The Gut Microbiome as a Regulator of the Neuroimmune Landscape

Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity

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Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia

Liddelow, S. A., Guttenplan, K. A., Clarke, L. E., Bennett, F. C., Bohlen, C. J., Schirmer, L., Bennett, M. L., Münch, A. E., Chung, W.-S., Peterson, T. C., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21029 · Cited by 7,971 · see citing works

Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier

Abbott, N. J., Rönnbäck, L., & Hansson, E. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1824 · Cited by 5,595 · see citing works

Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells

Furusawa, Y., Obata, Y., Fukuda, S., Endo, T. A., Nakato, G., Takahashi, D., Nakanishi, Y., Uetake, C., Kato, K., Kato, T., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12721 · Cited by 5,549 · see citing works

Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation

Arpaia, N., Campbell, C., Fan, X., Dikiy, S., van der Veeken, J., deRoos, P., Liu, H., Cross, J. R., Pfeffer, K., Coffer, P. J., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12726 · Cited by 4,838 · see citing works

Induction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria

Ivanov, I. I., Atarashi, K., Manel, N., Brodie, E. L., Shima, T., Karaoz, U., Wei, D., Goldfarb, K. C., Santee, C. A., Lynch, S. V., et al. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,554 · see citing works

Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner

Schafer, D. P., Lehrman, E. K., Kautzman, A. G., Koyama, R., Mardinly, A. R., Yamasaki, R., Ransohoff, R. M., Greenberg, M. E., Barres, B. A., & Stevens, B. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.026 · Cited by 4,089 · see citing works

Induction of Colonic Regulatory T Cells by Indigenous <i>Clostridium</i> Species

Atarashi, K., Tanoue, T., Shima, T., Imaoka, A., Kuwahara, T., Momose, Y., Cheng, G., Yamasaki, S., Saito, T., Ohba, Y., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1198469 · Cited by 3,752 · see citing works

Gut microbiota regulate motor deficits and neuroinflammation in a model of Parkinson's disease

Sampson, T. R., Debelius, J. W., Thron, T., Janssen, S., Shastri, G. G., Ilhan, Z. E., Challis, C., Schretter, C. E., Rocha, S., Gradinaru, V., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.018 · Cited by 3,622 · see citing works

Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS

Erny, D., Hrabě de Angelis, A. L., Jaitin, D., Wieghofer, P., Staszewski, O., David, E., Keren-Shaul, H., Mahlakoiv, T., Jakobshagen, K., Buch, T., et al. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4030 · Cited by 3,569 · see citing works

The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota–gut–brain communication

Dalile, B., Van Oudenhove, L., Vervliet, B., & Verbeke, K. (2019) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-019-0157-3 · Cited by 3,357 · see citing works

Complement and microglia mediate early synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models

Hong, S., Beja-Glasser, V. F., Nfonoyim, B. M., Frouin, A., Li, S., Ramakrishnan, S., Merry, K. M., Shi, Q., Rosenthal, A., Barres, B. A., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad8373 · Cited by 3,343 · see citing works

Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior

Heijtz, R. D., Wang, S., Anuar, F., Qian, Y., Björkholm, B., Samuelsson, A., Hibberd, M. L., Forssberg, H., & Pettersson, S. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1010529108 · Cited by 3,228 · see citing works

Gut Microbiota Regulation of Tryptophan Metabolism in Health and Disease

Agus, A., Planchais, J., & Sokol, H. (2018) · Cell Host &amp; Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.003 · Cited by 3,180 · see citing works

An Immunomodulatory Molecule of Symbiotic Bacteria Directs Maturation of the Host Immune System

Mazmanian, S. K., Liu, C. H., Tzianabos, A. O., & Kasper, D. L. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.05.007 · Cited by 2,910 · see citing works

Metabolomics analysis reveals large effects of gut microflora on mammalian blood metabolites

Wikoff, W. R., Anfora, A. T., Liu, J., Schultz, P. G., Lesley, S. A., Peters, E. C., & Siuzdak, G. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812874106 · Cited by 2,677 · see citing works

The blood-brain barrier/neurovascular unit in health and disease

Hawkins, B. T., & Davis, T. P. (2005) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.57.2.4 · Cited by 2,661 · see citing works

The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice

Braniste, V., Al-Asmakh, M., Kowal, C., Anuar, F., Abbaspour, A., Tóth, M., Korecka, A., Bakocevic, N., Ng, L. G., Kundu, P., et al. (2014) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3009759 · Cited by 2,530 · see citing works

Specific Microbiota Direct the Differentiation of IL-17-Producing T-Helper Cells in the Mucosa of the Small Intestine

Ivanov, I. I., Frutos, R. D. L., Manel, N., Yoshinaga, K., Rifkin, D. B., Sartor, R. B., Finlay, B. B., & Littman, D. R. (2008) · Cell Host &amp; Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2008.09.009 · Cited by 1,770 · see citing works

Microglia in neurodegeneration

Hickman, S., Izzy, S., Sen, P., Morsett, L., & El Khoury, J. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0242-x · Cited by 1,710 · see citing works

Type I interferons and microbial metabolites of tryptophan modulate astrocyte activity and central nervous system inflammation via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor

Rothhammer, V., Mascanfroni, I. D., Bunse, L., Takenaka, M. C., Kenison, J. E., Mayo, L., Chao, C.-C., Patel, B., Yan, R., Blain, M., et al. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4106 · Cited by 1,559 · see citing works

Microglia in physiology and disease

Wolf, S. A., Boddeke, H. W. G. M., & Kettenmann, H. (2017) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034406 · Cited by 1,426 · see citing works

Proinflammatory T-cell responses to gut microbiota promote experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Lee, Y. K., Menezes, J. S., Umesaki, Y., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1000082107 · Cited by 1,323 · see citing works

Short-chain fatty acids induce both effector and regulatory T cells by suppression of histone deacetylases and regulation of the mTOR–S6K pathway

Park, J., Kim, M., Kang, S. G., Jannasch, A. H., Cooper, B., Patterson, J., & Kim, C. H. (2015) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2014.44 · Cited by 1,307 · see citing works

Commensal microbiota and myelin autoantigen cooperate to trigger autoimmune demyelination

Berer, K., Mues, M., Koutrolos, M., Rasbi, Z. A., Boziki, M., Johner, C., Wekerle, H., & Krishnamoorthy, G. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10554 · Cited by 1,251 · see citing works

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: an environmental sensor integrating immune responses in health and disease

Rothhammer, V., & Quintana, F. J. (2019) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-019-0125-8 · Cited by 1,197 · see citing works

Microglia development follows a stepwise program to regulate brain homeostasis

Matcovitch-Natan, O., Winter, D. R., Giladi, A., Vargas Aguilar, S., Spinrad, A., Sarrazin, S., Ben-Yehuda, H., David, E., Zelada González, F., Perrin, P., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad8670 · Cited by 1,180 · see citing works

A single-cell atlas of mouse brain macrophages reveals unique transcriptional identities shaped by ontogeny and tissue environment

Van Hove, H., Martens, L., Scheyltjens, I., De Vlaminck, K., Pombo Antunes, A. R., De Prijck, S., Vandamme, N., De Schepper, S., Van Isterdael, G., Scott, C. L., et al. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0393-4 · Cited by 1,160 · see citing works

Short chain fatty acids and gut microbiota differ between patients with Parkinson's disease and age-matched controls

Unger, M. M., Spiegel, J., Dillmann, K.-U., Grundmann, D., Philippeit, H., Bürmann, J., Faßbender, K., Schwiertz, A., & Schäfer, K.-H. (2016) · Parkinsonism &amp; Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.08.019 · Cited by 1,159 · see citing works

Commensal microbiota affects ischemic stroke outcome by regulating intestinal γδ T cells

Benakis, C., Brea, D., Caballero, S., Faraco, G., Moore, J., Murphy, M., Sita, G., Racchumi, G., Ling, L., Pamer, E. G., et al. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4068 · Cited by 1,114 · see citing works

The Complement System: An Unexpected Role in Synaptic Pruning During Development and Disease

Stephan, A. H., Barres, B. A., & Stevens, B. (2012) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113810 · Cited by 1,113 · see citing works

Microglial control of astrocytes in response to microbial metabolites

Rothhammer, V., Borucki, D. M., Tjon, E. C., Takenaka, M. C., Chao, C.-C., Ardura-Fabregat, A., de Lima, K. A., Gutiérrez-Vázquez, C., Hewson, P., Staszewski, O., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0119-x · Cited by 1,051 · see citing works

Gut bacteria from multiple sclerosis patients modulate human T cells and exacerbate symptoms in mouse models

Cekanaviciute, E., Yoo, B. B., Runia, T. F., Debelius, J. W., Singh, S., Nelson, C., Kanner, R., Bencosme, Y., Lee, Y. K., Hauser, S. L., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1711235114 · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works

The Short Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Imprints an Antimicrobial Program in Macrophages

Schulthess, J., Pandey, S., Capitani, M., Rue-Albrecht, K. C., Arnold, I., Franchini, F., Chomka, A., Ilott, N. E., Johnston, D. G. W., Pires, E., et al. (2019) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.018 · Cited by 1,037 · see citing works

Regulation of the immune response by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor

Gutiérrez-Vázquez, C., & Quintana, F. J. (2018) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.12.012 · Cited by 985 · see citing works

Gut microbiota from multiple sclerosis patients enables spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice

Berer, K., Gerdes, L. A., Cekanaviciute, E., Jia, X., Xiao, L., Xia, Z., Liu, C., Klotz, L., Stauffer, U., Baranzini, S. E., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1711233114 · Cited by 933 · see citing works

The movers and shapers in immune privilege of the CNS

Engelhardt, B., Vajkoczy, P., & Weller, R. O. (2017) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3666 · Cited by 893 · see citing works

Reversible Microbial Colonization of Germ-Free Mice Reveals the Dynamics of IgA Immune Responses

Hapfelmeier, S., Lawson, M. A. E., Slack, E., Kirundi, J. K., Stoel, M., Heikenwalder, M., Cahenzli, J., Velykoredko, Y., Balmer, M. L., Endt, K., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1188454 · Cited by 835 · see citing works

Regulation of learning and memory by meningeal immunity: a key role for IL-4

Derecki, N. C., Cardani, A. N., Yang, C. H., Quinnies, K. M., Crihfield, A., Lynch, K. R., & Kipnis, J. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20091419 · Cited by 800 · see citing works

Microbiome Influences Prenatal and Adult Microglia in a Sex-Specific Manner

Thion, M. S., Low, D., Silvin, A., Chen, J., Grisel, P., Schulte-Schrepping, J., Blecher, R., Ulas, T., Squarzoni, P., Hoeffel, G., et al. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.042 · Cited by 779 · see citing works

Interaction Between the Microbiota, Epithelia, and Immune Cells in the Intestine

Kayama, H., Okumura, R., & Takeda, K. (2020) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-070119-115104 · Cited by 765 · see citing works

Neuroprotective effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice: gut microbiota, glial reaction and TLR4/TNF-α signaling pathway

Sun, M.-F., Zhu, Y.-L., Zhou, Z.-L., Jia, X.-B., Xu, Y.-D., Yang, Q., Cui, C., & Shen, Y.-Q. (2018) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.005 · Cited by 736 · see citing works

Progranulin Deficiency Promotes Circuit-Specific Synaptic Pruning by Microglia via Complement Activation

Lui, H., Zhang, J., Makinson, S. R., Cahill, M. K., Kelley, K. W., Huang, H.-Y., Shang, Y., Oldham, M. C., Martens, L. H., Gao, F., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.001 · Cited by 729 · see citing works

<i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> is a promising probiotic

Zhang, T., Li, Q., Cheng, L., Buch, H., & Zhang, F. (2019) · Microbial Biotechnology · doi:10.1111/1751-7915.13410 · Cited by 708 · see citing works

Functional characterization of the dural sinuses as a neuroimmune interface

Rustenhoven, J., Drieu, A., Mamuladze, T., de Lima, K. A., Dykstra, T., Wall, M., Papadopoulos, Z., Kanamori, M., Salvador, A. F., Baker, W., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.040 · Cited by 685 · see citing works

The role of peripheral immune cells in the CNS in steady state and disease

Prinz, M., & Priller, J. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4475 · Cited by 657 · see citing works

Astrocyte-derived interleukin-33 promotes microglial synapse engulfment and neural circuit development

Vainchtein, I. D., Chin, G., Cho, F. S., Kelley, K. W., Miller, J. G., Chien, E. C., Liddelow, S. A., Nguyen, P. T., Nakao-Inoue, H., Dorman, L. C., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aal3589 · Cited by 657 · see citing works

Alternatively activated microglia and macrophages in the central nervous system

Franco, R., & Fernández‐Suárez, D. (2015) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.05.003 · Cited by 650 · see citing works

Propionic Acid Shapes the Multiple Sclerosis Disease Course by an Immunomodulatory Mechanism

Duscha, A., Gisevius, B., Hirschberg, S., Yissachar, N., Stangl, G. I., Dawin, E., Bader, V., Haase, S., Kaisler, J., David, C., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.035 · Cited by 639 · see citing works

The Potential of Gut Commensals in Reinforcing Intestinal Barrier Function and Alleviating Inflammation

Hiippala, K., Jouhten, H., Ronkainen, A., Hartikainen, A., Kainulainen, V., Jalanka, J., & Satokari, R. M. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10080988 · Cited by 605 · see citing works

Complement C3 deficiency protects against neurodegeneration in aged plaque-rich APP/PS1 mice

Shi, Q., Chowdhury, S., Ma, R., Le, K. X., Hong, S., Caldarone, B. J., Stevens, B., & Lemere, C. A. (2017) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6295 · Cited by 593 · see citing works

Microbiome–host systems interactions: protective effects of propionate upon the blood–brain barrier

Hoyles, L., Snelling, T., Umlai, U.-K., Nicholson, J. K., Carding, S. R., Glen, R. C., & McArthur, S. (2018) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0439-y · Cited by 591 · see citing works

Role of Gut Commensal Microflora in the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Ochoa-Repáraz, J., Mielcarz, D. W., Ditrio, L. E., Burroughs, A. R., Foureau, D. M., Haque-Begum, S., & Kasper, L. H. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0900747 · Cited by 590 · see citing works

Toll-like receptor signaling in neural plasticity and disease

Okun, E., Griffioen, K. J. S., & Mattson, M. P. (2011) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2011.02.005 · Cited by 513 · see citing works

A polysaccharide from the human commensal Bacteroides fragilis protects against CNS demyelinating disease

Ochoa-Repáraz, J., Mielcarz, D. W., Wang, Y., Begum-Haque, S., Dasgupta, S., Kasper, D. L., & Kasper, L. H. (2010) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2010.29 · Cited by 507 · see citing works

Toll-like receptors in health and disease in the brain: mechanisms and therapeutic potential

Hanke, M. L., & Kielian, T. (2011) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20110164 · Cited by 493 · see citing works

Ly6Chi Monocytes Provide a Link between Antibiotic-Induced Changes in Gut Microbiota and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Möhle, L., Mattei, D., Heimesaat, M. M., Bereswill, S., Fischer, A., Alutis, M., French, T., Hambardzumyan, D., Matzinger, P., Dunay, I. R., et al. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.074 · Cited by 470 · see citing works

Segmented filamentous bacteria antigens presented by intestinal dendritic cells drive mucosal Th17 cell differentiation

Goto, Y., Panea, C., Nakato, G., Cebula, A., Lee, C., Diez, M. G., Laufer, T. M., Ignatowicz, L., & Ivanov, I. I. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.03.005 · Cited by 465 · see citing works

The endotoxin hypothesis of neurodegeneration

Brown, G. C. (2019) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1564-7 · Cited by 457 · see citing works

Astrocytes and microglia: In sickness and in health

Vainchtein, I. D., & Molofsky, A. V. (2020) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.01.003 · Cited by 450 · see citing works

Microglia and early brain development: An intimate journey

Thion, M. S., Ginhoux, F., & Garel, S. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aat0474 · Cited by 440 · see citing works

Low-Dose Penicillin in Early Life Induces Long-Term Changes in Murine Gut Microbiota, Brain Cytokines and Behavior

Leclercq, S., Mian, F. M., Stanisz, A. M., Bindels, L. B., Cambier, E., Ben-Amram, H., Koren, O., Forsythe, P., & Bienenstock, J. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms15062 · Cited by 434 · see citing works

Lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation and neuroprotection against experimental brain injury is independent of hematogenous TLR4

Chen, Z., Jalabi, W., Shpargel, K. B., Farabaugh, K. T., Dutta, R., Yin, X., Kidd, G. J., Bergmann, C. C., Stohlman, S. A., & Trapp, B. D. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0730-12.2012 · Cited by 432 · see citing works

Age-associated Physiological and Pathological Changes at the Blood-Brain Barrier: A Review

Erdő, F., Denes, L., & de Lange, E. (2017) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &amp; Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x16679420 · Cited by 426 · see citing works

High-dimensional, single-cell characterization of the brain's immune compartment

Korin, B., Ben-Shaanan, T. L., Schiller, M., Dubovik, T., Azulay‐Debby, H., Boshnak, N., Koren, T., & Rolls, A. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4610 · Cited by 423 · see citing works

The microbiota regulate neuronal function and fear extinction learning

Chu, C., Murdock, M. H., Jing, D., Won, T. H., Chung, H., Kressel, A. M., Tsaava, T., Addorisio, M. E., Putzel, G. G., Zhou, L., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1644-y · Cited by 421 · see citing works

Complement in the brain

Veerhuis, R., Nielsen, H. M., & Tenner, A. J. (2011) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2011.04.003 · Cited by 420 · see citing works

Meningeal γδ T cells regulate anxiety-like behavior via IL-17a signaling in neurons

Alves de Lima, K., Rustenhoven, J., Da Mesquita, S., Wall, M., Salvador, A. F., Smirnov, I., Martelossi Cebinelli, G., Mamuladze, T., Baker, W., Papadopoulos, Z., et al. (2020) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-020-0776-4 · Cited by 416 · see citing works

Probiotics modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis and improve memory deficits in aged SAMP8 mice

Yang, X., Yu, D., Xue, L., Li, H., & Du, J. (2020) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2019.07.001 · Cited by 407 · see citing works

Recirculating Intestinal IgA-Producing Cells Regulate Neuroinflammation via IL-10

Rojas, O. L., Pröbstel, A.-K., Porfilio, E. A., Wang, A. A., Charabati, M., Sun, T., Lee, D. S. W., Galicia, G., Ramaglia, V., Ward, L. A., et al. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.035 · Cited by 382 · see citing works

Complement<i>C3</i>-Deficient Mice Fail to Display Age-Related Hippocampal Decline

Shi, Q., Colodner, K. J., Matousek, S. B., Merry, K., Hong, S., Kenison, J. E., Frost, J. L., Le, K. X., Li, S., Dodart, J.-C., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1698-15.2015 · Cited by 368 · see citing works

Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Herbal Medicines

Feng, W., Ao, H., & Peng, C. Y. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.01354 · Cited by 368 · see citing works

Microglia Require CD4 T Cells to Complete the Fetal-to-Adult Transition

Pasciuto, E., Burton, O. T., Roca, C. P., Lagou, V., Rajan, W. D., Theys, T., Mancuso, R., Tito, R. Y., Kouser, L., Callaerts-Vegh, Z., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.026 · Cited by 368 · see citing works

Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disease Protection by the Human Commensal <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> Depends on Polysaccharide A Expression

Ochoa-Repáraz, J., Mielcarz, D. W., Ditrio, L. E., Burroughs, A. R., Begum-Haque, S., Dasgupta, S., Kasper, D. L., & Kasper, L. H. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1001443 · Cited by 367 · see citing works

Imaging robust microglial activation after lipopolysaccharide administration in humans with PET

Sandiego, C. M., Gallezot, J.-D., Pittman, B., Nabulsi, N., Lim, K., Lin, S.-F., Matuskey, D., Lee, J.-Y., O’Connor, K. C., Huang, Y., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1511003112 · Cited by 356 · see citing works

Microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids modulate microglia and promote Aβ plaque deposition

Colombo, A. V., Sadler, R. K., Llovera, G., Singh, V., Roth, S., Heindl, S., Sebastian Monasor, L., Verhoeven, A., Peters, F., Parhizkar, S., et al. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.59826 · Cited by 354 · see citing works

Meningeal Immunity and Its Function in Maintenance of the Central Nervous System in Health and Disease

Alves de Lima, K., Rustenhoven, J., & Kipnis, J. (2020) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-102319-103410 · Cited by 348 · see citing works

High frequency of intestinal T _H 17 cells correlates with microbiota alterations and disease activity in multiple sclerosis

Cosorich, I., Dalla-Costa, G., Sorini, C., Ferrarese, R., Messina, M. J., Dolpady, J., Radice, E., Mariani, A., Testoni, P. A., Canducci, F., et al. (2017) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700492 · Cited by 338 · see citing works

Cell-specific deletion of C1qa identifies microglia as the dominant source of C1q in mouse brain

Fonseca, M. I., Chu, S.-H., Hernandez, M. X., Fang, M. J., Modarresi, L., Selvan, P., MacGregor, G. R., & Tenner, A. J. (2017) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0814-9 · Cited by 337 · see citing works

Gut-licensed IFNγ+ NK cells drive LAMP1+TRAIL+ anti-inflammatory astrocytes

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Human Gut Microbiota: Repertoire and Variations

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