Influence of Tryptophan and Serotonin on Mood and Cognition with a Possible Role of the Gut-Brain Axis
Open accessAbstract
The serotonergic system forms a diffuse network within the central nervous system and plays a significant role in the regulation of mood and cognition. Manipulation of tryptophan levels, acutely or chronically, by depletion or supplementation, is an experimental procedure for modifying peripheral and central serotonin levels. These studies have allowed us to establish the role of serotonin in higher order brain function in both preclinical and clinical situations and have precipitated the finding that low brain serotonin levels are associated with poor memory and depressed mood. The gut-brain axis is a bi-directional system between the brain and gastrointestinal tract, linking emotional and cognitive centres of the brain with peripheral functioning of the digestive tract. An influence of gut microbiota on behaviour is becoming increasingly evident, as is the extension to tryptophan and serotonin, producing a possibility that alterations in the gut may be important in the pathophysiology of human central nervous system disorders. In this review we will discuss the effect of manipulating tryptophan on mood and cognition, and discuss a possible influence of the gut-brain axis.
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Dietary flavonoids (polyphenols) are associated with gut microbiome regulation.
“Additionally, it has been reported that dietary flavonoids (polyphenols) are associated with gut microbiome regulation, and these microbiomes can prevent and treat depression by increasing the synthesis of serotonin, which is a neurotransmitter in the body [16,17,18].”
From Flavonoid-rich orange juice intake and altered gut microbiome in young adults with depressive symptom: a randomized controlled study (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Jenkins, T., Nguyen, J., Polglaze, K., & Bertrand, P.
- Affiliations
- RMIT University (AU)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Jenkins, Trisha
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2016-01-20
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 56
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4728667
- OpenAlex
- W2286636876
- Cited by
- 904
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 126 · 2024: 140 · 2023: 116 · 2022: 129 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 16
- FWCI
- 2.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1048885)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- tryptophan, serotonin, gut-brain axis, mood, cognition, tryptophan depletion, tryptophan supplementation, memory, depression, gut microbiota, serotonergic system
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Affect, Brain, Central Nervous System Diseases, Cognition, Humans, Serotonin, Tryptophan, Gastrointestinal Tract
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