Cited by 97Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances

Sodium butyrate triggers a functional elongation of microglial process via akt-small RhoGTPase activation and HDACs inhibition

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Wang, Peng, Zhang, Yaru, Gong, Yu, Yang, Rongrong, Chen, Zhuo, Hu, Wenfeng, Wu, Yue, Gao, Minhui +3 more·2018·Neurobiology of Disease

Abstract

Microglia, a type of immune cell in the brain, are in a ramified status with branched processes in normal conditions. Upon pathological stimulation, microglia retract their processes and become activated. Searching methods to make the activated microglia return to ramified status would help cope with injuries induced by neuroinflammation. Here, we investigated the influence of sodium butyrate (SB), a sodium salt form of butyrate produced by fermentation of dietary fibers in the gut on microglial process. Results showed that SB induced reversible elongations of microglial process in both normal and inflammatory conditions, and these elongations were accompanied with significant changes in markers reflecting the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory status of microglia. The protein kinase B (Akt)-RhoGTPase signal was considered to mediate the effect of SB on microglial process, as: i) SB activated the small RhoGTPases Rac1 and Cdc42; ii) SB promotes Akt phosphorylation; iii) Rac1, Cdc42, and Akt inhibition abrogated the pro-elongation effect of SB on microglial process. Further analysis showed that incubation of microglia with two other histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and valproic acid (VPA) also promoted microglial process elongation and Akt phosphorylation, suggesting that the SB-triggered microglial process elongation may be mediated by HDACs inhibition. Furthermore, Akt inhibition prevented the anti-inflammatory effect of SB in primary cultured microglia, and abrogated the inhibitory effects of SB on microglial process retraction and behavioral abnormalities induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These results for the first time identify an anti-inflammatory role of SB from the aspect of microglial process elongation.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.12.006

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  • Butyrate treatment in vitro and in vivo induces morphological and functional changes in microglia toward a homeostatic profile and inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory modifications and depression-like behavior.

    “butyrate treatment in vitro and in vivo induces morphological and functional changes in the microglia toward a homeostatic profile and inhibits LPS-induced pro-inflammatory modifications (109) and depression-like behavior (110).”
  • Sodium butyrate is capable of decreasing microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion.

    “sodium butyrate is capable of decreasing microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion (108–110).”
  • SCFAs can modify neuroinflammation by affecting the morphology and function of glial cells.

    “SCFAs can modify neuroinflammation by affecting the morphology and function of glial cells (120, 286, 289, 290).”

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Authors
Wang, P., Zhang, Y., Gong, Y., Yang, R., Chen, Z., Hu, W., Wu, Y., Gao, M., Xu, X., Qin, Y., & Huang, C.
Affiliations
  • Nantong University (CN)
  • Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (CN)
  • Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (CN)
Corresponding author
Huang, Chao
Venue
Neurobiology of Disease
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-03
Volume
111
Pages
12-25
ISSN
0969-9961 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2772317245
Cited by
97
References
79
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4
FWCI
2.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neurobiology of Disease (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Natural Science Foundation of China (81571323, 81771467, 81701286)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20141240)
  • Scientific Research Project of Nantong First People's Hospital (YJ201601)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Keywords
sodium butyrate, microglia, microglial ramification, Akt signaling, Rho GTPases, Rac1, Cdc42, histone deacetylase inhibition, trichostatin A, valproic acid, neuroinflammation, anti-inflammatory activity, lipopolysaccharide
MeSH terms
Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Cells, Cultured, Histamine Antagonists, Histone Deacetylases, Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Prefrontal Cortex, Microglia, Butyric Acid, GTP Phosphohydrolases, Cell Enlargement, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt

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