Plasma levels of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in treatment-resistant schizophrenia treated with clozapine.
Open accessAbstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates the survival and growth of neurons, and influences synaptic efficiency and plasticity. Peripheral BDNF levels in patients with schizophrenia have been widely reported in the literature. However, it is still controversial whether peripheral levels of BDNF are altered in patients with schizophrenia. The peripheral BDNF levels previously reported in patients with schizophrenia were total BDNF (proBDNF and mature BDNF) as it was unable to specifically measure mature BDNF due to limited BDNF antibody specificity. In this study, we examined whether peripheral levels of mature BDNF were altered in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels were also measured, as MMP-9 plays a role in the conversion of proBDNF to mature BDNF. Twenty-two patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia treated with clozapine and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. The plasma levels of mature BDNF and MMP-9 were measured using ELISA kits. No significant difference was observed for mature BDNF however, MMP-9 was significantly increased in patients with schizophrenia. The significant correlation was observed between mature BDNF and MMP-9 plasma levels. Neither mature BDNF nor MMP-9 plasma levels were associated clinical variables. Our results do not support the view that peripheral BDNF levels are associated with schizophrenia. MMP-9 may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and serve as a biomarker for schizophrenia.
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Elevated MMP-9 levels were shown in the plasma of schizophrenic patients.
“Additionally, Yamamori et al. (2013) showed elevated MMP-9 levels in the plasma of schizophrenic patients.”
From The Perineuronal ‘Safety’ Net? Perineuronal Net Abnormalities in Neurological Disorders (2018) · cites this paper as Yamamori et al. (2013)
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- Authors
- Yamamori, H., Hashimoto, R., Ishima, T., Kishi, F., Yasuda, Y., Ohi, K., Fujimoto, M., Umeda-Yano, S., Ito, A., Hashimoto, K., & Takeda, M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Osaka (JP)
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development (JP)
- Chiba University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Hashimoto, Ryota
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuroscience Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 556
- Pages
- 37-41
- ISSN
- 0304-3940 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2008943596
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 5.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuroscience Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
- Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- Japan Foundation for Neuroscience and Mental Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- brain-derived neurotrophic factor, mature BDNF, MMP-9, treatment-resistant schizophrenia, clozapine, plasma biomarkers, schizophrenia pathophysiology
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Clozapine, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Protein Precursors, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents, Case-Control Studies, Treatment Failure, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
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