Intranasal delivery of siRNA to the olfactory bulbs of mice via the olfactory nerve pathway
Abstract
Adopting RNAi technology for targeted manipulation of gene expression in the central nervous system (CNS) will require delivery of RNAi constructs to the CNS followed by cellular transfection and induction of the RNAi machinery. Significant strides have been made in enhancing RNAi transfection and tailoring knockdown toward specific gene targets, however, delivery of the RNAi constructs to the CNS remains a significant challenge. One possible solution for targeting siRNA to the CNS is intranasal administration, which noninvasively delivers a variety of compounds to the CNS. The current study examined delivery of fluorescently labeled siRNA from the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulbs via the olfactory nerve pathway. siRNA was observed along the length of the olfactory nerve bundles, from the olfactory mucosa of the nasal cavity to the anterior regions of the olfactory bulbs. In the olfactory mucosa, labeled siRNA was found within the olfactory epithelium, Bowman's glands, and associated with blood vessels and bundles of olfactory nerves. In the olfactory bulbs, siRNA was observed in the olfactory nerve, glomerular and mitral cell layers. These results demonstrate a role of the olfactory nerve pathway in targeting siRNA to the olfactory bulbs. Additional investigations will be required to assess the distribution of intranasal siRNA to additional regions of the brain and explore the capacity of the delivered siRNA to silence gene expression in the CNS.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The limited number of routes to reach the brain, such as blood-brain barrier and extraneuronal/perineuronal routes along the trigeminal or olfactory nerves, likely explains why only a small amount of intranasal oxytocin reaches the brain.
“This is likely because of the limited number of routes to reach the brain, such as blood-brain barrier and extraneuronal/perineuronal routes along the trigeminal or olfactory nerves.10, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53”
From Oxytocin efficacy is modulated by dosage and oxytocin receptor genotype in young adults with high-functioning autism: a 24-week randomized clinical trial (2016) · cites this paper as [52]
Cites
1 retracted
Francis, G. J., Martinez, J. A., Liu, W. Q., Xu, K., Ayer, A. B., Fine, J. M., Tuor, U. I., Glazner, G. W., Hanson, L. R., Frey, W. H., et al. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn288 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationRetractedKnocking down barriers: advances in siRNA delivery
Whitehead, K. A., Langer, R., & Anderson, D. G. (2009) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2742 · Cited by 3,115 · see citing works
Craft, S. (2012) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.233 · Cited by 1,253 · see citing works
Intranasal delivery to the central nervous system: Mechanisms and experimental considerations
Dhuria, S. V., Hanson, L. R., & Frey, W. H. (2010) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.21924 · Cited by 1,239 · see citing works
Self-citationThorne, R. G., Pronk, G. J., Padmanabhan, V., & Frey, W. H. (2004) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.05.029 · Cited by 958 · see citing works
Self-citationIntranasal insulin improves cognition and modulates β-amyloid in early AD
Reger, M. A., Watson, G. S., Green, P. S., Wilkinson, C. W., Baker, L. D., Cholerton, B., Fishel, M. A., Plymate, S. R., Breitner, J. C. S., DeGroodt, W., et al. (2008) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000265401.62434.36 · Cited by 830 · see citing works
Hanson, L. R., & Frey, W. H. (2008) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-9-s3-s5 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Self-citationIntranasal insulin improves memory in humans
Benedict, C., Hallschmid, M., Hatke, A., Schultes, B., Fehm, H. L., Born, J., & Kern, W. (2004) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.04.003 · Cited by 699 · see citing works
Reger, M. A., Watson, G. S., Frey, W. H., Baker, L. D., Cholerton, B., Keeling, M. L., Belongia, D., Fishel, M. A., Plymate, S. R., Schellenberg, G. D., et al. (2005) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.03.016 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Self-citationReger, M. A., Watson, G. S., Green, P. S., Baker, L. D., Cholerton, B., Fishel, M. A., Plymate, S. R., Cherrier, M. M., Schellenberg, G. D., Frey, W. H., et al. (2008) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2008-13309 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Self-citationIntranasal delivery of cells to the brain
Danielyan, L., Schäfer, R., von Ameln-Mayerhofer, A., Buadze, M., Geisler, J., Klopfer, T., Burkhardt, U. E., Proksch, B., Verleysdonk, S., Ayturan, M., et al. (2009) · European Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.02.001 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficient and targeted delivery of siRNA in vivo
Shim, M. S., & Kwon, Y. J. (2010) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07904.x · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Danielyan, L., Schäfer, R., von Ameln-Mayerhofer, A., Bernhard, F. P., Verleysdonk, S., Buadze, M., Lourhmati, A., Klopfer, T., Schaumann, F. T., Schmid, B., et al. (2011) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2010.1130 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Self-citationDelivery of Nerve Growth Factor to the Brain via the Olfactory Pathway
Chen, X., Fawcett, J. R., Rahman, Y., Ala, T. A., & Frey, W. H. (1998) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-1998-1102 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Self-citationRoss, T. M., Martinez, P. M., Renner, J. C., Thorne, R. G., Hanson, L. R., & Frey, W. H. (2004) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.02.011 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Self-citationFrom nose to brain: understanding transport capacity and transport rate of drugs
Wu, H., Hu, K., & Jiang, X. (2008) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1517/17425247.5.10.1159 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Li, Y., Field, P. M., & Raisman, G. (2005) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20241 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Intranasal insulin as a therapeutic option in the treatment of cognitive impairments
Benedict, C., Frey, W. H., Schiöth, H. B., Schultes, B., Jan Born, A., & Hallschmid, M. (2010) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2010.08.026 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationNew therapeutic approach for brain tumors: Intranasal delivery of telomerase inhibitor GRN163
Hashizume, R., Ozawa, T., Gryaznov, S. M., Bollen, A. W., Lamborn, K. R., Frey, W. H., & Deen, D. F. (2008) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1215/15228517-2007-052 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationIntranasal drug targeting of hypocretin-1 (orexin-A) to the central nervous system
Dhuria, S. V., Hanson, L. R., & Frey, W. H. (2008) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.21604 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationDykxhoorn, D. M., & Lieberman, J. (2006) · Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1146/annurev.bioeng.8.061505.095848 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Bortolozzi, A. A., Castañé, A., Semakova, J., Santana, N., Alvarado, G., Cortés, R., Ferrés‐Coy, A., Fernández, G., Carmona, M. C., Tóth, M., et al. (2011) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.92 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Delivery of Galanin-Like Peptide to the Brain: Targeting with Intranasal Delivery and Cyclodextrins
Nonaka, N., Farr, S. A., Kageyama, H., Shioda, S., & Banks, W. A. (2008) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.107.132381 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
RNAi therapeutics: an update on delivery.
Nguyen, T. A., Menocal, E. M., Harborth, J., & Fruehauf, J. H. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Ensheathment of the olfactory nerves in the adult rat
Field, P., Li, Y., & Raisman, G. (2003) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1023/b:neur.0000010089.37032.48 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Visualization of In Vivo Olfactory Uptake and Transfer Using Fluorescein Dextran
Jansson, B., & Björk, E. (2002) · Journal of drug targeting · doi:10.1080/1061186021000001823 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Intranasally delivered TGF-β1 enters brain and regulates gene expressions of its receptors in rats
Ma, Y., Ma, M., Song, G., Guo, R., Zhang, H., Frey, W. H., Xu, G., & Liu, X. (2007) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.06.021 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationTargeting neurological disease with RNAi
Lingor, P., & Bähr, M. (2007) · Molecular BioSystems · doi:10.1039/b701169e · Cited by 18 · see citing works
[Olfactory disorders in Alzheimer's disease and in Parkinson's disease. Review of the literature].
Norès, J. M., Biacabe, B., & Bonfils, P. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Potential application of RNAi for understanding and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases
Elena, I. S. (2009) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/3245 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 32 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mechanism of intranasal drug delivery directly to the brain
Crowe, T. P., Greenlee, M. H. W., Kanthasamy, A. G., & Hsu, W. H. (2018) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.025 · Cited by 721 · see citing works
Nose-to-brain delivery of BACE1 siRNA loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles for Alzheimer’s therapy
Rassu, G., Soddu, E., Posadino, A. M., Pintus, G., Sarmento, B., Giunchedi, P., & Gavini, E. (2017) · Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.01.031 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
MacDonald, K., & Feifel, D. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2013.00035 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Intranasal administration of oxytocin: behavioral and clinical effects, a review
Veening, J. G., & Olivier, B. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.012 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Woensel, M. V., Wauthoz, N., Rosière, R., Mathieu, V., Robert Kiss, A., Lefranc, F., Steelant, B., Dilissen, E., Gool, S. W. V., Mathivet, T., et al. (2016) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.032 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Alarcón-Arís, D., Recasens, A., Galofré, M., Carballo‐Carbajal, I., Zacchi, N., Ruiz‐Bronchal, E., Pavia-Collado, R., Chica, R., Ferrés‐Coy, A., Santos, M., et al. (2017) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.11.015 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Kosaka, H., Okamoto, Y., Munesue, T., Yamasue, H., Inohara, K., Fujioka, T., Anme, T., Orisaka, M., Ishitobi, M., Jung, M., et al. (2016) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.152 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Nose-to-brain drug delivery: from bench to bedside
Drath, I., Richter, F., & Feja, M. (2025) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-025-00481-w · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Agile delivery of protein therapeutics to CNS
Yi, X., Manickam, D. S., Brynskikh, A. M., & Kabanov, A. V. (2014) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.017 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Engineered commensals for targeted nose-to-brain drug delivery
Shen, H., Aggarwal, N., Cui, B., Foo, G. W., He, Y., Srivastava, S. K., Li, S., Seah, M. Z. X., Wun, K. S., Ling, H., et al. (2025) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.01.017 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Intranasal insulin in Alzheimer's disease: Food for thought
Chapman, C. D., Schiöth, H. B., Grillo, C. A., & Benedict, C. (2017) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.037 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Samaridou, E., Walgrave, H., Salta, E., Álvarez, D. M., Castro-López, V., Loza, M. I., & Alonso, M. J. (2019) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119657 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Intranasal therapeutic strategies for management of Alzheimer’s disease
Sood, S., Jain, K., & Gowthamarajan, K. (2014) · Journal of drug targeting · doi:10.3109/1061186x.2013.876644 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Exon-Skipping Antisense Oligonucleotides to Correct Missplicing in Neurogenetic Diseases
Siva, K., Covello, G., & Denti, M. A. (2014) · Nucleic Acid Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/nat.2013.0461 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Heinemann, J. A., Agapito-Tenfen, S. Z., & Carman, J. A. (2013) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.02.010 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Belur, L. R., Temme, A., Podetz-Pedersen, K. M., Riedl, M., Vulchanova, L., Robinson, N., Hanson, L. R., Kozarsky, K. F., Orchard, P. J., Frey, W. H., et al. (2017) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2017.187 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationNanotechnology for CNS delivery of bio-therapeutic agents
Shah, L. K., Yadav, S. K., & Amiji, M. M. (2013) · Drug Delivery and Translational Research · doi:10.1007/s13346-013-0133-3 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Kumar, N. N., Gautam, M., Lochhead, J. J., Wolak, D. J., Ithapu, V. K., Singh, V., & Thorne, R. G. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep31732 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Ferrés‐Coy, A., Galofré, M., Pilar-Cuéllar, F., Vidal, R., Paz, V., Ruiz‐Bronchal, E., Campa, L., Pazos, Á., Caso, J. R., Leza, J. C., et al. (2015) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2015.80 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Kanazawa, T. (2015) · Medical Devices Evidence and Research · doi:10.2147/mder.s70856 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Harmon, B. T., Aly, A. E.-E., Padegimas, L., Sesenoglu‐Laird, O., Cooper, M. J., & Waszczak, B. L. (2014) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/gt.2014.28 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Novel formulations and drug delivery systems to administer biological solids
Zhang, Y., Davis, D. A., AboulFotouh, K., Wang, J., Williams, D., Bhambhani, A., Zakrewsky, M., Maniruzzaman, M., Cui, Z., & Williams, R. O. (2021) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.011 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Intranasal, siRNA Delivery to the Brain by TAT/MGF Tagged PEGylated Chitosan Nanoparticles
Malhotra, M., Tomaro-Duchesneau, C., Saha, S., & Prakash, S. (2013) · Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1155/2013/812387 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Improving drug delivery technology for treating neurodegenerative diseases
Choonara, Y. E., Kumar, P., Modi, G., & Pillay, V. (2016) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1517/17425247.2016.1162152 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Chen, X., Luo, X., Yin, W., Cui, W., He, Y., Tian, T., & Lin, Y. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c03945 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Nanocarriers for Delivery of Oligonucleotides to the CNS
Male, D. K., & Gromnicova, R. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23020760 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Intranasal Drug Delivery to the Brain
Lochhead, J. J., & Thorne, R. G. (2013) · AAPS advances in the pharmaceutical sciences series · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9105-7_14 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Novel siRNA delivery strategy: a new "strand" in CNS translational medicine?
Gherardini, L., Bardi, G., Gennaro, M., & Pizzorusso, T. (2014) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-013-1310-8 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Charalambous, M., Volk, H. A., Tipold, A., Erath, J., Hünerfauth, E., Gallucci, A., Gandini, G., Hasegawa, D., Pancotto, T. E., Rossmeisl, J. H., et al. (2019) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/jvim.15627 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Intranasal exposure to uranium results in direct transfer to the brain along olfactory nerve bundles
Ibanez, C., Suhard, D., Tessier, C., Delissen, O., Lestaevel, P., Dublineau, I., & Gourmelon, P. (2013) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12061 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Intranasal Insulin: a Treatment Strategy for Addiction
Kashyap, B., Hanson, L. R., & Frey, W. H. (2020) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-019-00822-4 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationNucleic acid-based therapeutics for the treatment of central nervous system disorders
McCartan, R., Khorkova, O., Volmar, C., & Wahlestedt, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2023.1250276 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Limiting the level of tertiary amines on polyamines leads to biocompatible nucleic acid vectors
Carlos, M. I. S., Zheng, K., Garrett, N., Arifin, N., Workman, D. G., Kubajewska, I., Halwani, A. A., Moger, J., Zhang, Q., Schätzlein, A. G., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.059 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
siRNA Treatment: “A Sword-in-the-Stone” for Acute Brain Injuries
Fukuda, A. M., & Badaut, J. (2013) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes4030435 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Brain-targeted intranasal delivery of biologics: a perspective for Alzheimer's disease treatment
Li, H., Shen, X., Zhang, B., Li, Y., Alexander, C., Harvey, P., & Zhu, Z. (2025) · RSC Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1039/d5pm00148j · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Rodriguez, M., Soler, Y., Karuppan, M. K. M., Zhao, Y., Batrakova, E. V., & El‐Hage, N. (2021) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13020223 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Direct transport theory: From the nose to the brain
Dhas, N. L., Yadav, D., Singh, A. K., Garkal, A., Kudarha, R. R., Bangar, P., Savjani, J., Pardeshi, C. V., Garg, N., & Mehta, T. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822522-6.00001-1 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Xu, J., Xiang, Q., Su, J., Yang, P., Zhang, Q., Su, Z., Xiao, F., & Huang, Y. (2014) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.b14-00023 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Matías‐Guiu, J., Matías‐Guiu, J. A., Montero‐Escribano, P., Barcia, J. A., Canales-Aguirre, A. A., Mateos‐Díaz, J. C., & Gómez‐Pinedo, U. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00638 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Li, S., Guo, C., Zhang, X., Liu, X., Mu, J., Liu, C., Peng, Y., & Chang, M. (2021) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/d1bm00380a · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Lasanen, T., Frejborg, F., Lund, L. M., Nyman, M. C., Orpana, J., Habib, H., Alaollitervo, S., Levanova, A. A., Poranen, M. M., Hukkanen, V., et al. (2023) · Smart Medicine · doi:10.1002/smmd.20230009 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ullah, I., Chung, K., Beloor, J., Lee, S., & Kumar, P. (2019) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/59201 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Intranasal Drug Delivery to the Brain
Lochhead, J. J., Kumar, N. N., Nehra, G., Stenslik, M. J., Bradley, L. H., & Thorne, R. G. (2022) · AAPS advances in the pharmaceutical sciences series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88773-5_15 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Short interfering RNA and the central nervous system: development of nonviral delivery systems
Nishina, K., Mizusawa, H., & Yokota, T. (2013) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1517/17425247.2013.748746 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Small RNA drugs for prion disease: a new frontier
Boese, A. S., Majer, A., Saba, R., & Booth, S. A. (2013) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1517/17460441.2013.818976 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Advances in Neurotherapeutic Delivery Technologies
Mr Pradeep, K. (2015) · OMICS International eBooks · doi:10.4172/978-1-63278-036-2-037 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lin, M.-T., Chan, T.-Y., Liao, W., Wu, C., Young, T., & Chen, W. (2025) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149644 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Patil, S. B. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822522-6.00012-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tian, M., & Gabathuler, R. (2020) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0838-8_5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Uptake of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Mouse Brain through Intranasal Delivery
Zhang, Z., He, S., Jiang, W., Lu, J., Liu, S., Xu, W., Wang, Z., Lu, F., Xiao, Q., & Zhang, J. (2024) · Current Drug Delivery · doi:10.2174/0115672018339798240904171503 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kashiwayanagi, M. (2012) · YAKUGAKU ZASSHI · doi:10.1248/yakushi.12-00229-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Vargas, J. A. G., & Cardona‐Gómez, G. P. (2017) · Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales · doi:10.18257/raccefyn.437
Gene Therapy for Cognitive Recovering After Ischemic Stroke
Vargas, J. A. G., Posada‐Duque, R., & Cardona‐Gómez, G. P. (2017) · Springer series in translational stroke research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-66679-2_13 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Intranasal GHK peptide enhances resilience to cognitive decline in aging micePreprint
Tucker, M., Keely, A., Park, J. Y., Rosenfeld, M., Wezeman, J., Mangalindan, R., Ratner, D., & Ladiges, W. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.11.16.567423 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Intranasal delivery of pGDNF nanoparticles for Parkinson's disease
Harmon, B. T. (2013) · doi:10.17760/d20003327
Ocitocina, um “medicamento” ainda em potencial terapêutico para distúrbios psiquiátricos
de Deus, D. M. V., & de Freitas, P. S. (2017) · REVISTA HUM@NAE
(2024) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-4801-1
Elucidating bioadhesive processes in nasal drug delivery systems
Armstrong, M. (2014) · UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University) · doi:10.48730/6nbf-yx94
Intranasal dopamine: Anatomical pathways, biological mechanisms and neuromodulatory potential
Chao, O. Y.-H., Nikolaus, S., Mattern, C., Chiou, L., & Huston, J. P. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106866
Bang, K. Y., Walenga, R. L., Chopski, S. G., Luke, M. C., Blinova, K., Zhao, L., & Guo, S. (2026) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2026.115938 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Interrogating the role of splicing factors in Huntington’s Disease
Kooner, G. S. (2015) · Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester)
- Authors
- Renner, D. B., Frey, W. H., & Hanson, L. R.
- Affiliations
- Regions Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Renner, Dan B.
- Venue
- Neuroscience Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-04
- Volume
- 513
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 193-197
- ISSN
- 0304-3940 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2062516622
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Keywords
- intranasal drug delivery, siRNA, olfactory bulb, olfactory epithelium, Bowman's glands
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Intranasal, Animals, Male, Olfactory Bulb, Olfactory Nerve, Olfactory Pathways, RNA Interference, RNA, Small Interfering, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
