Mechanism of intranasal drug delivery directly to the brain

The blood-brain barrier: Bottleneck in brain drug development

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FINE STRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF A BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER TO EXOGENOUS PEROXIDASE

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Impaired insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression and signaling mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease – is this type 3 diabetes?

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Sniffing neuropeptides: A transnasal approach to the human brain

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Intranasal Insulin Therapy for Alzheimer Disease and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Clinical Trial

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Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation

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Intranasal delivery of biologics to the central nervous system

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Delivery of insulin-like growth factor-I to the rat brain and spinal cord along olfactory and trigeminal pathways following intranasal administration

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Intranasal insulin improves cognition and modulates β-amyloid in early AD

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Characteristics of Compounds that Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier

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Gastrointestinal persorption and tissue distribution of differently sized colloidal gold nanoparticles

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Intranasal insulin improves memory in humans

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Intranasal Drug Delivery: How, Why and What For?

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Effects of intranasal insulin on cognition in memory-impaired older adults: Modulation by APOE genotype

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Central olfactory connections in the macaque monkey

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Evidence of connections between cerebrospinal fluid and nasal lymphatic vessels in humans, non-human primates and other mammalian species

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Intranasal Insulin Administration Dose-Dependently Modulates Verbal Memory and Plasma Amyloid-β in Memory-Impaired Older Adults

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Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Overview of Environmental Risk Factors

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The neuropil of the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb

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Intranasal Insulin as a Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Basic Research and Clinical Evidence

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Nasal mucociliary clearance as a factor in nasal drug delivery

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Effect of Chitosan on Epithelial Cell Tight Junctions

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Long-Acting Intranasal Insulin Detemir Improves Cognition for Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease Dementia

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Transmembrane proteins of tight junctions

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Permeability issues in nasal drug delivery

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CAR/FoxP3-engineered T regulatory cells target the CNS and suppress EAE upon intranasal delivery

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Avenues for entry of peripherally administered protein to the central nervous system in mouse, rat, and squirrel monkey.

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Intranasal delivery of cells to the brain

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Quantitative analysis of the olfactory pathway for drug delivery to the brain

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Analysis of Structural Requirements for the Absorption of Drugs and Macromolecules from the Nasal Cavity

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Anatomy, physiology and function of the nasal cavities in health and disease

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The axonal projection patterns of the mitral and tufted cells of the olfactory bulb in the rat

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The “Perivascular Pump” Driven by Arterial Pulsation Is a Powerful Mechanism for the Distribution of Therapeutic Molecules within the Brain

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Identification and characterization of neuroblasts in the subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream of the adult human brain

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Intranasal Insulin Improves Memory in Humans: Superiority of Insulin Aspart

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Differential sensitivity of men and women to anorexigenic and memory-improving effects of intranasal insulin

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Therapeutic Efficacy of Intranasally Delivered Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Model of Parkinson Disease

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Rapid Transport within Cerebral Perivascular Spaces Underlies Widespread Tracer Distribution in the Brain after Intranasal Administration

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Olfactory neurogenesis: genetic or environmental controls?

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Intranasal Drug Delivery for Brain Targeting

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A comparison between wheat germ agglutinin- and choleragenoid-horseradish peroxidase as anterogradely transported markers in central branches of primary sensory neurones in the rat with some observations in the cat

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Impaired transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier in obesity is acquired and reversible

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Axonal transport of substance P in the vagus and sciatic nerves of the guinea pig

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Enhancing paracellular permeability by modulating epithelial tight junctions

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Distribution of extracellular tracers in perivascular spaces of the rat brain

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The Transport Barrier of Epithelia: A Comparative Study on Membrane Permeability and Charge Selectivity in the Rabbit

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Enhancement of Vasoreactivity and Cognition by Intranasal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes

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Economic Considerations in Alzheimer's Disease

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Chitosan coated nanostructured lipid carriers for brain delivery of proteins by intranasal administration

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Differential Axonal Projection of Mitral and Tufted Cells in the Mouse Main Olfactory System

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Intranasal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment for Neonatal Brain Damage: Long-Term Cognitive and Sensorimotor Improvement

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Delayed Intranasal Delivery of Hypoxic-Preconditioned Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhanced Cell Homing and Therapeutic Benefits after Ischemic Stroke in Mice

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Endocytic and exocytic pathways of the neuronal secretory process and trans synaptic transfer of wheat germ agglutinin‐horseradish peroxidase in vivo

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Nasal administration of stem cells: a promising novel route to treat neonatal ischemic brain damage

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Olfactory ensheathing cells and olfactory nerve fibroblasts maintain continuous open channels for regrowth of olfactory nerve fibres

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UPTAKE OF ALUMINIUM INTO CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ALONG NASAL-OLFACTORY PATHWAYS

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Intranasal administration of IGF-1 attenuates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats

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Intranasal Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Significantly Extends Survival of Irradiated Mice with Experimental Brain Tumors

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Intranasal Delivery of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells: A Noninvasive Passage to Target Intracerebral Glioma

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Intranasal insulin protects against substantia nigra dopaminergic neuronal loss and alleviates motor deficits induced by 6-OHDA in rats

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Ensheathment of the olfactory nerves in the adult rat

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Intranasal Administration as a Route for Drug Delivery to the Brain: Evidence for a Unique Pathway for Albumin

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Intranasal nerve growth factor enhances striatal neurogenesis in adult rats with focal cerebral ischemia

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Intracerebral propagation of Alzheimer’s disease: strengthening evidence of a herpes simplex virus etiology

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Lymphatic Vessels Gain Access to Cerebrospinal Fluid Through Unique Association with Olfactory Nerves

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Brain Uptake of Intranasally Applied Radioiodinated Leptin in Wistar Rats

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Non-invasive intranasal administration route directly to the brain using dendrimer nanoplatforms: An opportunity to develop new CNS drugs

Mignani, S. M., Shi, X., Karpus, A. O., & Majoral, J. (2020) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112905 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

Transmucosal drug administration as an alternative route in palliative and end-of-life care during the COVID-19 pandemic

Lam, J. K. W., Cheung, C. K. C., Chow, M. Y. T., Harrop, E. J., Lapwood, S., Barclay, S. I. G., & Wong, I. C. K. (2020) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.018 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Endothelin signalling mediates experience-dependent myelination in the CNS

Swire, M., Kotelevtsev, Y. V., Webb, D. J., Lyons, D. A., & ffrench‐Constant, C. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.49493 · Cited by 90 · see citing works

The combination of nanotechnology and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) inspires the modernization of TCM: review on nanotechnology in TCM-based drug delivery systems

Zheng, Y., Wang, Y., Xia, M., Gao, Y., Zhang, L., Song, Y., & Zhang, C. (2021) · Drug Delivery and Translational Research · doi:10.1007/s13346-021-01029-x · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Intranasal Perillyl Alcohol for Glioma Therapy: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Development

Chen, T. C., da Fonseca, C. O., & Schönthal, A. H. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19123905 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Organ-specific toxicity of magnetic iron oxide-based nanoparticles

Chrishtop, V. V., Mironov, V. A., Prilepskii, A. Y., Nikonorova, V. G., & Vinogradov, V. V. (2020) · Nanotoxicology · doi:10.1080/17435390.2020.1842934 · Cited by 86 · see citing works

Intranasal Zolmitriptan-Loaded Bilosomes with Extended Nasal Mucociliary Transit Time for Direct Nose to Brain Delivery

Taweel, M. M. E., Aboul-Einien, M. H., Kassem, M. A., & ElKasabgy, N. A. (2021) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13111828 · Cited by 86 · see citing works

Borneol: a Promising Monoterpenoid in Enhancing Drug Delivery Across Various Physiological Barriers

Kulkarni, M., Sawant, N. D., Kolapkar, A., Huprikar, A., & Desai, N. D. (2021) · AAPS PharmSciTech · doi:10.1208/s12249-021-01999-8 · Cited by 86 · see citing works

Levodopa-loaded nanoparticles for the treatment of Parkinson's disease

van Vliet, E. F., Knol, M. J., Schiffelers, R. M., Caiazzo, M., & Fens, M. H. A. M. (2023) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.026 · Cited by 85 · see citing works

Carbon nanotubes and central nervous system: Environmental risks, toxicological aspects and future perspectives

Facciolà, A., Visalli, G., La Maestra, S., Ceccarelli, M., D’Aleo, F., Nunnari, G., Pellicanò, G. F., & Di Pietro, A. (2019) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2018.11.006 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Wnt-3a alleviates neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke by modulating the responses of microglia/macrophages and astrocytes

Zhang, D., Lu, Z., Man, J., Cui, K., Fu, X., Yu, L., Gao, Y., Liao, L., Xiao, Q., Guo, R., et al. (2019) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105760 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Pharmacotechnical Development of a Nasal Drug Delivery Composite Nanosystem Intended for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment

Adnet, T., Groo, A., Picard, C., Davis, A., Corvaisier, S., Since, M., Bounoure, F., Rochais, C., Pluart, L. L., Dallemagne, P., et al. (2020) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12030251 · Cited by 83 · see citing works

Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Neurological Disorders: A Review of the State-of-the-Art and Therapeutic Success to Date

Witika, B. A., Poka, M., Demana, P. H., Matafwali, S. K., Melamane, S., Khamanga, S. M., & Makoni, P. A. (2022) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14040836 · Cited by 82 · see citing works

Intranasal Delivery of Darunavir-Loaded Mucoadhesive In Situ Gel: Experimental Design, In Vitro Evaluation, and Pharmacokinetic Studies

Nair, A. B., Chaudhary, S. A., Shah, H., Jacob, S., Mewada, V., Shinu, P., Al‐Dhubiab, B. E., Sreeharsha, N., Venugopala, K. N., Attimarad, M., et al. (2022) · Gels · doi:10.3390/gels8060342 · Cited by 81 · see citing works

Preparation, characterization, and optimization of asenapine maleate mucoadhesive nanoemulsion using Box-Behnken design: In vitro and in vivo studies for brain targeting

Kumbhar, S. A., Kokare, C., Shrivastava, B., Gorain, B., & Choudhury, H. (2020) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119499 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

Influence of nanoparticle size on blood–brain barrier penetration and the accumulation of anti-seizure medicines in the brain

Meng, Q., Meng, H., Pan, Y., Liu, J., Li, J., Qi, Y., & Huang, Y. (2021) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d1tb02015c · Cited by 79 · see citing works

Polysaccharides-based nanocarriers enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin

Luo, W. H., Bai, L., Zhang, J., Li, Z., Liu, Y., Tang, X., Xia, P., Xu, M., Shi, A., Liu, X., et al. (2023) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120718 · Cited by 80 · see citing works

The Nasal–Brain Drug Delivery Route: Mechanisms and Applications to Central Nervous System Diseases

Qiu, Y., Huang, S., Peng, L., Yang, L., Zhang, G., Liu, T., Yan, F., & Peng, X. (2025) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.70213 · Cited by 90 · see citing works

Nose-to-brain drug delivery approach: a key to easily accessing the brain for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Alexander, A., & Saraf, S. (2018) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.241458 · Cited by 77 · see citing works

Evaluation of size-dependent uptake, transport and cytotoxicity of polystyrene microplastic in a blood-brain barrier (BBB) model

Cho, Y., Seo, E. U., Hwang, K. S., Kim, H., Choi, J. H., & Kim, H. N. (2024) · Nano Convergence · doi:10.1186/s40580-024-00448-z · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Nanocarrier mediated drug delivery as an impeccable therapeutic approach against Alzheimer’s disease

Taliyan, R., Kakoty, V., Sarathlal, K. C., Kharavtekar, S. S., Karennanavar, C. R., Choudhary, Y. K., Singhvi, G., Riadi, Y., Dubey, S. K., & Kesharwani, P. (2022) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.044 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Micro- and Nanosized Carriers for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Boyuklieva, R., & Pilicheva, B. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10071706 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Intranasal Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates the Abnormal Dopamine Transmission System and Inflammatory Reaction in the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington Disease

Yu-Taeger, L., Stricker-Shaver, J., Arnold, K., Bambynek-Dziuk, P., Novati, A., Singer, E., Lourhmati, A., Fabian, C., Magg, J. C. D., Rieß, O., et al. (2019) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells8060595 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Nanotechnologies for intranasal drug delivery: an update of literature

Lombardo, R., Musumeci, T., Carbone, C., & Pignatello, R. (2021) · Pharmaceutical Development and Technology · doi:10.1080/10837450.2021.1950186 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

Sepsis: developing new alternatives to reduce neuroinflammation and attenuate brain injury

Meneses, G., Cárdenas, G., Espinosa, A., Rassy, D., Pérez‐Osorio, I. N., Bárcena, B., Fleury, A., Besedovsky, H. O., Fragoso, G., & Sciutto, E. (2018) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13985 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

Nose-to-brain delivery of levetiracetam after intranasal administration to mice

Gonçalves, J., Bicker, J., Gouveia, F., Liberal, J. M. T., Oliveira, R. C., Alves, G., Falcão, A. C., & Fortuna, A. C. (2019) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.047 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Intranasal Delivery of Functionalized Polymeric Nanomaterials to the Brain

Zha, S., Wong, K., & All, A. H. (2022) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202102610 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Disentangling the Hypothesis of Host Dysosmia and SARS-CoV-2: The Bait Symptom That Hides Neglected Neurophysiological Routes

Briguglio, M., Bona, A. R., Porta, M., Dell’Osso, B. M., Pregliasco, F. E., & Banfi, G. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00671 · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Biopolymer Nanoparticles for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery: A New Promising Approach for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases

Montegiove, N., Calzoni, E., Emiliani, C., & Cesaretti, A. (2022) · Journal of Functional Biomaterials · doi:10.3390/jfb13030125 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Nose-to-Brain (N2B) Delivery: An Alternative Route for the Delivery of Biologics in the Management and Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders

Patharapankal, E. J., Ajiboye, A. L., Mattern, C., & Trivedi, V. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics16010066 · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Preparation of baicalin-loaded ligand-modified nanoparticles for nose-to-brain delivery for neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia

Li, X., Li, S., Ma, C., Li, T., & Yang, L. (2022) · Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/10717544.2022.2064564 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

RVG29-modified microRNA-loaded nanoparticles improve ischemic brain injury by nasal delivery

Hao, R., Sun, B., Yang, L., Ma, C., & Li, S. (2020) · Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/10717544.2020.1760960 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Nanotechnology to improve the Alzheimer’s disease therapy with natural compounds

Ramalho, M. J., Andrade, S., Loureiro, J. A., & do Carmo Pereira, M. (2020) · Drug Delivery and Translational Research · doi:10.1007/s13346-019-00694-3 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Spray dried powders for nasal delivery: Process and formulation considerations

Henriques, P., Fortuna, A. C., & Doktorovová, S. (2022) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.05.002 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Advancements in drug delivery methods for the treatment of brain disease

Partridge, B. R., Eardley, A., Morales, B. E., Campelo, S. N., Lorenzo, M., Mehta, J., Kani, Y., Mora, J. K. G., Campbell, E.-O. Y., Arena, C. B., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.1039745 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Direct transport theory: From the nose to the brain

Dhas, N. L., Yadav, D., Singh, A. K., Garkal, A., Kudarha, R. R., Bangar, P., Savjani, J., Pardeshi, C. V., Garg, N., & Mehta, T. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822522-6.00001-1 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Iranian journal of basic medical sciences : IJBMS

(n.d.) · RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)

Perivascular and Perineural Pathways Involved in Brain Delivery and Distribution of Drugs after Intranasal Administration

Lochhead, J. J., & Davis, T. P. (2019) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics11110598 · Cited by 108 · see citing works

Recent Developments In Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems via Intranasal Route

Ainurofiq, A., Prasetya, A., Rahayu, B. G., Qadri, M. S. A., Kovusov, M., & Laksono, O. E. P. (2023) · Farmacja Polska · doi:10.32383/farmpol/163334 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Insights into Direct Nose to Brain Delivery: Current Status and Future Perspective

Mittal, D., Ali, A., Md, S., Baboota, S., Sahni, J. K., & Ali, J. (2014) · Drug Delivery · doi:10.3109/10717544.2013.838713 · Cited by 359 · see citing works