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A glycogen synthase kinase 3-β promoter gene single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with age at onset and response to total sleep deprivation in bipolar depression
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms driving the biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus may play a role in mood disorders. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (-50T/C) falling into the effective promoter region (nt -171 to +29) of the gene coding for glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK3-beta) has been linked with different age at onset of bipolar illness. GSK3-beta codes for an enzyme which is a target for the action of lithium and valproic acid, and the inhibition of which causes antidepressant-like behaviors in a preclinical model. We studied the effect of this polymorphism on the acute response to total sleep deprivation of 60 depressed bipolar type I inpatients. Homozygotes for the mutant allele of GSK3-beta promoter (-50T/C) SNP showed a later onset of bipolar illness, and better acute effects of TSD treatment on perceived mood (as rated on VAS). Overall, these observations suggest a protective role for this genotype in respect to bipolar illness. Results warrant interest for the variants of genes pertaining to the molecular clock as possible endophenotypes of bipolar disorder, and for GSK3-beta as a target of a new class of antidepressant drugs, but caution ought to be taken in interpreting these preliminary results and future replication studies must be awaited because of the low frequency of the GSK3-beta*C/C genotype in the studied populations.
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“other studies failed to show a general association between these SNPs and BPD”
From Circadian genes, rhythms and the biology of mood disorders (2007) · cites this paper as Benedetti et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“one of these SNPs (−50 T to C) is linked to a later age of onset of BPD and a greater response to total sleep deprivation (TSD) and long-term lithium treatment (Benedetti et al., 2004; Benedetti et al., 2005).”
From Circadian genes, rhythms and the biology of mood disorders (2007) · cites this paper as Benedetti et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“one of these SNPs (−50 T to C) is linked to a later age of onset of BPD and a greater response to total sleep deprivation (TSD) and long-term lithium treatment (Benedetti et al., 2004; Benedetti et al., 2005).”
From Circadian genes, rhythms and the biology of mood disorders (2007) · cites this paper as Benedetti et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“one of these SNPs (−50 T to C) is linked to a later age of onset of BPD and a greater response to total sleep deprivation (TSD) and long-term lithium treatment (Benedetti et al., 2004; Benedetti et al., 2005).”
From Circadian genes, rhythms and the biology of mood disorders (2007) · cites this paper as Benedetti et al., 2004
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The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors
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McClung, C. A. (2007) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.02.003 · Cited by 666
“Similarly, other studies failed to show a general association between these SNPs and BPD, however, one of these SNPs (−50 T to C) is linked to a later age of onset of BPD and a greater response to total sleep deprivation (TSD) and long-term lithium treatment (Benedetti et al., 2004;Benedetti et al., 2005).”
ResultNuclear Receptor Rev-erbα Is a Critical Lithium-Sensitive Component of the Circadian Clock
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BackgroundIs Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 a Central Modulator in Mood Regulation?
Li, X., & Jope, R. S. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.105 · Cited by 294
“A series of studies in an Italian population reported that a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of GSK3b (–50T/C) is associated with bipolar disorder (Benedetti et al, 2004a, b, 2005).”
Chronotherapeutics (light and wake therapy) in affective disorders
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Self-citationInhibition of GSK3 by lithium, from single molecules to signaling networks
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Circadian rhythms and sleep in bipolar disorder
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Beaulieu, J. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.110011 · Cited by 242
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“…GSK3b -50T/C SNP, which falls into the effective promoter region (nt 171 to þ 29) of the gene (Shaw et al., 1998) has been linked with age at onset (Benedetti et al., 2004a, b) and with the therapeutic longterm response to lithium salts in individuals affected by bipolar illness (Benedetti et…”
BackgroundSleep Disturbance in Bipolar Disorder: Therapeutic Implications
Plante, D. T., & Winkelman, J. W. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08010077 · Cited by 268
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“Agomelatine, a potential agonist of the melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 and an antagonist of 5HT2C, induced a circadian phase-advancing effect.98 Open-label studies have also suggested the effectiveness of agomelatine for mood symptoms.99,100 However, a recent randomized study concluded that an agomelatine adjunctive…”
BackgroundInfluentialClock genes may influence bipolar disorder susceptibility and dysfunctional circadian rhythm
Shi, J., Wittke‐Thompson, J. K., Badner, J. A., Hattori, E., Potash, J. B., Willour, V. L., McMahon, F. J., Gershon, E. S., & Liu, C. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30714 · Cited by 211
“GSK3B has been associated with age at onset and response to total sleep deprivation in BP [Benedetti et al., 2004a,b], increased susceptibility to BPII in females [Lee et al., 2006; Szczepankiewicz et al., 2006b], and response of patients with BP or depression to lithium treatment [Benedetti et…”
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Self-citationCircadian dysregulation of clock genes: clues to rapid treatments in major depressive disorder
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Mármol, F. (2008) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.08.012 · Cited by 175
“One SNP (−50T/C) is common and particularly interesting as it falls into the effective promoter region of the gene coding forGSK-3β (Rus et al., 2001; Lenoxet al., 2002; Benedetti et al., 2004a,b).”
Lithium and GSK3-β Promoter Gene Variants Influence White Matter Microstructure in Bipolar Disorder
Benedetti, F., Bollettini, I., Barberi, I., Radaelli, D., Poletti, S., Locatelli, C., Pirovano, A., Lorenzi, C., Falini, A., Colombo, C., et al. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.172 · Cited by 167
“The low-activity C allele was associated with less detrimental clinical features of mood disorders, including a delayed onset of illness (Benedetti et al, 2004a), a better clinical response to lithium in the lifetime prevention of illness recurrences (Benedetti et al, 2005), and a better…”
BackgroundResultMansour, H. A., Talkowski, M. E., Wood, J., Chowdari, K. V., McClain, L., Prasad, K., Montrose, D., Fagiolini, A., Friedman, E. S., Allen, M. H., et al. (2009) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00756.x · Cited by 161
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“Several psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder and particularly seasonal affective disorder could be related, at least in part, to the dysregulation of circadian rhythms (Benedetti et al., 2004; Mansour et al., 2006).”
BackgroundPeterson, M. J., & Benca, R. M. (2006) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2006.09.003 · Cited by 164
Circadian genes and bipolar disorder
Mansour, H., Monk, T. H., & Nimgaonkar, V. L. (2005) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890510007377 · Cited by 144
“Homozygotes for the mutant alleles had a later onset of illness and a better acute effect of TSD treatment, suggesting a protective role for this genotype (GSK3-b C/C) (116).”
BackgroundAlloy, L. B., Nusslock, R., & Boland, E. M. (2015) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112902 · Cited by 144
The bipolarity of light and dark: A review on Bipolar Disorder and circadian cycles
Abreu, T., & Bragança, M. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.017 · Cited by 136
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“... showed that a T/C substitution in said promoter is associated with the level of transcriptional activity, with C substitution resulting in decreased expression, while three studies by Benedetti et al. have shown C/ C homozygote BPD patients shared clinical features suggestive of a milder form of the illness, inclu…”
ResultCircadian abnormalities, molecular clock genes and chronobiological treatments in depression
Bunney, J., & Potkin, S. G. (2008) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/ldn019 · Cited by 124
Disruption of the Circadian Timing Systems
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“…allele of this SNP have been shown to have a later onset of the disease compared to homozygous carriers of the common allele and homozygous rare allele carrier patients have been shown to manifest a better therapeutic response to total sleep deprivation treatment (Benedetti et al., 2004a, 2004b).”
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Tau Phosphorylation by GSK3 in Different Conditions
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“However, sleep deprivation has been associated with GSK3 activation [75], whereas a net GSK3 phosphorylation takes place in hibernating mammals [76].”
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Carpenter, J. S., Crouse, J. J., Scott, E. M., Naismith, S. L., Wilson, C., Scott, J., Merikangas, K. R., & Hickie, I. B. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.045 · Cited by 114
Sleep Deprivation in Mood Disorders
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Le-Niculescu, H., McFarland, M. J., Ogden, C. A., Balaraman, Y., Patel, S. D., Tan, J., Rodd, Z. A., Paulus, M. P., Geyer, M. A., Edenberg, H. J., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30707 · Cited by 110
“, 2005], as well as has been implicated in age of onset and response to sleep deprivation in bipolar patients [Benedetti et al., 2004].”
BackgroundThe role of the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase–protein kinase B pathway in schizophrenia
Kalkman, H. O. (2006) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.10.014 · Cited by 107
Sleep- and circadian rhythm–associated pathways as therapeutic targets in bipolar disorder
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“An association of GSK3b (-50 T/C) polymorphism with the therapeutic response to lithium among 88 BD-I cases was recently reported: the relapse risk (measured by the recurrence index) for homozygotes for the wild variant (C/C) did not change under treatment, whereas carriers of the mutant T allele showed improvement, s…”
BackgroundAdli, M., Hollinde, D. L., Stamm, T. J., Wiethoff, K., Tsahuridu, M., Kirchheiner, J., Heinz, A., & Bauer, M. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.03.023 · Cited by 102
Clock gene variants in mood and anxiety disorders
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“…of the T-allele in GSK3B SNP-50T/C had an earlier onset of the disease among 185 patients with bipolar type 1 patients (Benedetti et al. 2004a) and among 60 patients with bipolar type 1 patients (Benedetti et al. 2004b), but not among 243 patients with bipolar patients (Serretti et al. 2008).”
BackgroundTranslational research in bipolar disorder: emerging insights from genetically based models
Chen, G., Henter, I. D., & Manji, H. K. (2010) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2010.3 · Cited by 95
Applications of blood-based protein biomarker strategies in the study of psychiatric disorders
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“Several genetic polymorphisms of circadian genes have been found to be associated with bipolar disorder, although these findings have not always been replicated (Benedetti et al. 2004a, b; Mansour et al. 2005; Soria et al. 2010).”
BackgroundBiological rhythms and chronotherapeutics in depression
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“Among intracellular transduction mechanisms linked to dopamine, glutamate and serotonin transmission, there is the Akt/GSK-3 signaling that has been demonstrated to be strongly involved in schizophrenia and in bipolar disorder pathophysiology (Benedetti et al. 2004; Karege et al. 2010; Magno et al. 2010), as well as i…”
BackgroundCircadian biomarkers, circadian genes and bipolar disorders
Milhiet, V., Étain, B., Boudebesse, C., & Bellivier, F. (2011) · Journal of Physiology-Paris · doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2011.07.002 · Cited by 91
Sleep Deprivation Therapy for Depression
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Pharmacogenetics in the treatment of depression: pharmacodynamic studies
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Chronobiological therapy for mood disorders
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Melatonin, circadian rhythms, and the clock genes in bipolar disorder
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Szczepankiewicz, A., RYBAKOWSKI, J. K., Suwalska, A., Skibińska, M., Leszczyńska-Rodziewicz, A., Dmitrzak‐Węglarz, M., Czerski, P. M., & Hauser, J. (2006) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622970600554711 · Cited by 73
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“An association between a single-nucleotide polymorphism of GSK-3beta ( 50 T to C) and a late onset of bipolar disorder was found (Benedetti et al., 2004).”
Severino, G., Manchia, M., Contu, P., Squassina, A., Lampus, S. F., Ardau, R., Chillotti, C., & Zompo, M. D. (2009) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00667.x · Cited by 71
Chronobiological Therapy for Mood Disorders
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“Although several studies have investigated the association between GSK-3b gene (GSK3B) and mood disorders, the results have been rather inconsistent (Benedetti et al., 2004a,b; Lee et al., 2006; Michelon et al., 2006; Nishiguchi et al., 2006; Serretti et al., 2008; Szczepankiewicz et al., 2006). d…”
Tsai, S.-J., Liou, Y.-J., Hong, C.-J., Yu, Y. W.-Y., & Chen, T.-J. (2008) · The Pharmacogenomics Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.tpj.6500486 · Cited by 66
The Role of Mammalian Circadian Proteins in Normal Physiology and Genotoxic Stress Responses
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Psychotropic drugs affect Ser9-phosphorylated GSK-3β protein levels in rodent frontal cortex
Kozlovsky, N., Amar, S., Belmaker, R. H., & Agam, G. (2005) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145705006097 · Cited by 65
“, 2004a) and is associated with age at onset and response to sleep deprivation (Benedetti et al., 2004b) in bipolar patients.”
BackgroundOsorio, R. S., Ducca, E. L., Wohlleber, M. E., Tanzi, E. B., Gumb, T., Twumasi, A., Tweardy, S., Lewis, C., Fischer, E., Koushyk, V., et al. (2016) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.5846 · Cited by 65
Rapid-acting antidepressants and the circadian clock
Sato, S., Bunney, B. G., Mendoza-Viveros, L., Bunney, W. E., Borrelli, E., Sassone‐Corsi, P., & Orozco-Solís, R. (2021) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01241-w · Cited by 67
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“It has been reported to be associated with response to lithium treatment and age of disease onset for Italian bipolar I patients (Benedetti et al., 2004a, 2004b, 2005).”
BackgroundBenedetti, F., & Smeraldi, E. (2009) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161209788957447 · Cited by 60
“This polymorphism influenced, in the same direction, acute antidepressant response to SD, with bipolar depressed homozygotes carriers of the C allele showing better mood amelioration after the night awake (day 1 response) and a relapse similar to the other groups after recovery sleep [146].”
BackgroundBenedetti, F., Poletti, S., Radaelli, D., Bernasconi, A., Cavallaro, R., Falini, A., Lorenzi, C., Pirovano, A., Dallaspezia, S., Locatelli, C., et al. (2010) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00566.x · Cited by 59
Genetic Factors Affecting Seasonality, Mood, and the Circadian Clock
Garbazza, C., & Benedetti, F. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00481 · Cited by 56
Zhang, K., Yang, C., Xu, Y. J., Sun, N., Yang, H., Liu, J., Xu, Q., & Shen, Y. (2009) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-009-0360-4 · Cited by 55
“However, to date, not all studies have found GSK3B to be associated with MDD itself, but rather with particular clinical features (Benedetti et al. 2004; Serretti et al. 2008) or antidepressant usage (Adli et al.”
BackgroundThe Wnt Pathway in Mood Disorders
Sani, G., Napoletano, F., Forte, A. M., Kotzalidis, G. D., Panaccione, I., Porfiri, G. M., Simonetti, A., Caloro, M., Girardi, N., Telesforo, C. L., et al. (2012) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/157015912803217279 · Cited by 59
Lee, K. Y., Ahn, Y. M., Joo, E.-J., Jeong, S.-H., Chang, J. S., Kim, S.-C., & Kim, Y. S. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.10.059 · Cited by 54
Chronobiology of mood disorders
Malhi, G. S., & Kuiper, S. (2013) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12173 · Cited by 55
Lithium's role in neural plasticity and its implications for mood disorders
Gray, J. D., & McEwen, B. S. (2013) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12139 · Cited by 55
“A SNP identified in GSK3b ( 50 T/C) in clinical populations has been linked to the age of onset of BPD (55).”
BackgroundMelatonin and Its Agonist Ramelteon in Alzheimer′s Disease: Possible Therapeutic Value
Srinivasan, V., Kaur, C., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Brown, G. M., & Cardinali, D. P. (2010) · International Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.4061/2011/741974 · Cited by 53
“Sleep deprivation is associated with GSK3β activation [164], altered proteosomal processing [165],”
BackgroundSOUSA, R. T. D., Zanetti, M. V., Talib, L. L., Serpa, M. H., Chaim, T. M., Carvalho, A. F., Brunoni, A. R., Busatto, G. F., Gattaz, W. F., & Machado‐Vieira, R. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.01.016 · Cited by 52
Chronobiology of Bipolar Disorder: Therapeutic Implication
Dallaspezia, S., & Benedetti, F. (2015) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-015-0606-9 · Cited by 55
Saus, E., Soria, V., Escaramís, G., Crespo, J. M., Valero, J., Gutiérrez‐Zotes, A., Martorell, L., Vilella, E., Menchón, J. M., Estivill, X., et al. (2010) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00617.x · Cited by 51
“We interrogated for MDD and BD diagnoses, and also for the AAO and severity of the depressive index episode, which are phenotypes previously reported to be associated with this gene (Benedetti et al. 2004).”
BackgroundMethodPogorelov, V. M., Nomura, J., Kim, J., Kannan, G., Ayhan, Y., Yang, C., Taniguchi, Y., Abazyan, B. N., Valentine, H., Krasnova, I. N., et al. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.02.003 · Cited by 52
“There have been also reports to suggest a role of AKT/GSK-3b signaling in schizophrenia, depression, psychosis and responses to lithium (Beaulieu et al., 2009; Benedetti et al., 2004; Karege et al., 2007; Mao et al., 2009; Serretti et al., 2008) as well as in neurodevelopment (Hur and Zhou, 2010), and NMDA-dependent s…”
BackgroundReview: Clock genes at the heart of depression
Kennaway, D. J. (2010) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/1359786810372980 · Cited by 51
Benedetti, F., Dallaspezia, S., Lorenzi, C., Pirovano, A., Radaelli, D., Locatelli, C., Poletti, S., Colombo, C., & Smeraldi, E. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.039 · Cited by 49
Chen, X., Feng, L., Cai, B., Chen, X., & Chen, G. (2017) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.24311 · Cited by 49
Antidepressant chronotherapeutics for bipolar depression
Benedetti, F. (2012) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2012.14.4/fbenedetti · Cited by 50
Tomasetti, C., Dell’Aversano, C., Iasevoli, F., Marmo, F., & de Bartolomeis, A. (2011) · Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.10.025 · Cited by 49
Geoffroy, P. A., Boudebesse, C., Henrion, A., Jamain, S., Henry, C., Leboyer, M., Bellivier, F., & Étain, B. (2013) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12103 · Cited by 46
“Indeed, it has been suggested that circadian genes may modulate the therapeutic response to mood stabilizers (Benedetti et al. 2004, 2005b).”
BackgroundThe role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in multiple sclerosis
Noori, T., Dehpour, A. R., Sureda, A., Fakhri, S., Sobarzo‐Sánchez, E., Farzaei, M. H., Akkol, E. K., Khodarahmi, Z., Hosseini, S. Z., Alavi, S. D., et al. (2020) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110874 · Cited by 46
Biological rhythms and mood disorders
Salvatore, P., Indic, P., Murray, G., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2012) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2012.14.4/psalvatore · Cited by 43
“Individual genetic characteristics of the molecular mechanisms of the biological clock are also determinants of core features of mood disorders, including age at onset,(40) recurrence,(41) symptoms of insomnia and its treatment,(42,43) and response to sleep deprivation.(40) Such findings point to an intimate relations…”
BackgroundFurlotti, G., Alisi, M. A., Cazzolla, N., Dragone, P., Durando, L., Magarò, G., Mancini, F., Mangano, G., Ombrato, R., Vitiello, M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01208 · Cited by 43
Serretti, A., Benedetti, F., Mandelli, L., Calati, R., Caneva, B., Lorenzi, C., Fontana, V., Colombo, C., & Smeraldi, E. (2007) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.06.017 · Cited by 43
Targeting glycogen synthase kinase-3 as an approach to develop novel mood-stabilising medications
Gould, T. D. (2006) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.10.3.377 · Cited by 40
“Patients with the C/C genotype had better acute response to total sleep deprivation and a higher relapse following one night of recovery sleep [111].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe genetics of early-onset bipolar disorder: A systematic review
Kennedy, K. P., Cullen, K. R., DeYoung, C. G., & Klimes‐Dougan, B. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.017 · Cited by 40
Can the response to mood stabilizers be predicted in bipolar disorder
Geoffroy, P. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Elite · doi:10.2741/e696 · Cited by 41
“This thus suggests that the long-term response to lithium in bipolar illness is influenced by the GSK3β -50 T/C polymorphism (51).”
BackgroundMethodSignaling Pathways Involved in Antidepressant-Induced Cell Proliferation and Synaptic Plasticity
Pilar-Cuéllar, F., Vidal, R., Díaz, Á., Castro, E., Dos-Anjos, S., Vargas, V. I., Romero, B., & Valdizán, E. M. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/13816128113196660736 · Cited by 37
Lithium and GSK-3β promoter gene variants influence cortical gray matter volumes in bipolar disorder
Benedetti, F., Poletti, S., Radaelli, D., Locatelli, C., Pirovano, A., Lorenzi, C., Vai, B., Bollettini, I., Falini, A., Smeraldi, E., et al. (2014) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3770-4 · Cited by 38
“…human cell lines (Kwok et al. 2005), was associated with less detrimental clinical features of mood disorders, including a delayed onset of illness (Benedetti et al. 2004a), a better clinical response to lithium in the lifetime prevention of illness recurrences (Benedetti et al. 2005; Lin et al.…”
Genetic association of BDNF val66met and GSK‐3β‐50T/C polymorphisms with tardive dyskinesia
Park, S. W., Lee, J. G., Kong, B. G., Lee, S. J., Lee, C. H., Kim, J. I., & Kim, Y. H. (2009) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01976.x · Cited by 35
Understanding Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3: A Novel Avenue for Alzheimer’s Disease
Sequeira, R. C., & Godad, A. P. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03839-1 · Cited by 31
Association analysis of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β gene in bipolar disorder
Nishiguchi, N., Breen, G. D., Russ, C., Clair, D. S., & Collier, D. A. (2005) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.10.042 · Cited by 29
“They also found evidence of response to total sleep deprivation and to lithium salt therapy [2,3].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Benedetti, F., Serretti, A., Colombo, C., Lorenzi, C., Tubazio, V., & Smeraldi, E.
- Affiliations
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Benedetti, Francesco
- Venue
- Neuroscience Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 368
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 123-126
- ISSN
- 0304-3940 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2080758948
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 5.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- glycogen synthase kinase-3β, single nucleotide polymorphisms, total sleep deprivation, bipolar depression, bipolar I disorder, age of onset, genetic susceptibility, circadian clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus, mood disorders, antidepressant targets, endophenotypes
- MeSH terms
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta, Adult, Alleles, Analysis of Variance, Bipolar Disorder, DNA Mutational Analysis, Female, Genotype, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Sleep Deprivation, Age of Onset, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
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