Cited by 292Treatment of Major DepressionCircadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and related disorders

Chronotherapeutics (light and wake therapy) in affective disorders

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WIRZ-JUSTICE, ANNA, BENEDETTI, FRANCESCO, BERGER, MATHIAS, LAM, RAYMOND W., MARTINY, KLAUS, TERMAN, MICHAEL, WU, JOSEPH C.·2005·Psychological Medicine

Abstract

The Committee on Chronotherapeutics, delegated by the International Society for Affective Disorders (ISAD), makes the following recommendations after reviewing the evidence as of November 2004. (1) Wake therapy is the most rapid antidepressant available today: approximately 60% of patients, independent of diagnostic subtype, respond with marked improvement within hours. Treatment can be a single or repeated sleep deprivation, total (all night) or partial (second half of the night). Relapse can be prevented by daily light therapy, concomitant administration of SSRIs, lithium (for bipolar patients), or a short phase advance of sleep over 3 days following a single night of wake therapy. Combinations of these interventions show great promise. (2) Light therapy is effective for major depression--not only for the seasonal subtype. As an adjuvant to conventional antidepressants in unipolar patients, or lithium in bipolar patients, morning light hastens and potentiates the antidepressant response. Light therapy shows benefit even for patients with chronic depression of 2 years or more, outperforming their weak response to drugs. This method provides a viable alternative for patients who refuse, resist or cannot tolerate medication, or for whom drugs may be contraindicated, as in antepartum depression. (3) Given the urgent need for new strategies to treat patients with residual depressive symptoms, clinical trials of wake therapy and/or adjuvant light therapy, coupled with follow-up studies of long-term recurrence, are a high priority.

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  • Follow-up treatment with daily light therapy or a short phase advance in the sleep/wake cycle can prevent relapse after total sleep deprivation.

    “Furthermore, follow up treatment with daily light therapy or a short phase advance in the sleep/wake cycle can also prevent relapse (Berger et al., 1997; Riemann et al., 1999; Wirz-Justice et al., 2005).”

    From Circadian genes, rhythms and the biology of mood disorders (2007) · cites this paper as Wirz-Justice et al., 2005

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  1. Benedetti, F., Colombo, C., Bernasconi, A., Barbini, B., Fulgosi, M. C., Pontiggia, A. & Smeraldi, E. (2004a). Chronobiological treatments of bipolar depression. In The International Society for Affective Disorders (ISAD), 2nd Biennial Conference, Cancun, Mexico. Journal of Affective Disorders 78 (Suppl. 1), S14.
  2. Benedetti, F., Serretti, A., Colombo, C., Lorenzi, C., Tubazio, V. & Smeraldi, E. (2004 b). A glycogen synthase kinase 3-b promoter gene SNP is associated with age at onset and response to total sleep deprivation in bipolar depression. Neuroscience Letters 368, 123- 126.
  3. Berger, M. (2004). Sleep phase advances as a fast-acting anti- depressive strategy. In The International Society for Affective Disorders (ISAD), 2nd Biennial Conference, Cancun, Mexico. Journal of Affective Disorders 78 (Suppl. 1), S15.
  4. Chisholm, D. (2004). Avertable burden of affective disorders : a global cost-effectiveness analysis. In The International Society for Affective Disorders (ISAD), 2nd Biennial Conference, Cancun, Mexico. Journal of Affective Disorders 78 (Suppl. 1), S21.
  5. Kripke, D. F. (1998). Light treatment for nonseasonal depression: speed, efficacy, and combined treatment. Journal of Affective Disorders 49, 109-117.
  6. Martiny, K., Lunde, M., Unde´n, M., Dam, H. & Bech, P. (2004). Adjunctive bright light in non-seasonal major depression. In The International Society for Affective Disorders (ISAD), 2nd Biennial Conference, Cancun, Mexico. Journal of Affective Disorders 78 (Suppl. 1), S16.
  7. Paykel, E. (2004). Long-term outcome of depression: a problem. In The International Society for Affective Disorders (ISAD), 2nd Biennial Conference, Cancun, Mexico. Journal of Affective Dis- orders 78 (Suppl. 1), S2.
  8. Pinder, R. M. (2004). Do we need more antidepressants? In The International Society for Affective Disorders (ISAD), 2nd Biennial Conference, Cancun, Mexico. Journal of Affective Disorders 78 (Suppl. 1), S8.
  9. Serretti, A., Cusin, C., Benedetti, F., Mandelli, L., Pirovano, A., Zanardi, R., Colombo, C. & Smeraldi, E. (in press). Insomnia im- provement during antidepressant treatment is associated with CLOCK gene polymorphism. American Journal of Medical Genetics.
  10. Terman, M. (2004). Light and negative air ion treatment for chronic depression. In The International Society for Affective Disorders (ISAD), 2nd Biennial Conference, Cancun, Mexico. Journal of Affective Disorders 78 (Suppl. 1), S15.
  11. Thase, M. (2004). How to achieve more remission. In The International Society for Affective Disorders (ISAD), 2nd Biennial Conference, Cancun, Mexico. Journal of Affective Disorders 78 (Suppl. 1), S9.
  12. Tuunainen, A., Kripke, D. F. & Endo, T. (2004). In The Cochrane Library, vol. 2. John Wiley & Sons Ltd: Chichester, UK.
  13. Wu, J. C. (2004). Chronobiological augmentation of sleep depri- vation as an antidepressant intervention. In The International Society for Affective Disorders (ISAD), 2nd Biennial Conference, Cancun, Mexico. Journal of Affective Disorders 78 (Suppl. 1), S15.

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Authors
WIRZ-JUSTICE, A., BENEDETTI, F., BERGER, M., LAM, R. W., MARTINY, K., TERMAN, M., & WU, J. C.
Affiliations
International Society for Infectious Diseases (US)
Venue
Psychological Medicine
Published
2005-03-10
Volume
35
Issue
7
Pages
939-944
ISSN
  • 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-8978
OpenAlex
W2111639473
Cited by
291
References
58
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 21
FWCI
8.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords
chronotherapy, wake therapy, phototherapy, sleep deprivation, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, antidepressant response, relapse prevention, seasonal affective disorder, chronic depression, antenatal depression, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, lithium, sleep phase advance, treatment-resistant depression
MeSH terms
Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Phototherapy, Prognosis, Treatment Outcome, Mood Disorders

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