J.-W., Park, S.-M., Jeon, H.-K., & Lee, T. H. (2003) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00800-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Huang, C., Lu, X., Wang, J. L., Tong, L., Ling, Y., Jiang, B., Yang, R., & Zhang, W. (2016) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.018 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationBidirectional actin transport is influenced by microtubule and actin stability
Chetta, J., Love, J. M., Bober, B. G., & Shah, S. B. (2015) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-015-1933-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nakamaru, Y., Takagi, D., Homma, A., Hatakeyama, S., & Fukuda, S. (2014) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/0194599814559189 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 79 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication
Silva, Y. P., Bernardi, A., & Frozza, R. L. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00025 · Cited by 3,043 · see citing works
“Also, butyrate treatment in vitro and in vivo induces morphological and functional changes in the microglia toward a homeostatic profile and inhibits LPS-induced proinflammatory modifications (109) and depression-like behavior (110).”
BackgroundShort-chain fatty acids: Linking diet, the microbiome and immunity
Mann, E. R., Lam, Y. K., & Uhlig, H. H. (2024) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-024-01014-8 · Cited by 1,595 · see citing works
Short chain fatty acids: Microbial metabolites for gut-brain axis signalling
O’Riordan, K. J., Collins, M., Moloney, G. M., Knox, E. G., Aburto, M. R., Fülling, C., Morley, S. J., Clarke, G. A., Schellekens, H., & Cryan, J. F. (2022) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2022.111572 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Rusch, J. A., Layden, B. T., & Dugas, L. R. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1130689 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Butyrate and Dietary Soluble Fiber Improve Neuroinflammation Associated With Aging in Mice
Matt, S. M., Allen, J. M., Lawson, M. A., Mailing, L. J., Woods, J. A., & Johnson, R. W. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01832 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Gut microbial metabolites in depression: understanding the biochemical mechanisms
Caspani, G., Kennedy, S. H., Foster, J. A., & Swann, J. R. (2019) · Microbial Cell · doi:10.15698/mic2019.10.693 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Stroke: A Double-Edged Sword
Peh, A., O’Donnell, J. A., Broughton, B. R. S., & Marques, F. Z. (2022) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.121.036800 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Short-Chain Fatty Acids Derived from Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease
Qian, X., Xie, R.-Y., Liu, X., Chen, S., & Tang, H. (2022) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2021.1215 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Microbial-derived metabolites as a risk factor of age-related cognitive decline and dementia
Connell, E., Le Gall, G., Pontifex, M. G., Sami, S., Cryan, J. F., Clarke, G., Müller, M., & Vauzour, D. (2022) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-022-00548-6 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Chidambaram, S. B., Essa, M. M., Rathipriya, A. G., Bishir, M., Ray, B., Mahalakshmi, A. M., Tousif, A. H., Sakharkar, M. K., Kashyap, R. S., Friedland, R. P., et al. (2022) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107988 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Cheng, J., Hu, H., Ju, Y., Liu, J., Wang, M., Liu, B., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · General Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/gpsych-2023-101374 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Self-citationEpigenetics Control Microglia Plasticity
Cheray, M., & Joseph, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00243 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
The gut microbiome: a key player in the complexity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Boddy, S. L., Giovannelli, I., Sassani, M., Cooper-Knock, J., Snyder, M. P., Segal, E., Elinav, E., Barker, L. A., Shaw, P. J., & McDermott, C. J. (2021) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01885-3 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Cao, Q., Shen, M., Li, R., Liu, Y., Zeng, Z., Zhou, J., Niu, D., Zhang, Q., Wang, R., Yao, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03454-y · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Li, N., Tan, S., Wang, Y., Deng, J., Wang, N., Zhu, S., Tian, W., Xu, J., & Wang, Q. (2023) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2252764 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Majumdar, A., Venkatesh, I. P. S., & Basu, A. (2023) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00803 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Li, Y., Liu, A., Chen, K., Li, L., Zhang, X., Zou, F., Zhang, X., & Meng, X. (2024) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2024.108479 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Guo, B., Zhang, J., Zhang, W., Chen, F., & Liu, B. (2023) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2023.2272769 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The functional roles of short chain fatty acids as postbiotics in human gut: future perspectives
Ragavan, M. L., & Hemalatha, S. (2023) · Food Science and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10068-023-01414-x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The Gut Microbiome as a Regulator of the Neuroimmune Landscape
Yu, L. W., Agirman, G., & Hsiao, E. Y. (2022) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-014237 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Church, J. S., Bannish, J. A. M., Adrian, L. A., Martinez, K. R., Henshaw, A., & Schwartzer, J. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1134080 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Liu, J., Jin, Y., Ye, Y., Tang, Y., Dai, S., Li, M., Zhao, G., Hong, G., & Lu, Z.-Q. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.626894 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Li, J., Hou, L., Wang, C., Jia, X., Qin, X., & Wu, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00454 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Major Depressive Disorder and Gut Microbiota: Role of Physical Exercise
de Souza, P. B., Borba, L. A., de Jesus, L. C., Valverde, A. P., Gil‐Mohapel, J., & Rodrigues, A. L. S. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242316870 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Qiu, J., Liu, R., Ma, Y., Li, Y., Chen, Z., He, H., Chen, J., Tong, L., Huang, C., & You, Q. (2020) · Pharmacology · doi:10.1159/000505132 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationYu, W., Sun, S., Yan, Y., Zhou, H., Liu, Z., & Fu, Q. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1519925 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Nutrition, gut microbiota, and alzheimer’s disease
Romanenko, M., Kholin, V., Koliada, A., & Vaiserman, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.712673 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Classical HDACs in the regulation of neuroinflammation
Dai, Y., Wei, T.-F., Shen, Z., Bei, Y., Lin, H., & Dai, H. (2021) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105182 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Lee, B., Lee, S. M., Song, J. W., & Choi, J. W. (2024) · Biomolecules & Therapeutics · doi:10.4062/biomolther.2024.009 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Jadhav, V. V., Han, J., Fasina, Y. O., & Harrison, S. H. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.1035538 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Inamoto, T., Furuta, K., Cheng, H., Uneme, M., Kano, T., Ishikawa, K., & Kaito, C. (2023) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.16945 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Sodium Butyrate Protects N2a Cells against Aβ Toxicity In Vitro
Sun, J., Yuan, B., Wu, Y., Gong, Y., Guo, W., Fu, S., Luan, Y., & Wang, W. (2020) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2020/7605160 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationAPOE genetics influence murine gut microbiome
Zajac, D. J., Green, S. J., Johnson, L. A., & Estus, S. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05763-1 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Chen, S., Cai, X., Lao, L., Wang, Y., Su, H., & Sun, H. (2024) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2023.0524 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Lan, Z., Tang, X., Lu, M., Hu, Z., & Tang, Z. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26377 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Microbiota–gut–brain axis: Natural antidepressants molecular mechanism
Lu, Y., Yu, X., Wang, Z., Kong, L., Jiang, Z., Shang, R., Zhong, X., Lv, S., Zhang, G., Gao, H., et al. (2024) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156012 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Overexpressed or hyperactivated Rac1 as a target to treat hepatocellular carcinoma
Sauzeau, V., Beignet, J., Vergoten, G., & Bailly, C. (2022) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106220 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Maes, M. H. J., Anderson, G., Medina, S. R. B., Seo, M., & Ojala, J. O. (2019) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612825666191102165459 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Petralla, S., Chirico, F. D., Miti, A., Tartagni, O., Massenzio, F., Poeta, E., Virgili, M., Zuccheri, G., & Monti, B. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11020306 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Sodium butyrate reduces overnutrition-induced microglial activation and hypothalamic inflammation
Wang, X., Duan, C., Li, Y., Lu, H., Guo, K., Ge, X., Chen, T., Shang, Y., Liu, H., & Zhang, D. (2022) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109083 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Zhao, Z., Xiao, G., Xia, J., Guo, H., Yang, X., Jiang, Q., Wang, H., Hu, J., & Zhang, C. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.09.018 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Wang, K., Zhang, C., Zhang, B., Li, G., Shi, G., Cai, Q., & Huang, M. (2022) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114152 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Epidrugs in the Therapy of Central Nervous System Disorders: A Way to Drive on?
Gladkova, M. G., Leidmaa, E., & Anderzhanova, E. A. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12111464 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Wu, J., Wu, A., Zhou, X., Khan, I., Zhang, R. L., Lo, H. H., Li, Q., Song, L., Yun, X. Y., Wang, H. M., et al. (2021) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105697 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Dietary Fats and Cognitive Status in Italian Middle-Old Adults
Currenti, W., Godos, J., Alanazi, A. M., Lanza, G., Ferri, R., Caraci, F., Grosso, G., Galvano, F., & Castellano, S. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15061429 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Bendriss, G., MacDonald, R. S., & McVeigh, C. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241511978 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Dietary Fats and Depressive Symptoms in Italian Adults
Currenti, W., Godos, J., Alanazi, A. M., Lanza, G., Ferri, R., Caraci, F., Galvano, F., Castellano, S., & Grosso, G. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15030675 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Pathogenesis from the microbial-gut-brain axis in white matter injury in preterm infants: A review
Wang, Y., Zhu, J., Zou, N., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, C., & Yang, L. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2023.1051689 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Differentiation of human glioblastoma U87 cells into cholinergic neuron
Liu, H., Xia, J., Wang, T., Li, W., Song, Y., & Tan, G. (2019) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.049 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Xu, X., Hu, P., Ma, Y., Tong, L.-J., Wang, D., Wu, Y., Chen, Z., & Huang, C. (2019) · Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108323 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrobial Metabolomes in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Potential
Borrego-Ruiz, A., & Borrego, J. J. (2025) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb47090724 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Wei, X., Ma, Y., Li, F., He, H., Huang, H., Huang, C., Chen, Z., Chen, D., Chen, J., & Yuan, X. (2021) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-021-01423-0 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrobial metabolites regulate social novelty via CaMKII neurons in the BNST
Liou, C.-W., Cheng, S., Yao, T.-H., Lai, T.-T., Tsai, Y.-H., Chien, C.-W., Kuo, Y., Chou, S.-H., Hsu, C., & Wu, W. (2023) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.029 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Butyrate: a key mediator of gut-brain communication in Alzheimer’s disease
Kachoueiyan, F., Kalkhoran, N. Y., Kalkhoran, A. Y., Kyada, A., Rekha, M. M., Chaudhary, K., Barwal, A., Sead, F. F., & Joshi, K. K. (2025) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-025-01617-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Regulation of microglial process elongation, a featured characteristic of microglial plasticity
Yang, R., Wang, H., Wen, J., Ma, K., Chen, D., Chen, Z., & Huang, C. (2018) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.028 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationA novel role of lactate: Promotion of Akt-dependent elongation of microglial process
Hong, H., Su, J., Zhang, Y., Xu, G., Huang, C., Bao, G., & Cui, Z. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110136 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationCotoia, A., Charitos, I. A., Corriero, A., Tamburrano, S., & Cinnella, G. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16244359 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Li, J., Yuan, Z., Li, J., Liu, Z., Wang, Y., Cui, M., Suo, C., Li, J., Ding, D., Chen, X., et al. (2025) · Biomarker Research · doi:10.1186/s40364-025-00851-6 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Prenatal inflammation exacerbates hyperoxia-induced neonatal brain injury
Serdar, M., Walther, K.-A., Gallert, M., Kempe, K., Obst, S., Labusek, N., Herrmann, R., Herz, J., Felderhoff‐Müser, U., & Bendix, I. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03389-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Review of the Health Benefits of Cereals and Pseudocereals on Human Gut Microbiota
Zeyneb, H., Al‐Dalali, S., Pei, H., & Cao, X. (2023) · Food and Bioprocess Technology · doi:10.1007/s11947-023-03069-2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sulforaphane triggers a functional elongation of microglial process via the Akt signal
Wu, Y. H., Gao, M., Wu, J., Hu, P., Xu, X., Zhang, Y.-R., Wang, D., Chen, Z., & Huang, C. (2019) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.019 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationTrichostatin A relieves anxiety-and depression-like symptoms in APP/PS1 mice
Su, Q., Ren, Y.-H., Liu, G.-W., Gao, Y., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, J.-N., Pei, X.-X., & Li, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1333235 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Xiao, C., Ye, J., Zhang, X., & Meng, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.848933 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Su, J., Dou, Z., Hong, H., Xu, F., Lu, X., Lu, Q., Ye, T., & Huang, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.857081 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationDing, L., Wang, J., Qiu, S., Ren, Z., Li, Y., & An, P. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-024-04176-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Human Microbiome—A Physiologic Perspective
Yang, X. J., Louwies, T., Mars, R. A. T., & Kashyap, P. (2024) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2024.tb00299.x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Metabolomic Mind: Microbial Metabolite Programming of Microglia
Verosky, B. G., Bailey, M. T., & Gur, T. (2025) · NeuroImmunoModulation · doi:10.1159/000545484 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ye, J., Sun, H., Zhang, Q., He, J., & Zhou, M. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-62360-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Zang, Z., Yang, F., Qu, L., Ge, M., Tong, L., Xue, L., Sun, X., & Hai, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2025.1640389 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Terzo, S., Amato, A., Calvi, P., Giardina, M., Nuzzo, D., Picone, P., Piccionello, A. P., Amata, S., Giardina, I. C., Massaro, A. S., et al. (2024) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-02039 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cruz-Carrillo, G., & Camacho‐Morales, A. (2020) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-020-02154-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Insights into host-microbe interaction: What can we do for the swine industry?
Fan, L., Liu, B., Han, Z., & Ren, W. (2020) · Animal nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2020.10.003 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Livshits, G., & Kalinkovich, A. (2021) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnab060 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sultana, A., Hussain, M. S., Maqbool, M., Agrawal, M., Bisht, A. S., Khurana, N., Singh, G., & Kumar, R. (2025) · Current Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/0127724328332998250118182255 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Gut microbiome, a potential modulator of neuroepigenome
Yang, R., Xu, Y., Zhu, F., Ma, X., Fan, T., & Wang, H.-L. (2025) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2025.109961 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationGut–brain axis and depression: focus on the amino acid and short-chain fatty acid metabolism
Chen, M., Lyu, Q., Huang, L., Lou, Y., & Wang, L. (2025) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000851 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Crain, E., Minaya, D. M., & Serre, C. B. D. L. (2025) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2025.04.002 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Luo, H., Li, W., Wu, L., Zhong, S., Du, C., Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Huang, X., Bahru, A. H., Tang, X., et al. (2022) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-022-04853-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Karska, J., Skonieczna‐Żydecka, K., Jakubiak, N., Czarnecka, W., & Misiak, B. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111430 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gut Feelings: Linking Dysbiosis to Depression—A Narrative Literature Review
Bibolar, A. C., Nechita, V.-I., Lung, F. C., Crecan-Suciu, B. D., & Paunescu, R. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61081360 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Human Microbiome—A Physiologic Perspective
Yang, X. J., Louwies, T., Mars, R. A. T., & Kashyap, P. (2024) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c230013 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Zhou, F., Wang, L., ZHAO, Y., Hu, C., Meng, Y., Fan, J., Fraser, W. D., Baillargeon, J., Ouyang, F., Lye, S. J., et al. (2026) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2026.2672188 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurosteroids, Microbiota, and Neuroinflammation: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives
Tahri, A., Niccolai, E., & Amedei, A. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26147023 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Li, N., Xiao, X., Zhang, H., Bai, Z., Li, M., Sun, J. Y., Dong, Y., Zhu, W., Fei, Z., Sun, X., et al. (2023) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.014 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zeng, Y., Yang, L., Liu, H., Liao, H., Zhou, Y., & Liu, J. (2026) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.71820 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cherednichenko, A. S., Mozdor, P. V., Oleynikova, T. K., Khatam, P. A., Nastueva, F. M., Kovalenkov, K. O., Serdinova, A. S., Osmaeva, A. K., Rovchak, A. I., Esikova, Y. Y., et al. (2024) · Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions · doi:10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2024.190 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
PREBIOTICS FOR ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE
Renamastika, S. N., Wahyuningrum, D. R., PUTRI, V. A., & Aisy, R. (2021) · International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.22159/ijpps.2021v13i5.41110 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effect of diallyl disulfide on lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior in micePreprint
Lu, J., He, H., Huang, C. I., & Chen, Z. (2019) · doi:10.21203/rs.2.19757/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationWells, J. (2021) · DigitalCommons@UNMC
Li, H., Xiang, Y., Zhu, Z., Wang, W., Jiang, Z., Zhao, M., Cheng, S., Pan, F., Liu, D., Ho, R., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-820698/v1
Li, N., Xiao, X., Zhang, H., Bai, Z., Li, M., Sun, J. Y., Dong, Y., Zhu, W., Fei, Z., Sun, X., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.04.15.536315
Bioinformatics Approach to Identify the Pathogenetic Link of Gut Microbial Metabolites and StrokePreprint
Ding, L., Wang, J., Qiu, S., Ren, Z., Li, Y., & An, P. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3848446/v1
Gut–brain communication through microbes
Green, M., & Foster, J. A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90144-4.00002-1
Nutritional significance of short-chain fatty acids
Karadağ, M. G., Tuğ, T. A., Ağagündüz, D., & Özoğul, F. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33296-8.00005-8
The gut–brain–epigenetic axis in brain health
Louwies, T. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15572-7.00057-7
Liu, Y., Yang, G., Su, L., Wang, H., Zhou, Q., Yao, P., Jing, C., Bai, Y., & Feng, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1962324
- Authors
- Wang, P., Zhang, Y., Gong, Y., Yang, R., Chen, Z., Hu, W., Wu, Y., Gao, M., Xu, X., Qin, Y., & Huang, C.
- Affiliations
- Nantong University (CN)
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (CN)
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Chao
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Disease
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 111
- Pages
- 12-25
- ISSN
- 0969-9961 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2772317245
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doaj.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Natural Science Foundation of China (81571323, 81771467, 81701286)
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20141240)
- Scientific Research Project of Nantong First People's Hospital (YJ201601)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Keywords
- sodium butyrate, microglia, microglial ramification, Akt signaling, Rho GTPases, Rac1, Cdc42, histone deacetylase inhibition, trichostatin A, valproic acid, neuroinflammation, anti-inflammatory activity, lipopolysaccharide
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Cells, Cultured, Histamine Antagonists, Histone Deacetylases, Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Prefrontal Cortex, Microglia, Butyric Acid, GTP Phosphohydrolases, Cell Enlargement, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review