Sugar rush or sugar crash? A meta-analysis of carbohydrate effects on mood
Open accessAbstract
The effect of carbohydrate (CHO) consumption on mood is much debated, with researchers reporting both mood improvements and decrements following CHO ingestion. As global consumption of sugar-sweetened products has sharply increased in recent years, examining the validity of claims of an association between CHOs and mood is of high importance. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between acute CHO ingestion and mood. We examined the time-course of CHO-mood interactions and considered the role of moderator variables potentially affecting the CHO-mood relationship. Analysis of 176 effect sizes (31 studies, 1259 participants) revealed no positive effect of CHOs on any aspect of mood at any time-point following their consumption. However, CHO administration was associated with higher levels of fatigue and less alertness compared with placebo within the first hour post-ingestion. These findings challenge the idea that CHOs can improve mood, and might be used to increase the public's awareness that the 'sugar rush' is a myth, inform health policies to decrease sugar consumption, and promote healthier alternatives.
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CHO ingestion does not have a beneficial effect on mood and may increase fatigue within 30 min post-consumption.
“This is in line with a previous meta-analysis that concluded that CHO ingestion does not have a beneficial effect on mood and may increase fatigue within 30 min post-consumption [46].”
From Acute effects of brief mindfulness intervention coupled with carbohydrate ingestion to re-energize soccer players: a randomized crossover trial. (2020) · cites this paper as [46]
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- Authors
- Mantantzis, K., Schlaghecken, F., Sünram-Lea, S. I., & Maylor, E. A.
- Affiliations
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Maylor, Elizabeth A.
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- 101
- Pages
- 45-67
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2933556563
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 150
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- eprints.lancs.ac.uk
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (acceptedVersion)
- Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Warwick
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- carbohydrate intake, mood, sugar consumption, fatigue, alertness, sugar-sweetened foods
- MeSH terms
- Dietary Sugars, Affect, Anger, Confusion, Depression, Fatigue, Humans
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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